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The wrist joint is a complex synovial joint that connects the hand to the forearm. It involves the distal end of the radius articulating with the three proximal carpal bones. The joint is ellipsoid in shape, with convex carpal bone surfaces articulating with the concave radius surface. Ligaments like the radiocarpal and collateral ligaments provide stability. Nerves like the median and arteries supply the joint. Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction occur at the wrist and midcarpal joints to allow movement, though rotation is limited due to joint shape. Common clinical issues include dislocations, fractures and carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Wrist Joint
The wrist joint, or radiocarpal joint, connects the forearm to the hand. It is formed by the distal end of the radius articulating with the proximal row of carpal bones. The ulna does not directly articulate with the wrist joint. The wrist joint allows for flexion, extension, adduction and abduction through movement along two axes. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid, anterior dislocation of the lunate, and Colles' fractures of the radius.
The wrist joint
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex synovial joint that involves the distal end of the radius, articular disc, and three carpal bones. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements and is supplied by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius.
Wrist Joint.....2021.pdf
The wrist joint is a complex biaxial joint between the carpal bones and the distal end of the radius. It allows for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction motions. Key structures include the articular surfaces of the radius, triangular articular disc, and proximal carpal bones. The joint is surrounded by ligaments including the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. Common injuries include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius. Ganglions also sometimes develop as cysts near the joint.
Anatomy Of Wrist joint
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, connects the forearm to the hand. It is a synovial joint that allows for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction movements. The wrist joint is formed by the articulation of the distal radius and articular disk proximally with the proximal row of carpal bones distally. It is surrounded by a joint capsule and strengthened by four ligaments. The wrist joint receives its blood supply from the dorsal and palmar carpal arches and is innervated by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves.
Wrist Joint by Thirumurugan MSc Professor
Wrist Joint:
• Definition: The wrist joint (also known as the radio carpal joint) is a synovial joint in the upper limb, making connection between the forearm and the hand.
• Structures of the Wrist Joint:
Articulating Surfaces: The wrist joint is formed by:
Distally: The proximal row of the carpal bones (except the pisiform).
Proximally: The distal end of the radius, and the articular disk (see below).
The ulna is not part of the wrist joint: ulna articulates with the radius at the distal radioulnar joint. It is prevented from articulating with the carpal bones by a fibro cartilaginous ligament, called the articular disk, which lies over the superior surface of the ulna.
Together, the carpal bones form a convex surface, which articulates with the concave surface of the radius and articular disk.
Joint Capsule:
Like any synovial joint, the capsule is dual layered.
The outer fibrous layer attaches to the radius, ulna and the proximal row of the carpal bones.
The internal layer is comprised of a synovial membrane, secreting synovial fluid which lubricates the joint.
Ligaments: There are four ligaments of note in the wrist joint, one for each side of the joint
1. Palmar radiocarpal: Found on the palmar (anterior) side of the hand. It passes from the radius to both rows of carpal bones. Its function, apart from increasing stability, is to ensure that the hand follows the forearm during supination.
2. Dorsal radiocarpal: Found on the dorsum (posterior) side of the hand. It passes from the radius to both rows of carpal bones. It contributes to the stability of the wrist, but also ensures that the hand follows the forearm during pronation.
3. Ulnar collateral: Runs from the ulnar styloid process to the triquetrum and pisiform. It acts to prevent excessive radial (lateral) deviation of the hand.
4. Radial collateral: Runs from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium. It acts to prevent excessive ulnar (medial) deviation of the hand.
Blood Supply:
The wrist joint receives blood from branches of the dorsal and palmar carpal arches, which are derived from the ulnar and radial arteries
Nerve supply: Innervation to the wrist is delivered by branches of three nerves:
1. Median nerve – Anterior interosseous branch.
2. Radial nerve – Posterior interosseous branch.
3. Ulnar nerve – deep and dorsal branches.
Movements of the Wrist Joint:
The wrist is a condyloid type synovial joint, allowing for movement along two axes. This means that flexion, extension, adduction and abduction can all occur at the wrist joint.
All the movements of the wrist are performed by the muscles of the forearm.
1. Flexion – Produced mainly by the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, with assistance from the flexor digitorum superficialis.
2. Extension – Produced mainly by the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris, with assistance from the extensor digitorum.
3. Adduction
Trick movements of wrist joint
This document provides information about the anatomy and biomechanics of the wrist joint. It discusses the following key points:
1. The wrist joint is made up of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, which allow for fine adjustment of grip. It has ligaments and muscles that provide stability and control rather than maximize torque.
