Q Describe the 2 types of homologs. (1) Orthologs (2) ParalogsS.pdf

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Q: Describe the 2 types of homologs. (1) Orthologs (2) Paralogs Solution 1. Orthologs: These are genes found in different species that resulted from speciation of a common ancestral gene. During this event of evolution, the orthologs retain their original function. 2. Paralogs: These genes are resulted from duplication event with a genome. And during the evolution, paralogs evolve to attain new function unlike orthologs..

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Which of the following correctly states the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum ? lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and synthesis of the lipid components of lipoproteins absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats. storage of calcium ions synthesis of the cell\'s membranes Solution As per the given options rough endoplasmic reticulum functions are :- 2) Absorbtion, synthesis and transport of fats & 4) Synthesis of cell membranes Generally, the eucaryotic cell contains two types of endoplasmic reticulum i) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum why named as rough means it contains ribosomes on it so, the surface of the reticulum looks rough. The main function of the rough ER is protein synthesis due to the ribosomes. Rough ER through the membrane contact sites contact with the other organells allowing the transfer of lipids and other small molecules. The intestinal cells, pancreatic cells, which involves in the absorption process contains more rough ER why because the proteins synthesized by the Rough ER involved in the intracellular transport of resynthesized lipids.So the rough ER indirectly helps in the absorption process. ii)Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:- Due to the absence of ribosomes it looks smooth so named as smooth ER. The main role is lipid metabolism, and synthesis of carbohydrates and steroid harmones and storage of calcium ions So, in the given question the first option(Lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, synthesis of lipid components of lipo proteins) indicates smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum functions 2nd option Absorbtion, synthesis and transport of fats indicates Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum functions 3rd Option Indicates(Storage of Calcium ions) smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum functions 4th Option is synthesis of cell membrane, For this function the main role of rough Endoplasmic reticulum is during the lipid transport the replenishment of new membranes is done by the morphological change of rough endoplasmic reticulum involved..

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What is isomerism? How many kinds are there? Define each kind and explain with examples? What is isomerism? How many kinds are there? Define each kind and explain with examples? Solution The process of isomerism involves the isomers .These are basically defined as the molecules which have the same molecular formula but they usually possess a different arrangement of the atoms in space. They are of two types: 1.Constitutional isomers :They are defined as the compounds in which the various atoms are connected or bonded in a different manner .They are also called as structural isomers 2.Stereoisomers:On the other hand ,they are the compounds which differ on the basis of orientation in space.They are of two types a)Enantiomers :They are the compounds which are usually a mirror image of one another and thehese mirror images are also non-superimposable b)Diastereomers :They are isomers which are not mirror images of one another.Moreover these compounds are non-superimposable. They are of two types: cis and trans ->Cis-isomers are the isomers which usually contain atoms which are oriented on the same side of a bond. ->On the other hand the Trans-isomers are the compounds that have atoms oriented on opposite sides of a bond.

What is isomerism How many kinds are there Define each kind and.pdf

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What is the definition of the words, and state the difference between them if there is: 1- D-Flip Flop 2- Register 3- Equality 4- Counter 5- Adder 6- Multiplexer What is the definition of the words, and state the difference between them if there is: 1- D-Flip Flop 2- Register 3- Equality 4- Counter 5- Adder 6- Multiplexer What is the definition of the words, and state the difference between them if there is: 1- D-Flip Flop 2- Register 3- Equality 4- Counter 5- Adder 6- Multiplexer Solution 1. The D flip-flop tracks the input, making transitions with match those of the input D. The D stands for \"data\"; this flip-flop stores the value that is on the data line. It can be thought of as a basic memory cell. The Q output always takes on the state of the D input at the moment of a rising clock edge. (or falling edge if the clock input is active low). 2. A register is a group of binary cells suitable for holding binary information. A group of cascaded flip flops used to store related bits of information is known as a register. 4. A counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Each pulse applied to the clock input increments or decrements the number in the counter. 5. An adder, also called summer, is a digital circuit that performs addition of n-bit binary numbers. 6. A multiplexer (or mux) is a device that selects one of several analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line. A multiplexer of 2n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to the output..

