2. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C WALL FOUNDATION
3/10/2024 2
Simplest to be built and consists merely of
heavy planks put in position to the required
lines.
One side is set to the line initially and held
with stakes (driven to the ground) spaced at
about 2 m apart.
These panels can be held to line by 5 cm x 10
cm wallings which can be braced to stakes or
sides of the panels.
The other side is set from this with the help of
spreaders at a correct distance equal to the
width of the footing. The spreaders are knocked
out as concreting reaches them.
For footing up to 1 meter in depth the sides
are made of 25 -30 mm thick timber pieces
(about 2.5 m long) built into panels with battens
in the centre to hold the boards together
3. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C COLUMN FOOTING
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Two (ends) sides are built to the exact dimensions of the
footing with a cleat at each end of the footing from the outside.
The other two sides are built about 30 cm longer than the
dimensions of the footing.
The side and the end panels are made on the carpenter’s
bench with holes bored for the wires, if they are to be used.
Four panels are assembled by butting the end panels against
the end cleats of the sides and are nailed.
The corners should be braced back to stakes or the sides of
the excavation.
The intermediate bracing should be done in similar manner or
the cleat wired.
Stepped footing forms
The largest and the lowest forms are placed first and the
concrete is allowed to set a little before placing the next form.
The upper form can then be held by placing a 5 cm x 10 cm
wooden piece nailed to the top ends of the lower form.
4. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C COLUMN FOOTING contd…
3/10/2024 4
Sloping side footing forms
Two ends are cut to the exact dimensions of the
footings.
Two sides should not be cut to the slopes, but the boards
can be left of different lengths.
The sloping box is always set on a vertical box of the
same bottom dimensions.
The vertical box is set on the ground and braced. The
reinforcing steel is then placed and the sloping box is set
on the top of the first one.
It is essential to prevent the lifting of the sloping sides
due to concrete pressure.
To prevent this uplift, wires can be embedded in the
centre of the lower portion and fastened to the reinforcing
steel or any other heavily anchored member below.
Alternatively, few bags of sand or heavy stones can be
laid on the outside of the form over its sloping sides.
8. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C COLUMN (RECTANGULAR)
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Column box consists of two ends and two sides
(with yokes), each built as panel of plank sheeting.
At top cuts are made if the column is to receive
girder or beam
The height of each panel is equal to the storey
height minus the slab thickness and the floor
sheeting.
Yokes are equally spaced on both the sides and
ends. They project at both the ends by about 25 cm.
A hole is usually provided at the bottom of formwork
to remove debris etc. before placing the concrete.
This clean out hole is covered before starting of the
concrete work.
Formwork components for any column are required
to be designed properly to resist high lateral pressure
resulting from the quick filling of concrete
12. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C COLUMN (CIRCULAR & OCTAGONAL)
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L-shaped column:
Made on the similar line as rectangular column
Legs of L-shaped column may be joined by
brace / braces in case of bigger size columns
depending upon the pressure to be resisted.
13. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C COLUMN (CIRCULAR & OCTAGONAL)
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In formworks for circular column the
sheeting consists of narrow vertical
boards or plywood joined together in a
circular shape.
The sheeting is held in position by
means of collars, bolts and cleats.
Octagonal: same as rectangular, except
the cross-sectional shape.
15. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C WALL
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The wall form consists of timber sheeting supported by
vertical studs and horizontal walers.
The studs are first set to line and temporarily braced.
The sheeting is wailed lightly breaking joints preferably at
the studs.
If the wall is narrow and heavy reinforcement is to be
placed, one side of the wall is completed first and the other
side is placed in position after the reinforcement has been
laid.
Spacers are used at about one meter distance vertically
and knocked out when concreting reaches to that level.
If the wall is wide enough for a man to work inside, both
sides may be brought up together.
To keep the two sides of the form at a correct distance
apart (to prevent buckling to lateral pressure of freshly
poured concrete) it is necessary to employ some methods
of tying them up – for accurate and important works bolts
should be used, while for ordinary works wires are used.
21. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C BEAM-SLAB
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In a monolithic construction, beams or girders and slabs are cast in a
single unit – this demands that the beam formwork will be continuous
with that of slab formwork.
The slabs can have their plank formwork made into panels. The size
of these panels depends on the facilities available in lifting them.
Two arrangements of supporting the slab formwork are usually
adopted.
Planking is supported by means of a wooden centering on the
floor below.
The panels rest on the top of the beam and girder sides. The
boarding of the panels is nailed together with the aid of
battens
The beam and girders are cast within rectangular boxes shaped to the
exact dimension of the section.
The side planks of the beam should never bear on the bottom
planks of the girders but must overlap it as otherwise it is difficult to
open the side formwork earlier.
The planks are also nailed together with battens spaced at 30-45 cm
centers (closer spacing and thicker battens for deeper beams.
22. MATRIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION - V (AR 502) FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C BEAM-SLAB contd…
3/10/2024 22
To support the beams vertical posts are used.
To the top of the post is nailed a cap, which is about 40-
45 cm longer than the width of the beam.
The ends of the caps are diagonally braced back to the
posts by short pieces of timber.
The posts should be cut off square so as to ensure proper
bearing to the beams
The posts generally rest on wedges, which are of hard
wood
The wedges are further placed on sills – pressure on the
soil / floor doe not exceed 1 kg / sq. Cm (10 MT / m2)
Posts should be braced horizontally and/or diagonally if
the length exceeds 2.5 m.
To prevent the sides of the beams / girders from
spreading, sides area held by a spike with the post caps.
For deeper beams it is necessary to use bolts or patented
clamps.
27. FORM WORK
RIBBED FLOOR FORMWORK
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It would be uneconomical to cut the form work
exactly to the shape of the webs of the beams.
Hence over a plank sheeting, fillers are used to
take the space, which would be left in between
two beam ribs.
The fillers may be of metal, wood, clay tiles,
gypsum blocks etc.
Removable metal fillers are economical
because they can be used many times.
29. FORM WORK
FORMWORK FOR R.C.C STAIRCASE (WAIST SLAB)
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The sloping slabs are supported by planking,
which is further supported on battens and posts.
To give shape to the stringers, inclined planks
are fixed and to these small battens against which
vertical planks can be fitted to make the steps
