- The document provides information about the British school system and culture. It describes that most British children attend primary school from ages 5-11 and secondary school from ages 11-16. School typically runs from September to June/July and uniforms are common in secondary schools. - The forest of Puzzlewood in England served as inspiration for J.R.R. Tolkien's forests in The Lord of the Rings. Its strange rock formations and maze-like paths are similar to those described in the famous book. - A study found that adolescent brains learn differently than adult brains when receiving rewards during tasks. Teenagers were better able to learn and remember connections between unrelated things compared to adults.

1. Харківська спеціалізована школа І-ІІІ ступенів№ 75 Харківської міської ради Харківської
області.Спецвипуск шкільної газети до року англійської мови
Some information about
British Schools
British children must go to school from the age of
5 to 16 .Most children go to nursery school or
play school before they start school .Children
attend primary school from age 5 to 11 and
secondary or high school from age 11 to 16 .
Some students leave school at 16 . Other stay
another two years to attend sixth form .
School runs from September until June or July for
five days a week . School starts at 9 am and
finishes at 3 pm for younger students and 4 pm for
older ones . Most secondary school pupils wear a
school uniform . Most school have clubs and
societies . Students can play sports, music or visit
places of interest.
StrizhenkoPolina, Chornaya Angelica 6-B
Check this
- Some
information
about
British Schools
– page 1
-Puzzlewood
Forest -
page 2
-Adolescent
brains are
trained
specifically -
page 3, 4
-English
everywhere –
page 5,6
-The Small Red
Feather – page
7

2. Puzzlewood Forest
Puzzlewood is an ancient woodland site and tourist attraction, near
Coleford in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England. The site,
covering 14 acres , shows evidence of open cast iron ore mining
dating from the Roman period, and
possibly earlier.
Over a mile of pathways were laid down
in the early 19th century to provide
access to the woods, and provide
picturesque walks. The area contains
strange rock formations, secret caves and
ancient trees, with a confusing maze of
paths. Puzzlewood is said to be one of J.
R. R. Tolkien's inspirations for Middle-
earth in The Lord of the Rings.
The site is listed in the 'Forest of Dean
Local Plan Review'
J. R. R. Tolkien was a frequent visitor to
the Forest of Dean. Puzzlewood was the inspiration for the forests of
Middle-earth in The Lord of the Rings, such as the Old Forest,
Mirkwood, Fangorn or Lothlórien. Tolkien may also have been
inspired by the less well
known scowles on the
grounds of Lydney Park.
When The Lord of the
Rings was named Britain's
favourite book in the "Big
Read", Puzzlewood was
used by Ray Mears to
champion Tolkien's work.
Harry Potter author J.K Rowling has also visited Puzzlewood. The
Forbidden Forest within the series bears some similarities to the
geography of the area
BabaenkoVladislav 9-B

3. Adolescent brains are trained specifically
Young people learning, focusing on the rewards and gaining
experience, achieve greater success than adults. Young people often
say that they are focused on meeting your own needs.It would seem,
that is why their behavior decisively influence rewards.For
example, studies in rats demonstrate that certain areas in the brain
much more youth-oriented than in adults.Obviously this affects
behavior during training.Scientists led by David Giulietta (Juliet
Davidow) from Harvard University in Cambridge (United States)
analyzed this phenomenon.They have wondered whether
adolescents achieve greater success than adults as a result of
positive reinforcements for its concentration on remuneration. If so,
how this difference can be seen in the brain? To this research
scientists attracted 41 teen between the ages of 13 to 17 years of age
and 31 adults aged 20 to 30 years.All subjects participated in a
training game, which was based on image recognition.The
participants had to watch, to which of the two drawn flowers sits a
butterfly.In the course of the game through trial and error test
subjects learned
the specific
schema and all
carried out
assignments.If
they accurately
determined the
flower, then on
the screen could
be seen "correctly". When the party was wrong, the word "wrong"
appeared.It turned out that teens more often made the right choice
than adults. Though, during the experiment, young people could
better understand the rules of the game.The difference in the success
of juvenile and adults, obvious.