2. The wrist joint involves the lower end of the radius articulating with three carpal bones. It is stabilized by various intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments. Flexion and extension occurs in the sagittal plane while ulnar and radial deviation occurs in the coronal plane.
3. During flexion and extension, the convex lunate bone rolls and slides on the
Trick movements of wrist joint
This document provides information about the anatomy and kinesiology of the wrist joint. It discusses the following key points:
1. The wrist joint is made up of the radiocarpal joint between the radius and carpal bones, and the midcarpal joint between carpal bones.
2. Ligaments connecting the radius, ulna, carpals and metacarpals provide stability to the joint. Muscles crossing the volar and dorsal aspects of the wrist allow for flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation motions.
3. Kinesiologically, flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis. Ulnar and radial deviation occur in the cor
Biomechanics of wrist joint
The document provides information on the biomechanics of the wrist joint. It discusses the basic anatomy including the ligaments and muscles. It describes the two joints of the wrist complex - the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. It details the range of motion of the wrist in flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation. It explains the osteokinematics and arthrokinematics of wrist movement including the convex-concave rule and how the bones roll and slide during flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation.
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Wrist Joint
The wrist joint, or radiocarpal joint, connects the forearm to the hand. It is formed by the distal end of the radius articulating with the proximal row of carpal bones. The ulna does not directly articulate with the wrist joint. The wrist joint allows for flexion, extension, adduction and abduction through movement along two axes. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid, anterior dislocation of the lunate, and Colles' fractures of the radius.
The wrist joint
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex synovial joint that involves the distal end of the radius, articular disc, and three carpal bones. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements and is supplied by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius.
Wrist Joint.....2021.pdf
The wrist joint is a complex biaxial joint between the carpal bones and the distal end of the radius. It allows for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction motions. Key structures include the articular surfaces of the radius, triangular articular disc, and proximal carpal bones. The joint is surrounded by ligaments including the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. Common injuries include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius. Ganglions also sometimes develop as cysts near the joint.
Anatomy Of Wrist joint
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, connects the forearm to the hand. It is a synovial joint that allows for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction movements. The wrist joint is formed by the articulation of the distal radius and articular disk proximally with the proximal row of carpal bones distally. It is surrounded by a joint capsule and strengthened by four ligaments. The wrist joint receives its blood supply from the dorsal and palmar carpal arches and is innervated by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves.
Wrist Joint by Thirumurugan MSc Professor
Wrist Joint:
• Definition: The wrist joint (also known as the radio carpal joint) is a synovial joint in the upper limb, making connection between the forearm and the hand.
• Structures of the Wrist Joint:
Articulating Surfaces: The wrist joint is formed by:
Distally: The proximal row of the carpal bones (except the pisiform).
Proximally: The distal end of the radius, and the articular disk (see below).
The ulna is not part of the wrist joint: ulna articulates with the radius at the distal radioulnar joint. It is prevented from articulating with the carpal bones by a fibro cartilaginous ligament, called the articular disk, which lies over the superior surface of the ulna.
Together, the carpal bones form a convex surface, which articulates with the concave surface of the radius and articular disk.
Joint Capsule:
Like any synovial joint, the capsule is dual layered.
The outer fibrous layer attaches to the radius, ulna and the proximal row of the carpal bones.
The internal layer is comprised of a synovial membrane, secreting synovial fluid which lubricates the joint.
Ligaments: There are four ligaments of note in the wrist joint, one for each side of the joint
1. Palmar radiocarpal: Found on the palmar (anterior) side of the hand. It passes from the radius to both rows of carpal bones. Its function, apart from increasing stability, is to ensure that the hand follows the forearm during supination.
2. Dorsal radiocarpal: Found on the dorsum (posterior) side of the hand. It passes from the radius to both rows of carpal bones. It contributes to the stability of the wrist, but also ensures that the hand follows the forearm during pronation.
3. Ulnar collateral: Runs from the ulnar styloid process to the triquetrum and pisiform. It acts to prevent excessive radial (lateral) deviation of the hand.
4. Radial collateral: Runs from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium. It acts to prevent excessive ulnar (medial) deviation of the hand.
