Download to read offline
545146541565First Aid.ppt465456564445-55
- 1. A leading AssetIntegrity, HSE and Engineering Services provider to leading oil and gas companies worldwide with 37+ years of experience in oil and gas industry. We offer a full range of specialized engineering consultancy services complete with our own in-house proprietary software that has been developed and tailored to the Energy business needs.
- 2.
- 3. NOTICE This presentation isnot intended as a substitute for professional medical care
- 4. First Aid First aidis the immediate assistance or treatment given to some one injured or suddenly taken ill before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or other appropriately qualified person.
- 5. OBJECTIVES • Help forothers • Self help • Preparation for disaster
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9. Precaution • A precautionis a preventive measure taken to avoid potential hazards and ensure the safety of both the responder and the injured person. This includes assessing the scene for dangers, using personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize the risk of infection, and following established first aid protocols to prevent further harm
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13. Look for WarningSigns 13
- 14.
- 15. Most common FirstAid Cases Basic first aid cases typically include the following: •Cuts and Scrapes •Burns (minor and severe) •Sprains and Strains •Fractures and Dislocations •Bleeding Control •Choking •Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest • Poisoning • Shock • Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke • Hypothermia • Allergic Reactions • Bites and Stings • Eye Injuries
- 16. BLEEDING Apply directpressure to the wound (at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used) Elevate (do not further harm) Pressure Point additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding.
- 17. CARE FOR SHOCK Keepthe victim lying down (if possible). Elevate legs 10-12 inches… unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones. Cover the victim to maintain body temperature. Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air. If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side. Call help
- 18. FIRST AID FORSPRAINS AND STRAINS I-C-E I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin. C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight. E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.
- 19. CARE FOR DISLOCATIONSAND FRACTURES I-A-C-T I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area. A - Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock” slide. T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.
- 20. POISONING Assess the scenefor clues and safety. Get victim away from poison if necessary. Provide care for any life threatening conditions. Check Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Notify medical staff or on-call Doctor. Call the Poison Control Center and help when necessary.
- 21. OTHER FIRST AIDPROCEDURES COVERED • Burn Care • Neck and Back Injuries • Heat Exhaustion/Heat Stroke • Hypothermia/Frost Bite • Severe Allergic Reactions • Bites and Stings • Faints/Passing Out
- 22. BURNS • Fire • Steam •Chemical • Electricity • Radiation
- 23. BURNS • Burns aretypically categorized into three main types based on their severity: 1.First-Degree Burns (Superficial Burns): 1. Affect only the outer layer of the skin 2. Symptoms: Redness, mild swelling, and pain. 3. Example: Mild sunburn. 2.Second-Degree Burns (Partial Thickness Burns): 1. Affect both the outer layer (epidermis) and the underlying layer of the skin. 2. Symptoms: Red, blistered skin, severe pain, and swelling. 3. Example: Severe sunburn or scalding from hot liquids. 3.Third-Degree Burns (Full Thickness Burns): 1. Extend through the dermis and affect deeper tissues. 2. Symptoms: White or blackened, charred skin that may be numb due to nerve damage. 3. Example: Burns from fire or prolonged contact with hot objects.
- 24. Additionally, there isa fourth category often referred to as Fourth-Degree Burns, which extend beyond the skin into muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones. These burns are extremely severe and require immediate medical attention.
- 25. Stop, Drop andRoll!
- 26. Do not! • Donot break the blister. It will increase chance of infection • Do not use adhesive dressing or a tape on the skin • Do not apply lotions, ointments or fats to the injury • Do not remove any thing sticking to the burn • Do not use cotton wool or any other fluffy material • Do not apply ice directly to burn
- 27.
- 28. ANGINA • Pain inchest often spreading down the left shoulder to arm and back ( shoulder blade) • Shortness of breath • General weakness • Vomiting and sweating
- 29. First Aid forAngina • Place the casualty in a W position • Reassure the casualty and loosen clothing around neck, chest and waist. • Do not waste time and call for help. • Monitor casualty’s breathing and pulse rate and be prepared to start (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) CPR by trained first aid trainer at any time. • If he/she has medicine for angina, help tehm take that. • Give any aspirin( Disprin) to chew. • And seek advice from a doctor and arrange removal of the victim to the hospital in an ambulance.
- 30. Heart Attack Most commonly occurswhen blood supply to part of the heart muscle suddenly blocks, e.g., it could be a clot in one of the coronary arteries. The effect depends upon the extent of damage to the muscle.
- 31. Sign and Symptoms •Persistent ,sharp central chest pain spread to left arm ,throat and jaw ,and at the back between shoulder blades • Breathlessness • Abdominal discomfort • Faintness • Blueness at lips. • Pulse may be rapid, weak or irregular. • Person may collapse without any warning.
- 32. First Aid forHeart Attack • Make casualty as comfortable as possible • W position • Do not waste time and call for help. • Monitor casualty’s breathing and pulse rate and be prepared to start CPR any time. • If he has medicine for angina like puffer or tablet help him take that. • Give any aspirin to chew. • Arrange Proper transportation
- 33. Principles of FirstAid DRABC is a primary survey protocol used in first aid to assess and manage a patient's condition quickly and efficiently. It stands for D: danger R: response A: airway B: breathing C: circulation
- 34. Danger ! removeor rescue Check for any danger to yourself, the patient, or bystanders. Ensure the area is safe before proceeding.
