48 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201948 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 49Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019 49Photographs by JOHN KUCZALA
Your Approach to
Hiring Is All Wrong
B U S I N E S S E S H AV E N E V E R done as much hiring as they do today.
They’ve never spent as much money doing it. And they’ve never
done a worse job of it.
For most of the post–World War II era, large corporations went
about hiring this way: Human resources experts prepared a detailed
job analysis to determine what tasks the job required and what
attributes a good candidate should have. Next they did a job evalu-
ation to determine how the job fit into the organizational chart and
how much it should pay, especially compared with other jobs. Ads
were posted, and applicants applied. Then came the task of sorting
through the applicants. That included skills tests, reference checks,
maybe personality and IQ tests, and extensive interviews to learn
more about them as people. William H. Whyte, in The Organization
Man, described this process as going on for as long as a week before
Peter Cappelli
Professor,
the Wharton School
Outsourcing and algorithms won’t
get you the people you need.
50 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
subcontractors can scan websites that
programmers might visit, trace their
“digital exhaust” from cookies and
other user-tracking measures to iden-
tify who they are, and then examine
their curricula vitae.
At companies that still do their own
recruitment and hiring, managers
trying to fill open positions are largely
left to figure out what the jobs require
and what the ads should say. When
applications come—always electron-
ically—applicant-tracking software
sifts through them for key words that
the hiring managers want to see. Then
the process moves into the Wild West,
where a new industry of vendors offer
an astonishing array of smart-sounding
tools that claim to predict who will be
a good hire. They use voice recogni-
tion, body language, clues on social
media, and especially machine learning
algorithms—everything but tea leaves.
Entire publications are devoted to what
these vendors are doing.
The big problem with all these new
practices is that we don’t know whether
they actually produce satisfactory hires.
Only about a third of U.S. companies
report that they monitor whether their
hiring practices lead to good employees;
few of them do so carefully, and only
a minority even track cost per hire and
time to hire. Imagine if the CEO asked
how an advertising campaign had gone,
and the response was “We have a good
idea how long it took to roll out and
what it cost, but we haven’t looked to
see whether we’re selling more.”
Hiring talent remains the number
one concern of CEOs in the most recent
Conference Board Annual Survey;
it’s also the top concern of the entire
executive suite. PwC’s 2017 CEO survey
reports that chief exe ...
College of Administrative and Financial SciencesAssignme.docxmccormicknadine86
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Assignment 1
Human Resource Management (MGT211)
Deadline: 07/03/2020 @ 23:59
Course Name: H.R. Management
Student’s Name:
Course Code: MGT211
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: II
CRN:
Academic Year: 1440/1441 H
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade: Marks Obtained/Out of
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
· The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
· Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
· Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
· Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
· Late submission will NOT be accepted.
· Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
· All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
· Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Assignment Questions:
1. Summarize the article in your own words. (minimum of 250 words).[Marks:2]
2. Reliance on data science in the hiring process, is this critical to the desired outcome? Describe this is no less than 100 words.[Marks: 2]
3. Discuss why employers find the hiring process difficult? Make some suggestions to develop such a recruitment process which can hire the best employees for the organization. [Marks: 1]
Answer:
48 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201948 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 49Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019 49Photographs by JOHN KUCZALA
Your Approach to
Hiring Is All Wrong
B U S I N E S S E S H AV E N E V E R done as much hiring as they do today.
They’ve never spent as much money doing it. And they’ve never
done a worse job of it.
For most of the post–World War II era, large corporations went
about hiring this way: Human resources experts prepared a detailed
job analysis to determine what tasks the job required and what
attributes a good candidate should have. Next they did a job evalu-
ation to determine how the job fit into the organizational chart and
how much it should pay, especially compared with other jobs. Ads
were posted, and applicants applied. Then came the task of sorting
through the applicants. That included skills tests, reference checks,
maybe personality and IQ tests, and extensive interviews to learn
more about them as people. William H. Whyte, in The Organization
Man, described this process as going on for as long as a week before
Peter Cappelli
Professor,
the Wharton School
Outsourcing and algorithms won’t
get you the people you need.
50 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
subcont ...
College of Administrative and Financial SciencesAssignme.docxmary772
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Assignment 1
Human Resource Management (MGT211)
Deadline: 07/03/2020 @ 23:59
Course Name: H.R. Management
Student’s Name:
Course Code: MGT211
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: II
CRN:
Academic Year: 1440/1441 H
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade: Marks Obtained/Out of
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
· The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
· Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
· Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
· Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
· Late submission will NOT be accepted.
· Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
· All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
· Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Assignment Questions:
1. Summarize the article in your own words. (minimum of 250 words).[Marks:2]
2. Reliance on data science in the hiring process, is this critical to the desired outcome? Describe this is no less than 100 words.[Marks: 2]
3. Discuss why employers find the hiring process difficult? Make some suggestions to develop such a recruitment process which can hire the best employees for the organization. [Marks: 1]
Answer:
48 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201948 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 49Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019 49Photographs by JOHN KUCZALA
Your Approach to
Hiring Is All Wrong
B U S I N E S S E S H AV E N E V E R done as much hiring as they do today.
They’ve never spent as much money doing it. And they’ve never
done a worse job of it.
For most of the post–World War II era, large corporations went
about hiring this way: Human resources experts prepared a detailed
job analysis to determine what tasks the job required and what
attributes a good candidate should have. Next they did a job evalu-
ation to determine how the job fit into the organizational chart and
how much it should pay, especially compared with other jobs. Ads
were posted, and applicants applied. Then came the task of sorting
through the applicants. That included skills tests, reference checks,
maybe personality and IQ tests, and extensive interviews to learn
more about them as people. William H. Whyte, in The Organization
Man, described this process as going on for as long as a week before
Peter Cappelli
Professor,
the Wharton School
Outsourcing and algorithms won’t
get you the people you need.
50 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
subcont.
Global talent trends and the role of Recruitment agenciesPeter Cosgrove
The document discusses global trends in recruitment agencies and talent management. It notes that recruitment agencies play an important role in helping companies find talent more easily. The recruitment agency market is large and growing, with Europe, the US, and Japan being the largest markets. Employers use agencies to find hidden talent, save time in hiring, improve their brand, and gain expertise in new markets. Jobseekers use agencies to access opportunities, get advice, and find flexible work arrangements. For agencies to thrive, they need to specialize, demonstrate their value online, and focus on building talent networks rather than just providing CVs.
This document provides an overview of employer reputation management. It discusses:
- The importance of managing perceptions as an employer through both actions and communications.
- Why reputation is important, including attracting talent, retention, and competitive advantage.
- Key aspects of a good reputation including values, culture, corporate reputation, and people policies.
- How to manage reputation through understanding goals, senior leadership buy-in, creating the right environment internally, and developing communications to showcase these efforts.
The document is intended as a guide for HR, communications, and business professionals on developing an employer brand and reputation. It is based on research with leading employers on their approaches.
The document discusses how the modern workplace is rapidly changing with employees demanding greater flexibility, connectivity and variety from their employers. It also discusses how HR must adapt to rising candidate expectations, new ways of working using social media, and how to leverage big data analytics. However, many employers have failed to keep up with these changes. The document advocates for rethinking how companies attract, engage and manage talent through improved recruitment tools, talent communities, and network recruiting.
The document outlines 5 reasons why companies should hire the long term unemployed. It notes that over 3.6 million Americans are considered unemployable due to being out of work for over 6 months. The 5 reasons provided are: 1) Increasing the talent pool by considering more candidates, 2) Fresh perspectives from time spent reflecting on careers, 3) Varied experience from short term contracts, 4) Large professional networks developed, and 5) Enthusiasm and loyalty from those eager to rejoin the workforce. Hiring the long term unemployed can provide benefits to companies and help address economic problems.
The document summarizes the concept of scenario learning, a planning tool developed by RAND Corporation in the 1950s to help organizations prepare for likely future outcomes. It discusses how scenario learning involves mapping out scenarios defined by driving forces, logics, plots, and end states to help guide business strategy development. The document uses scenario learning as a framework to discuss how predicting workforce trends could help organizations maintain an edge in recruitment by allowing them to adapt their strategies for different potential futures. It provides examples of how the modern workplace has already evolved from what was described in a 1950s book, and argues scenario planning can help anticipate and plan for further changes.
College of Administrative and Financial SciencesAssignme.docxmccormicknadine86
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Assignment 1
Human Resource Management (MGT211)
Deadline: 07/03/2020 @ 23:59
Course Name: H.R. Management
Student’s Name:
Course Code: MGT211
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: II
CRN:
Academic Year: 1440/1441 H
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade: Marks Obtained/Out of
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
· The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
· Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
· Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
· Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
· Late submission will NOT be accepted.
· Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
· All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
· Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Assignment Questions:
1. Summarize the article in your own words. (minimum of 250 words).[Marks:2]
2. Reliance on data science in the hiring process, is this critical to the desired outcome? Describe this is no less than 100 words.[Marks: 2]
3. Discuss why employers find the hiring process difficult? Make some suggestions to develop such a recruitment process which can hire the best employees for the organization. [Marks: 1]
Answer:
48 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201948 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 49Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019 49Photographs by JOHN KUCZALA
Your Approach to
Hiring Is All Wrong
B U S I N E S S E S H AV E N E V E R done as much hiring as they do today.
They’ve never spent as much money doing it. And they’ve never
done a worse job of it.
For most of the post–World War II era, large corporations went
about hiring this way: Human resources experts prepared a detailed
job analysis to determine what tasks the job required and what
attributes a good candidate should have. Next they did a job evalu-
ation to determine how the job fit into the organizational chart and
how much it should pay, especially compared with other jobs. Ads
were posted, and applicants applied. Then came the task of sorting
through the applicants. That included skills tests, reference checks,
maybe personality and IQ tests, and extensive interviews to learn
more about them as people. William H. Whyte, in The Organization
Man, described this process as going on for as long as a week before
Peter Cappelli
Professor,
the Wharton School
Outsourcing and algorithms won’t
get you the people you need.
50 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
subcont ...
College of Administrative and Financial SciencesAssignme.docxmary772
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Assignment 1
Human Resource Management (MGT211)
Deadline: 07/03/2020 @ 23:59
Course Name: H.R. Management
Student’s Name:
Course Code: MGT211
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: II
CRN:
Academic Year: 1440/1441 H
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade: Marks Obtained/Out of
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
· The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
· Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
· Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
· Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
· Late submission will NOT be accepted.
· Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
· All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
· Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Assignment Questions:
1. Summarize the article in your own words. (minimum of 250 words).[Marks:2]
2. Reliance on data science in the hiring process, is this critical to the desired outcome? Describe this is no less than 100 words.[Marks: 2]
3. Discuss why employers find the hiring process difficult? Make some suggestions to develop such a recruitment process which can hire the best employees for the organization. [Marks: 1]
Answer:
48 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201948 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 49Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019 49Photographs by JOHN KUCZALA
Your Approach to
Hiring Is All Wrong
B U S I N E S S E S H AV E N E V E R done as much hiring as they do today.
They’ve never spent as much money doing it. And they’ve never
done a worse job of it.
For most of the post–World War II era, large corporations went
about hiring this way: Human resources experts prepared a detailed
job analysis to determine what tasks the job required and what
attributes a good candidate should have. Next they did a job evalu-
ation to determine how the job fit into the organizational chart and
how much it should pay, especially compared with other jobs. Ads
were posted, and applicants applied. Then came the task of sorting
through the applicants. That included skills tests, reference checks,
maybe personality and IQ tests, and extensive interviews to learn
more about them as people. William H. Whyte, in The Organization
Man, described this process as going on for as long as a week before
Peter Cappelli
Professor,
the Wharton School
Outsourcing and algorithms won’t
get you the people you need.
50 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
subcont.
Global talent trends and the role of Recruitment agenciesPeter Cosgrove
The document discusses global trends in recruitment agencies and talent management. It notes that recruitment agencies play an important role in helping companies find talent more easily. The recruitment agency market is large and growing, with Europe, the US, and Japan being the largest markets. Employers use agencies to find hidden talent, save time in hiring, improve their brand, and gain expertise in new markets. Jobseekers use agencies to access opportunities, get advice, and find flexible work arrangements. For agencies to thrive, they need to specialize, demonstrate their value online, and focus on building talent networks rather than just providing CVs.
This document provides an overview of employer reputation management. It discusses:
- The importance of managing perceptions as an employer through both actions and communications.
- Why reputation is important, including attracting talent, retention, and competitive advantage.
- Key aspects of a good reputation including values, culture, corporate reputation, and people policies.
- How to manage reputation through understanding goals, senior leadership buy-in, creating the right environment internally, and developing communications to showcase these efforts.
The document is intended as a guide for HR, communications, and business professionals on developing an employer brand and reputation. It is based on research with leading employers on their approaches.
The document discusses how the modern workplace is rapidly changing with employees demanding greater flexibility, connectivity and variety from their employers. It also discusses how HR must adapt to rising candidate expectations, new ways of working using social media, and how to leverage big data analytics. However, many employers have failed to keep up with these changes. The document advocates for rethinking how companies attract, engage and manage talent through improved recruitment tools, talent communities, and network recruiting.