Blood Supply:
The wrist joint receives blood from branches of the dorsal and palmar carpal arches, which are derived from the ulnar and radial arteries
Nerve supply: Innervation to the wrist is delivered by branches of three nerves:
1. Median nerve – Anterior interosseous branch.
2. Radial nerve – Posterior interosseous branch.
3. Ulnar nerve – deep and dorsal branches.
Movements of the Wrist Joint:
The wrist is a condyloid type synovial joint, allowing for movement along two axes. This means that flexion, extension, adduction and abduction can all occur at the wrist joint.
All the movements of the wrist are performed by the muscles of the forearm.
1. Flexion – Produced mainly by the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, with assistance from the flexor digitorum superficialis.
2. Extension – Produced mainly by the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris, with assistance from the extensor digitorum.
3. Adduction
Trick movements of wrist joint
This document provides information about the anatomy and biomechanics of the wrist joint. It discusses the following key points:
1. The wrist joint is made up of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, which allow for fine adjustment of grip. It has ligaments and muscles that provide stability and control rather than maximize torque.
2. The wrist joint involves the lower end of the radius articulating with three carpal bones. It is stabilized by various intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments. Flexion and extension occurs in the sagittal plane while ulnar and radial deviation occurs in the coronal plane.
3. During flexion and extension, the convex lunate bone rolls and slides on the
Trick movements of wrist joint
This document provides information about the anatomy and kinesiology of the wrist joint. It discusses the following key points:
1. The wrist joint is made up of the radiocarpal joint between the radius and carpal bones, and the midcarpal joint between carpal bones.
2. Ligaments connecting the radius, ulna, carpals and metacarpals provide stability to the joint. Muscles crossing the volar and dorsal aspects of the wrist allow for flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation motions.
3. Kinesiologically, flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis. Ulnar and radial deviation occur in the cor
Biomechanics of wrist joint
The document provides information on the biomechanics of the wrist joint. It discusses the basic anatomy including the ligaments and muscles. It describes the two joints of the wrist complex - the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. It details the range of motion of the wrist in flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation. It explains the osteokinematics and arthrokinematics of wrist movement including the convex-concave rule and how the bones roll and slide during flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from damage to the brain from an external force and causes physical, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional impairments. Occupational therapy focuses on managing TBI through evaluating patients using scales like the Glasgow Coma Scale and Rancho Los Amigos Scale. Treatment involves positioning, range of motion exercises, and sensory stimulation in acute stages. In rehabilitation, therapists improve motor and cognitive functioning through meaningful tasks and environmental adaptations to increase independence. Post-acute care emphasizes community reintegration through cognitive strategies, equipment, and leisure activities.
رهبلتيشن.pdf
This document discusses the techniques and goals of chest physiotherapy. It defines chest physiotherapy as a group of therapies that mobilize pulmonary secretions, including postural drainage, breathing exercises, chest percussion, vibration, shaking, huffing, coughing, and high frequency chest compression. The goals of chest physiotherapy are to reduce airway obstruction, prevent secretion accumulation, improve secretion mobilization, and maintain chest mobility and respiratory muscle strength. The document outlines indications for chest physiotherapy in postoperative patients, those with neurological issues or respiratory disorders, as well as contraindications for those with certain medical conditions. It provides details on techniques such as postural drainage, chest percussion, vibration, shaking, huffing, coughing,
OT for multiple sclerosis.pdf
This document discusses occupational therapy for multiple sclerosis. It defines MS as a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. There are four types of MS based on progression: benign, relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive. Occupational therapy can help with activities of daily living, home management, and work tasks affected by MS symptoms like fatigue, cognitive issues, and physical impairment. The goal is to create individualized plans and physical activity regimens to maintain function and prevent further decline. Occupational therapy addresses issues like fatigue management, cognitive rehabilitation, home modifications, and adaptive equipment for feeding, dressing, and hobbies.
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This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), which over 58 million Americans have at least one form of. The major underlying cause of CHD is atherosclerosis, a slow, progressive disease beginning in childhood. Plaque forms in artery walls in response to endothelial injury. Risk factors include age, family history, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, inactivity, obesity, and abnormal blood lipids. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, physical activity, and weight control can help lower risk, as well as medications like statins for those with high LDL cholesterol.
4-CPT.pdf
This document outlines physiotherapy protocols for patients in the ICU. It discusses the goals and techniques of chest physiotherapy, including postural drainage, percussion, shaking, and vibration. Postural drainage positions secretions using gravity by positioning patients differently. Percussion and vibration help loosen secretions, while shaking mobilizes secretions during expiration. The document provides details on performing each technique and their indications and contraindications. The overall goal is to improve lung function and clearance of secretions through manual techniques administered by a clinician.
