The document discusses the history and impact of print culture and printing technology. It notes that the oldest known printed book is the 868 AD Diamond Sutra from Japan. The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing, known as the Print Revolution, transformed society by spreading knowledge and encouraging new ways of thinking. It influenced religious debates and dissent. Literacy rates increased, fueling demand for printed books. Overall, widespread printing opened access to information and changed people's relationship with knowledge and authority.

1. PRINT CULTURE
&
THE MODERNWORLD

2.  DIAMOND SUTRA
The oldest printed book known is a Japanese
Buddhist book, the Diamond Sutra printed in
AD 868

3.  WOODBLOCK PRINTINGTECHNOLOGY:

4.  WOOD BLOCKTECHNOLOGY:

5. Vellum: a parchment made
from the skin of animals

6.  FIRST PRINTING MACHINE:

7.  PRINTING FUNCTIONS:

9. EVENTS OF PRINTING:
 The shift from hand-printing to mechanical
printing led to the Print Revolution.
 Print Revolution transformed the lives of the
people; changed their relationship to
information and knowledge; opened up new
ways of looking at things.
 A New Reading Public emerged due to low
cost of books and multiple production of
books.
 Oral Culture was now replaced by print
culture

10.  Print led to religious debates and fear of print.
 Rebellious and irreligious thoughts could be
spread by new books.
 Martin Luther wrote Ninety FiveTheses in 1517,
criticising the Roman Catholic Church for its
many rituals.
 Dissent became a part of print.The clergy
became afraid of the new awakening.
 The 17th and 18th centuries saw the rise of
literacy rates, this led to the reading mania.
People wanted more books.

11. IMPACT OF PRINTING REVOLUTION
1. The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing
is known as the print revolution.
2. It led to the growth and development in technique
and production of books.
3. It transformed the lives of people by opening the
door of knowledge to a vast literate population. It
also changed people’s relationship to information
and knowledge and with institution and
authorities.
4. It influenced people’s conception and opened new
ways of looking at things.
5. It encouraged debates and discussions on written
texts and encouraged freedom of opinion on
important issues. Generated a new reading habit
and book culture.

12.  Different types of books gives information about current affairs, prices
of various commodities, new discoveries, socio cultural and political
functions.
 Chap books: cheap books worth some penny, sold in England by
hawkers.
 Biliotheque Bleue: cheap book, sold in France.
 Books were believed to liberate society from tyranny and despotism. It
will increase reasoning and intellects.
 New strategies were produced for selling:
 SERIALISED NOVELS
 CHEAP SERIES (CALLED SHILLING SERIES)
 DUST COVER JACKETS

13.  INNNOVATIONS IN PRINTING TECHNOLOGY:
CYLINDRICAL PRESS:

14.  POWER DRIVEN CYLINDRICAL PRESS:

15.  OFFSET PRESS:

16.  INDIA &theWORLD of PRINT:
India has a very old and rich tradition of hand-
written manuscript in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian
as well asVernacular Languages (local/regional
languages).
Problems with handwritten books:
expensive / fragile / script written in different
styles.
First print in India is theTamil book at cochin in
1579 by Catholics.

17.  THE FIRST:
 Malyalam book, in 1773, by catholics.
 Regular Periodic text – Hickey’s Bengal
Gazette, in English, in late 17th century.
 Newspaper , Bengal Gazette, by gangadhar
bhattacharya.
 Ramcharitmanas byTulsidas published in 1810.