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Two sources of radio waves (call them 1 and 2) are separated by a distance d along the a-axis in the plane, and emit sinusoidal waves of the same wavelength A and frequency f in the N (+y), S (-y), E (+x), and W (-x) directions. Suppose that we want to arrange the sources to broadcast a signal in the E direction, but not the W. Can this be accomplished? If so, how? In not, why? Solution both the sources are identicle and emit in all direction N,S,E,W. by introducing a path difference equal to half wave length the waves will have distructive interference and signal is destroyed but this happens in both the direction E nd W equally. Hence it is not possible to arrnge the sources such that we have signal only in E nd not in W, the only way to achieve this is to shield the source in W direction or put reflectors in W direction so that all W signal is reflected back to E.

Two sources of radio waves (call them 1 and 2) are separated by a dis.pdf

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Use the information in the table to select the image that represents the structure of B-form DNA. Solution First one represents the B DNA The structure identified by Watson and Crick, is known as B DNA and is believed to be the idealised form of the structure adopted by virtually all DNA in vivo. It is characterized by a helical repeat of 10 bp/turn by the presence of base pairs lying on the helix axis and almost perpendicular to it, and by having well defined, deep major and minor grooves..

Use the information in the table to select the image that represents .pdf

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Triggers can only be used to update table values. PL/SQL blocks have a section used to declare variables. True False Solution Please find the answers below: 1) False; triggers are not only used to update the table values, but also they are being used in many places like: generating derived column, enforcing referential integrity, imposing security authorizations, etc... 2) True; PL/SQL has a dedicated section where the variables are being declared. The blocks name is DECLARE block, which comes before the actual code of statements which is defined in a BEGIN - END blocks..

Triggers can only be used to update table values. PLSQL blocks have.pdf

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TB is a major worldwide disease with new cases arising at an alarming rate, What factors can account for this and what lays behind the trend of multidrug resistant strains of mycobacterium? please cite reference. Solution Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacteriam tuberculosis. TB is one of the most common cause of death due to infection of the mycobacteriam species.various factor have been found to develop resistance against M. tuberculosis. resistance means simply afterwards that drug potency in terms of pharmacological response will be decresed gradually and at certain level it will not active against the strain. There are two types of resistance 1. natural resistance and second is aquired resistance. natural resistance is found on wild strain. multidrug resistance is the phase in which strain is not responsive against primary line therapy of disease. factor which induced resistance gene factor In a recent year study suggest that the patient who shows the presence of HLA -DRB1 13 and HLA-DRB 1 14 has two fold risk to develop resistance against strain.(Park et al.) Incomplete and inadequate mangment Review of literature suggests that the most powerful factor of MDR-TB is a history of treatment of tuberculosis(diagnosis). TB patients get treated with DOTS regimens not only through the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), but also receive treatment from private medical doctors. Irregular, incomplete, inadequate treatment is the commonest mean of acquiring drug resistant due to improper mangment of drug mostly organism develop the resistnacce against drug eg. use of single drug to treat tb is the fetal cause to develope resistance against organisms.it may be due to ignorance. anothe common error in prescription error it may like additions syndromes. Inadequate treatment compliance : the change over form has complied a significant effece in development of drug resistance it was observed that only 44 per cent of the patients receiving short-course treatment (n=2300) and 36 per cent of those receiving standard chemotherapy (n=1000) completed 81 per cent or more of their treatment. Noncompliance with prescribed treatment is often underestimated by the physician and is difficult to predict. On the other hand, certain factors such as psychiatric illness, alcoholism, drug addiction and homelessness do predict noncompliance .The drug defaulter, just like placebo reactor is not a consistent or readily identified person demographic factors such as ,sex, age, marital status,socio-economic status and education levelhave not been found to correlate with the degree of compliance..

TB is a major worldwide disease with new cases arising at an alarmin.pdf

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7. How did printing technology impact literacy and education? Solution 7. How did printing technology impact literacy and education? Printing technology impacted literacy and education. Printing transformend the world and made very important changes. Previously people don\'t have much access to information. They used to write. So, the books are expensive. In 15th century Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing machine and made it available to world. Not all are rich enough to buy hand written books till 15th century. As books are expensive so does literacy. To learn to read and write, need to refer to books. When this printing machine came to availability, books became cheap and affordable. Then on wards the barrier of high cost had gone. Source of knowledge are hand written papers or books besides people. Information is not so much available. Again because of expensive things. When printing is available news papers came into picture and from then on people had one more source of knowledge which is cheaper. In this way printing technology impact literacy and education..