- 35. Approach to ConsciousCausality • Reassure • Head to toe survey • First Aid • Transport
- 36. First Aider • Calm •Confident • Check • Call for help • Command • Common sense (not very common)
- 37. Aims & Objectives •DO NO HARM! • Save life • Prevent further damage • Promote recovery
- 38. Promote Recovery • Relieveany discomfort, pain or anxiety • Arrange for proper transport and appropriate medical attention
- 39. Unconscious A person whodoes not response to shake and shout and pinch the ear FIRST AID: Keep the brain alive! • Recovery Position • Thorough examination • Control any bleeding and protect any suspected fracture • Proper Transport
- 40.
- 41. HEAT AND COLD& EXPOSURE
- 42. Heat Exhaustion Heat exhaustioncan occur after prolonged exposure to high temperatures and high humidity.
- 43. Sign and Symptoms •Body temperature normal or slightly above normal • Pale and clammy skin • Heavy sweating • Tiredness, weakness • Dizziness • Headache • Nausea • Muscle cramps • Vomiting • Fainting
- 44. Heat Stroke Heatstroke isa life-threatening emergency. It is a disturbance in the body’s heat regulating system caused by extremely high body temperature due to exposure to heat and from an inability of the body to cool itself.
- 45. Sign and symptoms •Extremely high body temperature (often 105.F/41 or 42C or higher). • Red, hot, and dry skin. Sweating usually absent • Rapid and strong pulse • Possible unconsciousness or confusion • Death
- 46. JOINT, BONE ANDMUSCLE INJURY
- 47. Fracture A fracture isa break or crack in a bone
- 48. Types Closed Fracture: • Thesurrounding skin is unbroken, but internal injury to surrounding tissue may cause swelling. Open Fracture: • The skin is damaged and fragments of broken bone protrude and perforate, they may cause bleeding.
- 49. Sign and Symptoms •Swelling • Deformity • Pain • Inability to move the part • Discoloration • Tenderness
- 50. Fracture First Aid •Tell the casualty to keep still • Steady and support the injured part with your hands • For firm support, secure the injured part to a sound part of the body • Check the circulation beyond any bandages every 10 minutes and loosen if necessary
- 51.
- 52. Dislocation The partial orfull displacement of a bone from its natural position at a joint is called as dislocation Commonest sites: Shoulder, thumb, finger, jaw and wrist First Aid: same as fracture
- 53. Sprain Any tear orpull in a ligament at or near a joint First Aid: RICE R: Rest the injured part I : Ice compression for first 24 hours C: Compression bandage E: Elevate the injured part
- 54. TYPES OF FRACTURES •Open fracture • Closed fracture They are further classified also depending the site size and angle of fractures
- 55. Stings Stings can bevery painful and dangerous. If a casualty is stung by a swarm of any one of these, it can prove to be fatal. Severe swelling may develop if stings are on the neck or mouth.
- 56. Sign & Symptoms •Sharp pain at the stung area • Swelling around affected area with a red center point • Possibility of shock and unconsciousness
- 57. First Aid forthe Stings • Cold Compression on stung area • Remove the sting
- 58. Animal Bites Germs arefound in the mouth of most animals. Sign & Symptoms • Pain • Shock • Puncture wounds on flesh • Wounds may be bleeding profusely or slightly.
- 59. First Aid forStings • Flush the wound thoroughly with water • Encourage bleeding by applying pressure • Cover with sterile dressing and bandage wound • Anti-Rabies if bite is from an unknown dog • If the bite is on the limb, it should be immobilized with a splint • Seek medical aid
- 60. Snake Bite Contrary toPopular believe Snake Bites are rarely Fatal! Not all snakes are poisonous but poisonous snakes are found in all over the Sindh. Death after a non-treated snake bite occurs in days not minutes. Incidence of snake bite increases during harvest and rainy season.
- 61. Poisonous snakes inPakistan • Cobra • Common Krait • Russell's viper • Saw Scaled Viper
- 62. Prevention • Wear leatherboots and long trousers & gloves • Carry a lamp /torch at night • Avoid sleeping on ground • Avoid putting your hand or feet in places you cannot see • Don’t sit without first looking around • Remain at a safe distance from the snake
- 63. Sign & symptoms •Punctured marks with redness and swelling • Severe pain • Bleeding may or may not occur • Increased sweating and salivation • Fainting • Nausea & Vomiting • Chest and abdominal pain • Double vision • Wheezing • Airway obstruction
- 64. FIRST AID FORSNAKE BITE • Reassure the casualty • Prevent spread of venom through body • Arrange urgent removal of casualty to hospital
- 65. Remember! • Do notapply a tourniquet • Slash the wound with a knife • Suck out the venom
- 66. • Lay thecasualty down & keep calm and still • Wash the wound well and pat dry • Local mechanical suction by Sawyer’s Extractor may be beneficial if applied to the puncture wounds within 3 to 5 minutes. Suction should be continued for at least 30 min • Lightly compress the limb above the wound with a roller bandage. Immobilize the injury by using soft pad between legs • Keep the wounded part below the level of heart • If the person stops breathing start resuscitation
- 67.
- 68. Minor wound • Washwith clean water • Apply pressure and elevate • Pat dry • Protective covering with bandage
- 69. Wound with Heavybleeding • Control bleeding • Cover with a suitable bandage • Raise or immobilize injured part • Lay casualty down in a comfortable position • Treat shock if present
- 70.
- 71. Methods of Transportation •Cradle method • Human crutch • Piggy bag method • Two handed seat • Three handed seat • Four handed seat
- 72. Methods of Transportation •Blanket lift • Chair lift • Fireman lift • Stretcher lift • Spinal Case
- 73.
- 74.
- 75.
- 76.
- 77.
- 78.
- 79. First Aid forunconscious causality • Maintain an open airway (jaw thrust) • Keep the patients head, neck and body in straight line • Modified Recovery Position
- 80.