The document outlines the requirements for a 5-paragraph essay exam, including a minimum word count, structure, and citation rules. It discusses Europe's historical influence on the Americas, especially through philosophical ideas from thinkers like Hobbes and Locke, and highlights the impact of the British Agricultural Revolution and enclosure acts on society. The essay must reflect on these topics and incorporate cited sources to support the arguments presented.

1. 5 paragraph essay exam
minimum word-count requirement of 350 words but should be
between 400-600 words.
The first paragraph should introduce the topic and contain a
thesis statement. It should contain between three-five (3-5)
complete sentences, including the thesis statement.
The second, third, and fourth paragraphs are the body
paragraphs. Each body paragraph should contain between three-
five (3-5) sentences, including the topic sentence (first sentence
of the body paragraph, states a main point that supports the
thesis) and at least two-three (2-3) specific examples per main
point.
The fifth and final paragraph should begin with a restatement of
the thesis. It should be three-five (3-5) complete sentences, and
include a brief summary/conclusion of the student's answer to
the essay question.
You are not required to do outside research for these essays but
if you choose to do so, the usual source standards apply (no
encyclopedias or dictionaries). You must cite any course
materials used and any outside sources used and include a
bibliography after each essay.
Exam question:
1. Explain Europe's impact on the Americas (Covered in Lesson
1)
Thesis statement:
Topic Ideas:
Philosophical influence, revolution, treacherous leaders,
forced religion. industrialization

2. Revolution- political, agricultural (enclosure acts), religious
Philosophical- Hobbes & Locke’s influences on human rights
and the declaration of independence.
Religious freedom enabled by a form of government lead by the
people for the people.
Establishment of class?
The people and events which occurred in Europe during the
(insert time period here) had great influence on the Americas.
European philosophers such as, Hobbes, Locke, and (others)
influenced on the development of American government and
supporting documentation, lessons learned from the Monarchy
of King George- freedom of religion, and third reason (?)
Week 2 – Economies and Cultures Please make sure you go to
the titles below for this weeks readings using the link below.
Maddison -
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/docDetail.action?docID=102118
67
- In Chapter 2 Read - The European Transformation of the
Americas pages 87-102 (5 Pages)
References:
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~tarr22v/classweb/modernsocialism/
marxiantheory.html
Agriculture Revolution had a great impact on European society,
it has many great accomplishments but there were a few
downfalls. Discuss these downfalls. Examples. The British
agricultural revolution transformed farming throughout the
world. Many of those changes are still prevalent today. This
revolution as created many new farming techniques such as crop
rotation and selective breeding, and machines, such as the seed

3. drill. Though as a whole, food was plentiful which lead to
nourished citizens and hence the population grew. The growing
population, while a good thing, lead to more competition for
land and resources. Prior to the passage of Enclosure Acts,
many village families shared the workload farming open fields
and letting cattle graze on common lands. Though open fields
were advantageous for the less wealthy commoners, they
provided an environment where diseases spread rapidly amongst
livestock and vegetation. Towns agreeing to transition to
enclosed fields left many farmers impoverished. They no longer
had land to farm and could not yield enough crops in
comparison to those with enclosed fields. This led to many
farmers moving to villages whom had not yet agreed to
enclosure or into industrial vocations. Therefore, enclosure,
which was originally sold to citizens as opportunities for
improvement, “was directly responsible for rural depopulation
and the decline of small farmers.” (Fairlie, 2009). “main
advantage of private ownership is freedom, since the use of
goods can be more directly tailored to the needs of the
individual.” (Fairlie, 2009). When enclosure came about, it
introduced overstocking and economic growth. It provided
income for large scale farms and attributed to the relocation and
deterioration of small scale farmers, as mentioned above.
Author Wendy McElroy discussed enclosure saying,
the immediate advantage went to “those fortunate enough to
become individual owners” while the disadvantage devastated
”the peasant class.” (2012). She further explained that “When
access was systematically denied, ultimately the peasantry was
left with three basic alternatives: to work in a serf-like manner
as tenant farmers for large landowners; to emigrate to the New
World; or, ultimately, to pour into already-crowded cities,
where they pushed down each others’ wages by competing for a
limited number of jobs.” (McElroy, 2010).
I do believe that John Locke greatly influenced Thomas
Jefferson, especially when referring to the creation of the
Declaration of Independence. The research I did on Thomas

4. Hobbes to answer question two, explained that Hobbes too
believed people have inalienable rights. Many philosophers
who’ve studied human nature have concluded that people are
born with certain rights. Their observations and life experiences
determine their ideology of natural rights and explain why their
views differ. Hobbs, not unlike Locke and Jefferson believed
that people had the right to protect themselves and their
property. Locke used Hobbs’ ideals of human rights and the
social contract to build his idea that a government with the
consent of the people, should be used to preserve one’s rights to
self-preservation by protecting their life, health and property
(Pirie, 2009, p. 76). Where Locke differed from other
philosophers was in his belief individuals have a duty to respect
one another and additionally, that government must in turn
respect the rights of individuals. This duty is what is known as
natural law (Forde, 2011). In his
As Locke stated in his work, Two Treaties of Civil Government
in 1764,
“The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which
obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all
mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and
independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health,
liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship of
one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker; all the servants of
one sovereign master, sent into the world by his order, and
about his business; they are his property, whose workmanship
they are, made to last[198] during his, not one another’s
pleasure: and being furnished with like faculties, sharing all in
one community of nature, there cannot be supposed any
such subordination among us, that may authorize us to destroy
one another, as if we were made for one another’s uses, as the
inferior ranks of creatures are for our’s. Every one, as he
is bound to preserve himself, and not to quit his station
wilfully, so by the like reason, when his own preservation
comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to
preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do

5. justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what
tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or
goods of another.”
This paragraph alone, states Locke’s belief in one’s right
to life and liberty. Which as you stated above, is quoted directly
in Jefferson’s version of the Declaration of Independence.
Hence, I would say that Locke had great influence on
Jefferson’s work.
References:
Pirie, M. (2009). 101 great philosophers : makers of modern
thought. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-
com.ezproxy2.apus.edu
Forde, S. (2011). John Locke and the Natural Law and Natural
Rights Tradition. Retrieved from
http://www.nlnrac.org/earlymodern/locke
Locke, J. (1764). Two Treatises of Government, ed. Thomas
Hollis (London: A. Millar et al., 1764). Retrieved
fromhttp://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/locke-the-two-treatises-of-
civil-government-hollis-ed
Hobbes’ idea of natural equality of men was that individuals
have rights which are inalienable or inherent to them and this is
still a common thought today. One example of this that can be
seen today is a term that many military members are familiar
with when referring to the rules of engagement is “the inherent
right to self-defense.” This ties to his thoughts on the state of
nature, in which if no rules apply or a moral of ethic exists, one
will do what they see fit to protect what is theirs and thus a war
against all would ensue.
Hobbes also believed in the importance of the consent of the
people as a basis for the foundation of the state (Guerrero,
2017a).
Today, we can find an example of both of these concepts in the
Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence
summarizes the inalienable rights which are the basis of a free
society, states what government is, the source for which it
derives its powers, and the ability of government to protect

6. those rights (Thomas Jefferson on Politics & Government, n.d.).
Those rights are “are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
and government was created “deriving their just powers from
the consent of the governed.”
Hobbes’ idea of natural equality of men was that individuals
have rights which are inalienable or inherent to them and this is
still a common thought today. One example of this that can be
seen today is a term that many military members are familiar
with when referring to the rules of engagement is “the inherent
right to self-defense.” This ties to his thoughts on the state of
nature, in which if no rules apply or a moral of ethics exists,
one will do what they see fit to protect what is theirs and thus a
war against all would ensue. One’s personal ethical beliefs are
kept in check by a moral code in which we live by. These moral
codes are influenced by the beliefs of the person or persons
developing then and they can be derived from many different
cultural influences. Many societal moral codes will have
supporting rules to reinforce these beliefs. For example, the
Catholic religion establishes the ten commandments or in
government, the creation of the Bill of Rights to support the
moral codes established in the U.S. Constitution, both of which
support that of the Declaration of Independence.
Hobbes also believed in the importance of the consent of the
people as a basis for the foundation of the state (Guerrero,
2017a). Today, we can find an example of both of these
concepts in the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of
Independence summarizes the inalienable rights which are the
basis of a free society, states what government is, the source for
which it derives its powers, and the ability of government to
protect those rights (Thomas Jefferson on Politics &
Government, n.d.). Those rights are “are life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness” and the government was created “deriving
their just powers from the consent of the governed.” The
Declaration of Independence explains how the sovereign, the
King of Great Britain’s arbitrary despotism did not have the
consent of the people nor did it embody equality.

7. References:
Fairlie, S. (2009). A Short History of Enclosure in Britain. The
Land, Summer 2009(7). Retrieved from
http://www.thelandmagazine.org.uk/articles/short-history-
enclosure-britain
McElroy, W. (2012, March 8). The Enclosure Acts and the
Industrial Revolution. Retrieved from
https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/enclosure- acts-
industrial- revolution/
Weeks 1 – Ideologies and Political Structures
Pirie – Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau and Smith pages 69-70
(Hobbes), 75-76 (Locke), 97-98 (Rouseeau) and 103-105
(Smith). (5
Pages)http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=http://www.apus.eblib.
com./patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=601914&echo=1&userid=6JnKb
BJrUiE%3d&tstamp=1436319190&id=4264670C27AE6B8ECE8
2FA8A2071EE11E5D516AB
Hoppit - Chapter 2 – The Glorious Revolution and the
Revolution Constitution – the Ascension of William and Mary
to The Making of Oligarchical Politics pages 23-49 (26
pages)http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=http://www.netlibrary.c
om/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=100302
Fitzpatrick - Chapter 1 - The Science and the Coming of the
Enlightenment by John Henry Pages 10-25 (15
Pages)http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=http://www.netlibrary.
com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=115592
Thackeray and Findling Chapter 5: The Enlightenment Pages
77-82 (You will need to copy and pastethe link below into the
address bar and then go to Chapter 5) (5 pages)
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/docDetail.action?docID=5007272
WEBSITES - Required Reading
The Theory of Absolutism
http://www2.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/louisxiv.html

8. French Absolutism
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/absolutism.html- Suggested
Reading
Thackeray and Findling 82-94
-
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/docDetail.action?docID=500727
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