This document discusses research on assessment in distance education, web-based learning, and e-learning. It summarizes that: - Studies took place in several countries and involved undergraduate, graduate, and PhD students as well as staff. - Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected through various methods like surveys, interviews, and tests and analyzed using basic statistical analysis and coding themes. - Findings, discussion of findings, conclusions, implications, and limitations are presented but not described in detail. - References are provided citing research on the use of online and offline formative assessment.