4. Scientists suspect: striatum (corpus striatum) influences the work, a
body that plays a pivotal role in educating on remuneration.Among
young people it should be hyperactive."We are very surprised, when
we have not found any differences between this site in adults and
adolescents, said Davydov.The
difference was hidden somewhere in
the hippocampus.This section of the
brain responsible including the
accumulation of memories and is
usually not associated with
reinforcement learning.However,
during the game, in the brain of
adolescents, unlike adults, the
hippocampus was particularly
active.To get to the bottom of it,
scientists have added the primary
game. Together with an indication of the right or wrong answer on the
screen appeared another image no regarding the games.The result: the
stronger the interacted among themselves both sites, the better the
teens eventually remembered that "unimportant" picture.This unique
scheme in the brain of adolescents may be due to evolutionary
adaptation mechanism, which provided an opportunity for teenagers
to better learn and remember.Connecting two parts of the brain that
are not in communication with each other, in one study, teenage brain
is trying to get an understanding of the environment at this important
stage of life, "explained co-author Daphne Shogam of Columbia
University in New York.
Scientists emphasize: the results obtained prove: once again that the
adolescent brain is neither broken nor emerging, but solely adapted.
Hlivnyak Denis 7-B

5. English... it is everywhere
It is very good for known
that after the British have
come into contact with
more cultures than any
other country in history,
they have had good
reason to adopt some
foreign words into the
English language. But the
exportation of the English language through British and American
popular culture has reason that many English words have found a
new home in foreign languages around the world. They quickly
adapt to their new environments though, and we find that the
influence of English on foreign languages is not a linear process.
Soon these once English words become unrecognizable to native
English speakers.
One popular transformation occurs with languages that don’t allow
two consonants together so will either remove one of the
consonants or add a vowel between them to break up the sounds
and make them easier to pronounce. We find examples in Japanese
such as beisuboru for baseball or suriruthrill because th becomes s, l
becomes r and you just can’t have the s and r together. Borrowed
English words in Japanese sometimes have bits removed too, so
ballpoint pen has become boorupen. Popular usage of the English
term “salary man” has led to high earning Japanese office workers
being called sarariman.
In African languages there are some interesting sound changes to
borrowed English words such as kwanaa for corner and
sukundireebaa for screwdriver in Hausa and baafu for bath, faaloo
for parlor, and sitadiomu for stadium in Yoruba. There are times

6. when the word changes its meaning in the new language for
example in Hausa, when you refer to a faadaa, from father, you
mean a priest not your Dad.
The Chinese language is very small in the way English words can
be used. You can only use a specific set of sounds to start a syllable
and specific sounds make up the rest of the syllable and these can
only be written with certain characters. In Mandarin, chocolate has
become qiaokeli (pronounced “chow kuh lee”), and brandy, because
you can’t start a syllable with two consonants and can’t start a
syllable with “r”, is bailandi. In Thai the English cigarette is kaaráet
with an added noun-
type prefix yaa to
make yaakaaráet.
The Tamil language
has pilavus for blouse
and tákkutar for
doctor. Tamil also
demonstrates an too
older influence from English by using náram for orange, taken from
the previous English word for orange, norange. In Arabic we find
English adjectives have been turned into Arabic verbs as in the case
of nervous turning into narvas, meaning “become nervous,” and late
is now Arabic layyat, meaning “be late.”
The way that English words are adapted reveals a lot about the
cultures and languages that change them to suit their needs. The
changing and adaptable nature of language is part of what makes
languages so interesting and is something that anyone offering
translation services has to keep in mind.
Kovalenko Maksim 11-B

7. THE SMALL RED FEATHER
There once lived a man with his wife. They were very poor and always
hungry. The man often went to the forest, but he was a bad hunter and
sometimes brought home only a small bird.
One day he went to the forest again. But it was a very bad day for him:
he did not find even a small bird. He was tired and sad. He sat down to
rest under a tree. Then he heard a sweet song of a bird.
He looked up and saw a very small bird whose feathers were red. The
bird said, "I see that you are poor and hungry. I want to help you. I'll
give you one of my feathers. Take it home and cook it. You will have a
good dinner. Come back tomorrow, and I'll give you another feather."
He thanked the bird and went home. He put the feather into a pot and
told everything to his wife.
"Silly, how can the feather become food?' You must catch the bird and
kill it. Then we can cook the bird and eat it."
He did not answer, but looked into the pot and saw there a good dinner.
Every day he went to the forest, and every day the small bird gave him a
red feather that made a dinner for the man and his wife.
But his wife was very greedy. Every day she said to the man, "We must
not have only the little red feather. We must have the bird. Then we can
cook two, three or four feathers every day and we shall have as much
food as we like."
"But the little bird is my friend. I shall not kill it." One day the woman
followed her husband into the forest, but he did not see her. The woman
heard the sweet song of the little red bird. She took a stone and killed it.
The bird fell down off the tree. The man was very sad, but the wife said,
"Now we shall have much food every day."
They went home. At home the woman pulled one red feather off the bird
and put it into the hot water. She cooked and cooked it, but the feather
was just a feather. And from that day on they were again always hungry.
NovitskyVladislav 11-A