7. How did printing technology impact literacy and educationSol.pdf

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Question 1////Theories of Law Subject __________ is a collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provides resources, expertise, and information with the goal of maximizing its capabilities to detect, prevent and respond to terrorist activities. State patrol Federal investigations units Fusion centers DHS 2 points Question 2 By 2008, the TSA had supplied about 43,000 __________ in an effort to secure air transportation systems. police officers U.S. coast guard agents border patrol agents security personnel 2 points Question 3 The average life expectancy of a police officer is __________ years old. 62 49 57 40 2 points Question 4 The Department of Justice oversees all of the following agencies EXCEPT: the Federal Bureau of Investigation. the U.S. Marshals Service. the Drug Enforcement Administration. the Financial Crimes Network. 2 points Question 5 The most controversial method of ending job discrimination is the concept of __________. affirmative action reverse discrimination adverse impact double marginality 2 points Question 6 On average, about __________of full-time sworn personnel in a local police department are female. 88.7% 10.2% 2.7% 11.3% 2 points Question 7 The police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of __________. omniscience omnipresence patrolling fear 2 points Question 8 Klockars defines the basic functions of policing as: dealing with all those problems that may require the use of coercive force. patrolling on foot throughout local neighborhoods. arresting persons for crimes of vandalism. arresting persons for violent offenses. 2 points Question 9 The position of the Patrol Sergeant falls under the __________ in the chain of command from Chief to Patrol officer. Patrol Lieutenant Operations Captain Chief of Police First Lieutenant 2 points Question 10 The Supreme Court ruled that police may stop automobiles based on reasonable suspicion in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a crime was being committed. a traffic violation occurred. a random routine stop. all citizens are subject to the stop. 2 points Question 11 The __________ is considered one of the most important units in investigating terrorism in the U.S. FBI-Joint Terrorist Task Force ATF Department of Homeland Security National Counterterrorism Center 2 points Question 12 Studies have indicated that laws establishing administrative license revocations have helped reduce alcohol-related crashes by __________ percent. 30 40 20 60 2 points Question 13 Which of the following is NOT one of the FBI\'s post-9/11 priorities? To protect civil rights To combat terrorism against the United States To protect the U.S. against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes To monitor the flow of trade and travel 2 points Question 14 __________ is the process of running an organization so that the organization can accomplish its goals. Bureaucracy Management Structure Coordinating 2 points Question 15 In the early days of policing in England, the watchmen in a.

Question 1Theories of Law Subject__________ is a collaborative.pdf

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Please fix the java code (using eclipse)package hw4p1;import jav.pdf

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Overview You are tasked with writing a program called Social Security that prompts the user to enter the data (name and date-ofbirth)for a collection of people. The program will then process this collection (array) of People (objects we create in another file) to determine who qualifies for Social Security benefits. Specifications For our Social Security program we will need two java files 1. Person java The person class which stores the data for a specific individual 2. SocialSecurity.java (The driver) Details for these two class files appear below. Person ava UML diagram name: String birthdate: LocalDate Person0 Person (newName: String, month: int, day: int, year: int) NetName newName: String) void getName(): String set BirthDate month int, day: int, year int) void get BirthDate 0 LocalDate toString(): String calculate Age(myBirth LocalDate) int Person ava method description Two constructors 1. A Default constructor that creates a Person whose name and birthdate are set to null. 2. A parameterized constructor that accepts a String representation of the name, and three integers corresponding to the month, day, and year in which the person was born. Setters and getters for the two instance variables. A toString0 method that prints the person in the form dob Solution import java.time.LocalDate; import java.time.Period; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.Scanner; class Person { String name; LocalDate birthdate; public Person() { super(); } public Person(String name, int month, int day, int year) { super(); this.name = name; this.birthdate = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public LocalDate getBirthdate() { return birthdate; } public void setBirthdate(int month, int day, int year) { this.birthdate = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } @Override public String toString() { DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(\"MM/dd/yyyy\"); birthdate.format(formatter); return \"Person [name=\" + name + \", birthdate=\" + birthdate + \"]\"; } public int calculateAge() { return Period.between(birthdate, LocalDate.now()).getYears(); } public void qualifySSN() { if(this.calculateAge()>66) System.out.println(\"Qualifies for Social Security Benifits\"); else System.out.println(\"Doesnot qualifies for Social Security Benefits\"); } } public class SocialSecurity { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length > 1) System.out.println(\"Invalid number of command line arguments\"); int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); Person[] p = new Person[num]; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in).useDelimiter(\"\\\ \"); ; for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { System.out.println(\"enter persons name\"); String name = in.next(); System.out.println(\"enter date of birth in the format Month Day Year\"); String dob = in.next(); String[] temp = dob.split(\" \"); p[i] = new Person(name, Integer.parseInt(temp[0]), Integer.parseInt(temp[1]), Integer.pa.