The document outlines 5 reasons why companies should hire the long term unemployed. It notes that over 3.6 million Americans are considered unemployable due to being out of work for over 6 months. The 5 reasons provided are: 1) Increasing the talent pool by considering more candidates, 2) Fresh perspectives from time spent reflecting on careers, 3) Varied experience from short term contracts, 4) Large professional networks developed, and 5) Enthusiasm and loyalty from those eager to rejoin the workforce. Hiring the long term unemployed can provide benefits to companies and help address economic problems.
The document summarizes the concept of scenario learning, a planning tool developed by RAND Corporation in the 1950s to help organizations prepare for likely future outcomes. It discusses how scenario learning involves mapping out scenarios defined by driving forces, logics, plots, and end states to help guide business strategy development. The document uses scenario learning as a framework to discuss how predicting workforce trends could help organizations maintain an edge in recruitment by allowing them to adapt their strategies for different potential futures. It provides examples of how the modern workplace has already evolved from what was described in a 1950s book, and argues scenario planning can help anticipate and plan for further changes.
How Do You Attract the Best Talent? Five Companies Exemplify Recruiting Innov...Centerfor HCI
We have seen the emergence of the Human Age, where talent is the new differentiator. Yet organizations around the world struggle to find the talent they need. This is especially problematic, because 75 million Baby Boomers will retire within the next 10 to 15 years. Between now and then, there will be a lot of jobs to fill, and if finding great talent is difficult now, organizations are going to have to up their recruiting game, or suffer the consequences of being understaffed.
This document discusses employer demand for and challenges with hiring youth workers. It finds that many employers need entry-level workers to fill positions, and cite benefits of hiring youth like their technical skills and ability to engage customers. However, employers also face challenges like difficulty finding the right candidates, issues with soft skills, and high turnover. The document highlights some employer programs that are successfully hiring and training youth through partnerships with nonprofits and a focus on long-term workforce development.
Across employers and industries, we have heard stories about the value young people bring to the workplace. Employers in manufacturing cited the need for serious hand-eye coordination and reported positive experiences with young people filling these roles. Others cited the benefit of having youth in their companies who can use evolving technologies. For others, especially firms that need a lot of entry-level employees, young workers are their lifeblood.
Youth Hold the Key: Building Your Workforce Today and in the Future focuses on the role that youth can play in helping employers meet some of their current and looming workforce challenges, and how companies can improve how they hire and retain youth. The findings are based on a recent survey of 350 employers, more than 80 interviews with employers and workforce experts conducted during 2014 by The Bridgespan Group and Bain & Company, as well as a review of published literature. Much of this work focused on the potential of the millions of young people—referred to here as "opportunity youth"—who are disconnected from both work and school, and lack a college degree, to address the needs of employers.
This document discusses youth employment from the perspective of employers. It finds that employers see significant value in hiring young workers to fill many entry-level positions. However, employers also face challenges in hiring and retaining youth. The document outlines business reasons why employers want to hire youth, including to fill large numbers of entry-level jobs, support technological changes, and engage younger customers. It also discusses the projected demand for entry-level workers and obstacles to matching youth to jobs. While employers recognize benefits of youth employment, they experience challenges such as finding the right candidates, soft skills deficiencies, and retention issues that can outweigh the benefits. The document advocates for partnerships to help address youth unemployment and meet employer needs.
Addressing the Top IT Hiring Challenges | WhitepaperACTIVE Network
This document discusses the challenges facing IT hiring managers. It outlines 7 primary challenges: 1) finding candidates with required hard and soft skills due to lack of training opportunities; 2) convincing employed candidates to change jobs; 3) complexities of using social media for recruiting; 4) decreasing effectiveness of online job boards; 5) inefficient hiring processes that can last over 2 months; 6) misaligned salary expectations as candidates demand higher pay; and 7) hiring managers having insufficient time for recruiting. The document provides details on each challenge and cites research supporting the increasing difficulties in IT hiring.
The document discusses 5 key trends changing the talent acquisition landscape:
1. Diversity hiring is becoming a priority as companies recognize the benefits of a diverse workforce. However, many organizations still lack concrete plans and fall short of their diversity goals.
2. Technology is playing a bigger role in recruiting through specialized tools that use analytics, AI, and machine learning to increase efficiency.