Schistosoma -.pdf
This document discusses the parasite Schistosoma, which causes schistosomiasis (bilharzia). It details the morphology, life cycle, transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the three main species (S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum) that infect humans. The life cycle involves freshwater snails shedding cercariae that penetrate human skin, mature into adult worms in the blood vessels, and release eggs that can cause damage and are excreted in stool or urine to continue the cycle. Diagnosis is via egg identification in stool/urine or tissue biopsy, and treatment involves praziquantel or other
DOC-20220902-WA0004.pdf
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection. It is transmitted directly through sexual contact. In women, it causes an infection of the vagina known as trichomoniasis vaginitis, leading to symptoms like abnormal vaginal discharge and irritation. While infections in men are usually asymptomatic, transmission rates between men and women are equal. The protozoan is anaerobic and flagellated, and viewing it under the microscope is a way to diagnose the infection. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole.
leishmania.pdf
1. The document discusses the developmental forms and life cycles of Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, which cause diseases like cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis in humans.
2. It describes the four developmental forms - amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, and trypomastigote - found in these parasites.
3. The life cycles involve transmission between humans and sand fly vectors, with the parasites transforming between amastigote and promastigote forms in hosts and insects respectively.
malaria.pdf
The document summarizes the life cycle and transmission of malaria parasites. It describes the four main Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans, and their geographic distributions. The life cycle involves both asexual reproduction in the human host and sexual reproduction in Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is transmitted when an infected mosquito bites a human and injects sporozoites. The clinical features of malaria include cyclical fevers, anemia, enlarged liver and spleen, and in severe cases cerebral malaria and respiratory distress. Diagnosis involves examining blood films for parasites and antigen or antibody detection. Treatment is with antimalarial drugs like chloroquine or mefloquine. Prevention involves case management, chemoprophylaxis,
Rehabilitation Post Burn Injury.pdf
The document discusses reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation post burn injury, including the aims and methods of reconstruction such as skin grafts and flaps, as well as the roles of physiotherapists in managing burns through the acute, sub-acute, and chronic phases, with a focus on wound management, scar treatment, range of motion exercises, splinting, and functional rehabilitation.
7- PT pressure ulcers.pptx
1. Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, are areas of damaged skin and underlying tissue that typically form over bony prominences from prolonged pressure and pressure in combination with shear and/or friction.
2. Pressure ulcers are staged from I-IV based on the depth of tissue damage, with stage I being superficial and stage IV involving muscle, tendon or bone.
3. Prevention is focused on pressure redistribution through repositioning, support surfaces, and nutrition, while treatment involves debridement, dressings, and management of underlying risk factors.
8- Psoriasis.pptx
Psoriasis is a skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply too quickly, resulting in red patches covered with silvery scales. It has several types including plaque, guttate, inverse, and pustular psoriasis. Psoriasis is caused by an immune system problem and is not contagious. Treatments include topical creams, light therapy, medications, and managing symptoms. Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory form of arthritis associated with psoriasis that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints. It has no known cause but genetics and environment may play a role. Physical therapy can help with range of motion, strengthening, and reducing pain and swelling.
Hip Injuries.pdf
The document discusses several common hip injuries, including bursitis, snapping hip, and dislocations. Hip bursitis involves inflammation of the bursa sac located between the hip bone and soft tissues. It can result from direct impact or repetitive friction. Symptoms include pain that worsens with activity. Treatment focuses on rest, ice, and modifying activities. Snapping hip causes a snapping noise and feeling from muscle or tendon movement over bone. It may cause pain depending on the location. Treatment focuses on rest, stretching, and form corrections. Hip dislocations are usually caused by trauma and require reduction through manipulation or surgery followed by rehabilitation.
Ankle and Foot Fractures.docx
Ankle and foot fractures are common injuries that require immobilization or surgery followed by physical therapy. Physiotherapists play an important role in rehabilitation by addressing range of motion, strength, and functional mobility deficits caused by fractures and associated soft tissue damage. Treatment involves casting or surgery to properly align bone fragments, followed by progressive weight bearing and exercises under physiotherapy guidance to restore function and prevent long-term issues like osteoarthritis. Outcome measures evaluate factors like pain, activity level, and quality of life to assess recovery.