Overview You are tasked with writing a program called Social Security.pdf

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A geneticist Dr. O. Sophila discovers a new mutation that causes the flies to shake and quiver. She calls this mutation spastic (sps) and determines that spastic is due to an autosomal recessive mutation. She wants to determine if the spastic gene is linked to the gene for vestigial wings (vg) - also a recessive phenotype. She has true breeding stocks for each kind of mutations. She crosses a spastic fly with a vestigial wing fly and then uses the resulting F1 females in a testcross. She obtains the following F2 flies from the testcross: Spastic with normal wings 230 NonSpastic with vestigial wings 224 Spastic with vestigial wings 97 NonSpastic with normal wings 99 Are the genes that cause vestigial wings and the spastic mutation linked? Provide the rationale to your answer. What is the genotype and phenotype of F1 females? Annotate the genotype notation illustrates whether sps and vg alleles are in cis or trans arrangement to each other. What is(are) phenotype(s) of th Solution Answer: 3.1) Spastic (recessive) = s; Nonspastic (dominant)=s+ Vestigial wings (recessive)= v; Normal wings(dominant) = V ssVV (spastic fly) x s+ s+ vv (Vestigial wings)-----P sV s+v----------------------------gametes s+sVv (nonspastic, normal wing)---------F1 F1 X ssvv------------Test cross. During test cross, all the progeny should be in equal proportion, but it is not the case. So the genes were linked. 3.2). F1 phenotype= nonspastic, normal wing Genotyope: s+sVv Recessive allele of one gene and dominant allele of the other gene present on the same chromosome, so the configuration of the genes is trans configuration. 3.3). The recombinant phenotypes of F2 files are= spastic with vestigial wings and nonspastic with normal wings 3.4). spastic with normal wings = ss Vv Nonspastic with vestigial wings = s+svv Spastic with vestigial wings = ssvv Nonspastic with normal wings= s+sVv 3.5). %Recombinant frequency = map distance (map units) Recombinat frequency = (total number of recombinants / Total progeny)100 = 97+99 = (196/650)100 = 30.15% The genetic distance between the v and s genes is 30.15 map units.

A geneticist Dr. O. Sophila discovers a new mutation that causes the .pdf

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o Dfe the cefcien of hermal expansion. What is the relation between the linear and the volumetric coefficients of thermal expansion? Solution is the ratio of the fractional change in size of a material to its change in temperature; is represented by the symbol (alpha) for solids and (beta) for liquids. relation between linear and volumetric coefficients of thermal expansion is that V=3L Where, V = volumetric coefficients of thermal expansion L = linear coefficients of thermal expansion.

