Scoliosis is not a disease, but rather it is a term used to describe any abnormal, sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is usually mild and needs no treatment. The curve can bend to the left or to the right.
Scoliosis is not a disease, but rather it is a term used to describe any abnormal, sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is usually mild and needs no treatment. The curve can bend to the left or to the right.
Patient has significant disc degenerative change. Lower back pain increasing toward end of day working in lumbar yard. Could this be a radiculopathy causing motor weakness without leg pain radiation?
Scoliosis is not a disease, but rather it is a term used to describe any abnormal, sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is usually mild and needs no treatment. The curve can bend to the left or to the right.
Scoliosis is not a disease, but rather it is a term used to describe any abnormal, sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is usually mild and needs no treatment. The curve can bend to the left or to the right.
Patient has significant disc degenerative change. Lower back pain increasing toward end of day working in lumbar yard. Could this be a radiculopathy causing motor weakness without leg pain radiation?
17 year old elite soccer player has left lower back pain. Left low back painful symptoms, episodes a couple times over the past couple years. He does not currently have any right-sided symptoms but he has had right-sided lower back pain in the past.
You are trying to predict what symptoms this patient has based upon imaging. He currently describes lower back "discomfort“ which tends to be worse with walking any distance and relieved with bending forward. His other symptom which is currently more significant to him, is numbness in the right buttock radiating down to the outside of the right foot.
Lower back pain radiates down LLE to bottom of foot with “scrunched-up” sock with tight “rubber bands” feeling under left foot. It is harder for the patient to go upstairs with right leg.
Patient has pain in buttocks with standing which becomes worse the longer he stands. Sitting causes pain relief however he can’t straighten up in AM. He can bicycle all day but can’t stand up straight after a day of riding.
Use images to consider what symptoms could occur (think backwards) but never speculate on image symptom generation without a through history and physical examination first.
40 year old male has intermittent incapacitating LBP (LBA). He has a “catch” on flexion/extension ROM. Pain does radiate into buttocks when back pain becomes severe. Buttocks Pain is Sclerotomal Pain and not Radiculopathy.
Cervical hematomas are generally associated with trauma, surgery, and tumors of the neck. Although rare, they can be life-threatening because they can put a patient at risk for great-vessel compression and upper airway obstruction.
Cervical hematoma is typically associated with trauma, surgery, and tumors of the neck. Although rare, they can be life-threatening because they can put a patient at risk for great-vessel compression and upper airway obstruction.
Neck hematoma is typically associated with trauma, surgery, and tumors of the neck. Although rare, they can be life-threatening because they can put a patient at risk for great-vessel compression and upper airway obstruction.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
17 year old elite soccer player has left lower back pain. Left low back painful symptoms, episodes a couple times over the past couple years. He does not currently have any right-sided symptoms but he has had right-sided lower back pain in the past.
You are trying to predict what symptoms this patient has based upon imaging. He currently describes lower back "discomfort“ which tends to be worse with walking any distance and relieved with bending forward. His other symptom which is currently more significant to him, is numbness in the right buttock radiating down to the outside of the right foot.
Lower back pain radiates down LLE to bottom of foot with “scrunched-up” sock with tight “rubber bands” feeling under left foot. It is harder for the patient to go upstairs with right leg.
Patient has pain in buttocks with standing which becomes worse the longer he stands. Sitting causes pain relief however he can’t straighten up in AM. He can bicycle all day but can’t stand up straight after a day of riding.
Use images to consider what symptoms could occur (think backwards) but never speculate on image symptom generation without a through history and physical examination first.
40 year old male has intermittent incapacitating LBP (LBA). He has a “catch” on flexion/extension ROM. Pain does radiate into buttocks when back pain becomes severe. Buttocks Pain is Sclerotomal Pain and not Radiculopathy.
Cervical hematomas are generally associated with trauma, surgery, and tumors of the neck. Although rare, they can be life-threatening because they can put a patient at risk for great-vessel compression and upper airway obstruction.
Cervical hematoma is typically associated with trauma, surgery, and tumors of the neck. Although rare, they can be life-threatening because they can put a patient at risk for great-vessel compression and upper airway obstruction.
Neck hematoma is typically associated with trauma, surgery, and tumors of the neck. Although rare, they can be life-threatening because they can put a patient at risk for great-vessel compression and upper airway obstruction.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. 78 yo Patient who can’t walk
more than 70 feet without upper
LB ache that stops her
• Note flexed forward
posture
• Bent knee stance
• Hypo-lordotic lumbar spine
• Pain gone with sitting and
lying down
• What 6 things cause this
deformity?
3. Flat Back Posturing
• Antalgia secondary to central stenosis.
LRS, FS
• Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease with
loss of lordosis (can’t straighten due to
loss of lumbar lordosis-flat back
syndrome)
• Facet pain/spondylolisthesis (rare)
• Thoracic hyperkyphosis with poor
lumbar compensatory mechanism
• Hip, knee flexion contractures,
• Hamstring and gluteal weakness (L5
and S1)
4. See more case studies and sign up for
seminars at
StudySpine.com