3. Candidates' overall experience, including those who aren't hired, is becoming important to maintain a positive employer brand and passive talent pool.
4. Online presence and social media are increasingly essential to employer branding and engaging prospective candidates beyond just job postings.
5. Advances in applicant tracking systems allow recruiters to quickly access
Strayer University - OnlineHRM-510 Business Employment Law .docxdarwinming1
Strayer University - Online
HRM-510: Business Employment Law
August 12, 2018
The Hiring Process and Managing a Diverse Workforce
As the HR Director of my association, I must utilize an assortment of business laws to build arrangements and techniques that help the advancement of a decent variety in the work environment. My present association is looking for an Executive Administrative Assistant who will work intimately with an answer to the Chief Legal Officer. My organization obviously, empowers everybody who is keen on the situation to apply as we are at last looking to enlist the best individual for the position. As the HR Director, I have seen a few episodes that finished with legitimate activity because specific business laws were not utilized while making the association’s enrollment strategies and application process. I must guarantee that I shield the association from lawful repercussions, as well as devise compelling strategies and plans that secure potential and existing representatives. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans Disabilities Acts are just a couple of the fundamental laws that add to the work laws that are expected of bosses to use amid all phases of the enlisting procedure.
Enrollment or Employment Methods
Conveying the accessibility of business chances to work searchers is the initial phase in the enrollment procedure. It is critical that business laws are remembered when creating enrollment techniques for an association. As the HR Director, I have chosen that the best and best enrollment strategies for my association are 1) Social Media 2) Job Advertisements and 3) Employment/Recruitment Agencies.
Online networking has assumed control over this age and is associating individuals in more routes than one. Numerous associations are bouncing on the online networking fleeting trend and have begun their own Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter accounts. More professionally, there are internet-based life organizing locales particularly for job seekers like
LinkedIn, Monster, Indeed, among others. These can be utilized as incredible selecting apparatuses because they are not that costly, and they can achieve an awesome measure of individuals in a short measure of time. Notwithstanding publicizing work openings, web-based life gives the association another approach to check data given by the candidate. Being dynamic via web-based networking media administrations like Twitter enables you to 'meet' potential competitors from multiple points of view: through shared associations, through shared talk subjects, and because it's simple for work searchers to get in touch with you. A fourth of UK organizations are enlisting using expert systems administration locales like LinkedIn.
Your internet-based life movement likewise extends your boss image, indicating hopefuls what your authoritative culture resembles. That is incredible for drawing in top ability, accepting your way of life is great. It works the other much as ...
Employees were surveyed about what factors are important in their careers. While work-life balance, job security, and financial rewards were universally rated as very important, there were differences among subgroups:
- Younger employees valued career advancement more than older employees.
- Women placed more importance on work-life balance, job security, and professional development than men, especially at early career stages.
- Asians and Europeans valued international opportunities far more than Americans.
However, what employees said was important did not always match what actually improved retention and commitment. Understanding these differences is key to attracting and retaining talent.
Social media and digital marketing are becoming the new norm in recruiting. Recruiting budgets and volumes are increasing for the first time in 4 years, putting pressure on talent acquisition leaders to scale operations while doing more with less. Competition is the top obstacle to attracting talent, especially for US companies. Social professional networks have become the top source of quality hires, growing 57% over the past 4 years. Employer branding and passive candidate recruitment are also major competitive threats. Mobile recruiting is on the rise as the talent industry embraces new technologies.
he EIU conducted a survey of 502 C-suite respondents, evenly distributed across four geographic regions in the US to better understand how they prepare for and combat workforce challenges.
IT talent is in high demand but short supply, making recruitment and retention a challenge. While most companies have not increased salaries to keep pace with the market, those that offer higher pay see benefits like reduced turnover rates and fewer open positions. One example showed a company that increased salaries by 10% experienced $800,000 in annual cost savings from lower turnover and vacancies compared to a company that did not raise pay.
This document discusses the recruiting funnel framework for improving the hiring process. It describes the five steps of the recruiting funnel as employment branding, sourcing, candidate experience, candidate selection, and insight. For each step, the document provides strategies and benchmarks for optimizing the process. The goal of the recruiting funnel is to create a continuous pipeline of qualified candidates by engaging with talent at each stage.
The document discusses how the role of recruiters is changing due to new technologies and the increased connectivity of professionals. It identifies three emerging roles for recruiters:
1) Super Recruiters who will focus on strategic talent planning and employer branding.