o Dfe the cefcien of hermal expansion. What is the relation between t.pdf

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Monohybrid crosses with incomplete dominance and co-dominance The red and white alleles for the snapdragon flower color gene exhibit incomplete dominance. When pink flowers were produced from red- and white-flowered parents, early geneticists thought this might represent \"blending inheritance, \" where the hereditary information from one parent melded with the information from the other. Use Punnett Squares to determine the phenotype ratios in snapdragon offspring from the following crosses, that show that blending inheritance is not an accurate way to characterize this situation. define the notation (letters) you will use: pink x pink (if blending inheritance were accurate, we would predict that all offspring would be pink) pink x red (if blending inheritance were accurate, we would predict that all offspring would be dark pink) Solution A cross between pink and pink flower plants. The genotype of pink flower plants would be Rr (R allele for red colour and r allele for white colour). A case of incomplete dominance. The gamete formation results in R and r genotypes And the offsprings will be red ,pink, white in the ratio of 1:2:1 respectively. All offsprings are not pink. There is segregation of alleles during gamete formation, that results in new combination of genes in tha offsprings. Here alleles for red and white colour were present in the parents and their offsprings also contains new combination of alleles. A cross between red and pink flower plants. The genotype red is RR and pink is Rr. The cross between the two results in red and pink flowere in equal ratio 2:2. Here the alleles were present for red and white colour in the parents RR X Rr. There is no occurance of blending inheritance, Here the concerned genes for red (RR) and white (rr) colour show incompletee dominance when come together in an organism and shows pink colour (Rr). This does not mean that it happens in all conditions, as the conditions are exceptional cases. Here the heterozygote (Rr) posses genes for both red and white colour and when self crossed results in new combination of genes due to their segregation during gamete formation and homozygous condition will be retained in some plants (RR and rr) that results in red and white flowers.RrRRRRrrRrrr.

Monohybrid crosses with incomplete dominance and co-dominance The red.pdf

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Match the tissues in column A with the characteristics in (Some answers may be used more than once.) a. Simple columnar epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple squamous epithelium d. Pscudostratifled columnar epithelium e. Stratified squamous epithelium f. Stratified columnar epithelium g. Stratified cuboidal epithelium h. Transitional epithelium 1. Consists of several layers of cube-shaped, elongated, and irregular cells, allowing an expandable lining Commonly possesses cilia that move dust and mucus out of the respiratory airways Single layer of flattened cells Single row of elongated cells, but some cells don\'t reach the free surface Forms walls of capillaries and air sacs of lungs Provides lining of urethra of males and parts of pharynx Provides abrasion protection of skin epidermis and oral cavity Forms inner lining of urinary bladder and ureters 9. Lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands 10. Forms lining of stomach and intestines 11. Two or three layers of cube-shaped cells 12. Forms lining of oral cavity, anal canal, and vagina Solution A. Simple columnar epithelium- forms single layer of flattened cells, forms the inner lining of stomach and intestines. B. Simple cuboidal epithelium- Lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands- found in area where secretions and absorption occurs C. Simple squamous epithelium- single layer of flattened cells, 5. Forms walls of capillaries and air sacs of lungs D.Pseudostratified columnar epithelium- commonly possesses cilia that move dust and mucus out of the respiratory airway , 4. Single raw of elongated cells but some don\'t reach the free surface. E. Stratified squamous epithelium- 12. Forms lining of oral cavity, anal canal and vagina7. Provides abrasion protection of skin epidermis and oral cavity. F. Stratified columnar epithelium- 6. Provides lining of urethra and pharynx G. Stratified cuboidal epithelium- 11. Two or three layers of cube shaped cells. H. Transitional epithelium- 1. Consists of several layers of cube shaped, elongated and irregular cells, allowing an expandable lining..

Match the tissues in column A with the characteristics in (Some answe.pdf

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Jumbo shrimp are those that require 10 to 15 shrimp to make a pound. Suppose that the number of jumbo shrimp in a 1-pound bag averages ? = 12.5 with a standard deviation of ? =1, and forms a normal distribution. What is the probability of randomly picking a sample on n=25 1-pound bags that average more than M=13 shrimp per bag? Solution P(xbar>13) = P((xbar-mean)/(s/vn) >(13-12.5)/(1/5)) =P(Z>2.5) = 0.0062 (from standard normal table).

Jumbo shrimp are those that require 10 to 15 shrimp to make a pound..pdf

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In metaphase 1 of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes line up side by side along the equator so that (a) crossing-over (exchange of DNA regions) can occur between the homologous pairs and (b) the homologous chromosomes can be pulled to opposite poles during anaphase 1. In mitosis, by contrast, homologous chromosomes line up single-file along the equator. What benefits are derived from these two different ways that homologous chromosomes are positioned at metaphase in meiosis and mitosis? Solution The equatorial arrangement of chromosomes make the cell divisions to occur more symmetrically. This chromosomal alignment is the keyspot of metazoan cell divisions. The spindle fibers in both mitosis and meiosis relocate the metaphase plates if they are not properly arranged. Homologous chromosomes functions differently in both mitosis and meiosis. The homologous chromosomes in mitosis do not pair with eachother like they do in meiosis. They line up independently at the equatorial plate whereas in meiosis they occur in pairs. The chances of chromosomes to cross one another by mitotic recombination is very rare..

