4B Obligation
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The document discusses different words used to express levels of obligation: must, have to, and should. Must and have to express strong obligation, with must being used for personal obligations and have to used for external obligations from rules or laws. Should expresses weaker obligation and is used for advice or opinions. The document provides examples of sentences using each of these words to illustrate their meanings and appropriate contexts.
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Students will be able to identify the meaning of the word modals .
Will be able to use modals accurately to change the meaning of the sentence.
A modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibility, necessity, and permission
They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it.
The negative forms of modal verbs are often contracted. Negatives are formed by adding ‘not’ after the modal verbs.
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Modals and semi-modals (modal verbs) are used to talk about ability, duty, necessity, or wanting. Modal verbs behave differently than normal verbs in that they are always followed by a base verb form and do not take -s in the third person present simple. Modals take "not" to form negatives. Many modals cannot be used in all tenses. Common modals include can, could, may, might, must, should, will, shall, would, ought to, have to, and have got to. Their meanings and substitutes in different tenses are explained. Practice exercises are provided to reinforce understanding and use of modals.
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4B Obligation
- 2. Strong obligation Must ≈ Only Present Personal / occasional obligation Mustn’t ≠ Prohibition = can’t / not allowed Have to (have got to) All tenses External obligation (law/rule) Don’t have to No obligation (= not necessary)
- 3. Weak obligation should Modal verb Advice / opinion You should tell her how you feel. more common in questions, especially in daily conversation Negative: should not to Past form: should have V-ed(3) ought to Semi-modal verb Advice / opinion (a little stronger) You ought to tell her how you feel. Ought sounds rather formal when used interrogatively Negative: ought not to Past form: ought to have V-ed(3) =
- 4. SHOULD: GIVING ADVICE MUST/MUSN'T: STRONG OBLIGATION 1. I don't think you ____ eat so much chocolate. It's bad for your health. 2. Children _____ behave well when they're in class. 3. If you drive a car, you ____ stop at marked crossings. 4. I think waiters _____ try to be pleasant with customers. 5. Some workers _____ wear hard hats because their jobs are considered dangerous. 6. If you feel sick, you _____ stay at home. It's better for you. 7. Police officers ______ wear a uniform.
- 5. MUST: STRONG OBLIGATION. IT'S PERSONAL. IT INVOLVES THE SPEAKER'S OPINION. HAVE TO: STRONG OBLIGATION. IT'S EXTERNAL: law, rules... 8. I _____ do my homework. My teacher always checks if we have done the exercises. 9. I _____ get my hair cut. I don't like it so long. 10. We ____ go home. My mother has told me to arrive at ten o'clock. 11. I ____ study hard. I want to pass the exam. 12. In Spain, children ____ go to school until they're 16. 13. You _____ phone every day, darling!
- 6. MUSTN'T: STRONG PROHIBITION DON'T HAVE TO: IT'S NOT NECESSARY 14. You ____ accept things from strangers! 15. When you go into a clothes shop, you _____ have to buy something. You can just look. 16. You ____ steal things from shops. 17. Children ______ pay bills. 18. Children ______ eat junk food every day. 19. Some millionaires _____ get up very early.