KYPHOSIS LORDOSIS.pdf
Kyphosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine that causes an exaggerated outward curve. There are different types of kyphosis. Management depends on the degree of curvature and may include conservative treatments like bracing for mild cases, or surgery for severe cases over 75 degrees. Surgery aims to reduce the deformity and relieve pain or neurological symptoms. Physiotherapy including exercises can help strengthen muscles and improve posture. Bracing is only effective for growing children, not adults. Exercises target stretching the hamstrings and upper back as well as strengthening the upper back and improving posture.
principle of physiotherapy surgery.pptx
Principles of physiotherapy in surgery document outlines:
1) Surgery is used to investigate or treat pathological conditions using manual and instrumental techniques. Common operations include gastrectomy, cholecystectomy, and hysterectomy.
2) Pre-operative physiotherapy focuses on assessing respiratory and circulatory function and providing exercises to improve strength, mobility, and posture.
3) Post-operative physiotherapy treatment aims to prevent complications like chest issues and blood clots through breathing exercises, early ambulation, and range of motion exercises. Maintaining good posture and functional mobility are also priorities.
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- 2. vWrist joint anatomy vType vArticulation surface vRelations vLigament vBlood supply vNerve supply vMovement vClinical anatomy
- 3. vThe wrist joint is the radiocarpal joint which is a complex biaxial synovial joint that bridges the hand to the forearm. v• It involves the three carpal bones, the proximal carpal bones - scaphoid, lunate and triquetral. v• It also involves the distal end of the radius and an articular disc which lies over the ulna.
- 5. vIt is the Radio-Carpal Joint, lies at the level of proximal wrist crease. v It is a synovial joint of ellipsoid (condyloid)variety.
- 6. The wrist joint is formed by: Distally -The proximal row of the 3 carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate and triquetral). Proximally -The distal end of the radius, and the articular disc The ulna is not part of the wrist joint.- It is prevented from articulating with the carpal bones by an articular disc , which lies between the ulna & the proximal row of carpal bones. Together, the carpal bones form a convex surface, which articulates with the concave surface of the radius and articular disc.
- 7. Antirior flexor digitorum superficialis flexor pollicis longus Median nerve flexor carpi radialis Ulnar nerve and vessels posterior ExtensorTendons OfWrist And Fingers, And Associated Synovial Sheaths. lateral Radial artery (across the radial collateral ligament). Tendon of abductor pollicis longus. Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis medial Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve.
- 8. vJoint capsule(capsular ligament) vPalmar radiocarpal ligament vDorsal radiocarpal ligament vUlnar collateral ligament(UCL) vRadial collateral ligament(RCL)
- 9. vLike any synovial joint, the capsule is double layered. vThe fibrous outer layer attaches to the distal ends of radius, ulna and the proximal row of the carpal bones. vThe internal layer, synovial membrane extends up to the margins of the articular surfaces.
- 10. L.P
- 11. vPalmar radiocarpal – (on anterior side of the hand) vIt passes from theradius to both rows of carpal bones. v Its function, apart from increasing stability, is to ensure that the hand follows the forearm during supination.
- 13. vDorsal radiocarpal - (the dorsum (posterior) side of the hand). vIt passes from the radius to both rows of carpal bones. v It contributes to the stability of the wrist, but also ensures that the hand follows the forearm during pronation.
- 14. vUlnar collateral - Runs from the ulnar styloid process to the triquetrum and pisiform. vWorks in union with the other collateral ligament to prevent excessive lateral joint displacement.
- 15. vRadial collateral - Runs from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium. vWorks in union with the other collateral ligament to prevent excessive lateral joint displacement.
- 16. vUlnar artery vRadial artery LEGEND PHYSIO
- 17. vMedian nerve – anterior interosseous branche. vRadial nerve – posterior interosseous branche. vUlnar nerve – deep and dorsal branches.
- 18. MEDIAN NERVE RADIAL NERVE ULNAR NERVE
- 19. vThe wrist complex consists of radio-carpal joint and midcarpal joint. v Flexion and extension occur along the transverse axis, and abduction and adduction occur along the anteroposterior axis. vThe movements at the wrist joint are usually associated with movements at the midcarpal joint (joint between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones).
- 20. vThe wrist and midcarpal joints together are considered as link joint. vRotation is not possible at the wrist joint because the articular surfaces are ellipsoid in shape.The lack of rotation at wrist is compensated by the movements of pronation and supination of the forearm.
- 24. vAnterior dislocation of the lunate vColl’s fracture vSmith fracture vCarpal tunnel syndrom vWrist Osteoarthritis