In metaphase 1 of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes line up side by.pdf

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Implement the sequence class from Section 3.2 of the textbook. The documentation and definition portion of this sequence ADT is provided in textbook (pp.124-133), and is posted in BlackBoard of this class too. Also implement two operators + and += for the ADT. For the + operator, x+y (a new sequence) contains all the items of x, followed by all the items of Y. The statement x += y appends all of the items of y to the end of what’s already in X. For simplicity, let’s assume the sequence contains integer items and the capacity is 30. Write a simple application to manage a playlist of your favorite music, where the sequence class is used to insert, delete, search and print the title of music. Your application should read in integral numbers (an ID, instead of title, for simplicity) of each piece of music and insert them onto a sequence. It should be able to insert an item at a specified location, find and display the music currently at play, delete a specified item from the sequence as well as display the entire list of music in the sequence. // FILE: sequence1.h // CLASS PROVIDED: sequence (part of the namespace main_savitch_3) // There is no implementation file provided for this class since it is // an exercise from Section 3.2 of \"Data Structures and Other Objects Using C++\" // // TYPEDEFS and MEMBER CONSTANTS for the sequence class: // typedef ____ value_type // sequence::value_type is the data type of the items in the sequence. It // may be any of the C++ built-in types (int, char, etc.), or a class with a // default constructor, an assignment operator, and a copy constructor. // // typedef ____ size_type // sequence::size_type is the data type of any variable that keeps track of // how many items are in a sequence. // // static const size_type CAPACITY = _____ // sequence::CAPACITY is the maximum number of items that a sequence can hold. // // CONSTRUCTOR for the sequence class: // sequence( ) // Postcondition: The sequence has been initialized as an empty sequence. // // MODIFICATION MEMBER FUNCTIONS for the sequence class: // void start( ) // Postcondition: The first item on the sequence becomes the current item // (but if the sequence is empty, then there is no current item). // // void advance( ) // Precondition: is_item returns true. // Postcondition: If the current item was already the last item in the // sequence, then there is no longer any current item. Otherwise, the new // current item is the item immediately after the original current item. // // void insert(const value_type& entry) // Precondition: size( ) < CAPACITY. // Postcondition: A new copy of entry has been inserted in the sequence // before the current item. If there was no current item, then the new entry // has been inserted at the front of the sequence. In either case, the newly // inserted item is now the current item of the sequence. // // void attach(const value_type& entry) // Precondition: size( ) < CAPACITY. // Postcondition: A new copy of entry has been ins.

Implement the sequence class from Section 3.2 of the textbook. The d.pdf

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Gene frequencies for the ABO alleles vary geographically. For example the I^A allele makes up nearly 50% of the genes for blood type among Australian Aborigines, about 25% in Central Asian populations, and 0% in peoples native to South America. No blood type has sufficient selective advantage over another to explain these regional differences. From these facts, what can you infer about the history of our species Did humanity develop as a large and continuous population spreading out across the planet, or did we disperse while still living in small scattered groups Solution Based on the above data human population developed as small, some of them scattered into small groups and acclimatised to new geographical area. In each group some dominant blood alleles become predominant and become major allele in that population during course of time. This is the reason for differences in gene frequencies.

Gene frequencies for the ABO alleles vary geographically. For exa.pdf

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Explain the factors that determine the binding specificity between the enzyme and substrate? Solution (1) the substrate should be specific to the enzymes active binding site.. (2) the substrate and the enzymes should be able to undergo the needful confitmational changes for for proper binding.. (3) the binding should be no-covalent in nature so that the substrate should easily be removed after the process done to allow the enzymes to bind the other substrate.. (4) the Km value of the enzymes should be less to allow the binding at a lower substrate concentration too...

Explain the factors that determine the binding specificity between t.pdf

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