2) Talent Attractors who will build long-term relationships with potential candidates through social media and publishing career content.
3) Logistics recruiters who will manage day-to-day hiring processes like scheduling interviews. Most recruiters currently fall into this category.
This document discusses the importance of employee engagement for organizations. It defines employee engagement as employees exerting discretionary effort and remaining loyal to the organization. Research shows engaged employees are more productive, innovative, and loyal with lower turnover. The document notes that while many organizations implement engagement initiatives, true payoffs are not always realized. It explores drivers of increased focus on engagement including people becoming the primary competitive advantage and retention challenges in the "war for talent". The researcher aims to study engagement levels in the apparel retail sector and relationships between engagement and factors like satisfaction and retention through surveys.
The Great Resignation and the pandemic have disrupted the traditional approach to attracting and hiring candidates resulting in millions of unfilled jobs. Employers need to do a reset on how to engage and hire candidates.
This document summarizes the key findings of a survey of nearly 4,500 job seekers in 5 countries conducted by ManpowerGroup Solutions. Some of the main trends found include:
- Candidates see "type of work" as equally or more important than compensation when making career decisions.
- Candidates increasingly do their own online research and apply directly instead of relying solely on recruiters.
- Company brand reputation is important, especially for younger candidates.
- Over 1/3 of candidates see themselves as "continuous candidates" who are always looking for next opportunities.
The Great Resignation is causing many employees to leave their jobs in search of more flexibility, opportunities for growth, and work-life balance. To improve employee retention, companies should promote from within to provide career advancement opportunities, invest in employee education to support skills development, offer flexible work arrangements and childcare support to accommodate employees' needs, and implement recognition programs to boost engagement. Regularly recognizing employees' contributions can significantly decrease turnover intentions.
The document summarizes the results of a survey of 998 recruiting professionals conducted by Social Talent and Alexander Mann Solutions to understand emerging trends in recruitment. Some key findings include:
- Over 50% of recruiters are measured primarily on number of placements/hires.
- Over 50% of recruiters believe social/professional media is their primary source for finding talent.
- Over 50% of recruiters mainly use InMail or connection requests to contact passive candidates.
- Over 50% of recruiters work on less than 10 requisitions at a time.
best practice in RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION Preeti Bhaskar
Forward-thinking businesses need to embrace new talent acquisition trends to attract and retain top talent in today's changing workforce. Key trends include focusing on candidate experience through high quality user interfaces, personalizing the application process, leveraging social media and connections, enabling global hiring, and tailoring recruiting to millennials. Adopting solutions that support these emerging trends can help future-proof an organization's recruiting.
Forward-thinking businesses need to implement recruiting solutions and processes that will attract and retain top talent as the nature of work and the workforce changes. Recruiting needs to focus on creating a positive user experience for candidates through personalized interactions and leveraging social connections and collaboration. Embracing these trends now can help organizations claim the best talent while competitors are still catching up to the changing landscape of talent acquisition.
1. Report contentThe report should demonstrate your understa.docxblondellchancy
1. Report content
The report should demonstrate your understanding of good project management and health and safety management as appropriate within the context of your chosen project and event.
The report will present the context/background of the chosen project, describe the project, and present student’s critical reflection and thoughts on the management of one particular event/issue of project. The impacts of the event/issue on (1) people, (2) cost, (3) time, (4) health and safety, (5) sustainability, and (6) Ethics will be explored. Using the theory and tools presented in the lectures across the module as well as their own independent research, students should suggest and discuss solutions to (1) overcome the challenges and manage the risks associated with the event/issue, and (2) improve the efficiency, sustainability and ethics of the management of the event/issue.
Appendices and references must be used to demonstrate study that has been undertaken and to provide sources for points made in the body of the report. This will include copies of any individual or group student work undertaken during the module.
The student should refer to the learning materials and readings provided across the module, but are also recommended to give appropriate regard to any additional useful material available online in terms of theory and practice.
.
1. Research the assessment process for ELL students in your state. W.docxblondellchancy
1. Research the assessment process for ELL students in your state. What is the process your district goes through to properly identify students for ESL program placement?
2. Planning for effective instruction is the key to academic success for students. Using data to inform instruction is a regular process. Discuss how teachers can use longitudinal data along with other formative classroom assessments to design effective instruction.
200-300
.
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We have seen the emergence of the Human Age, where talent is the new differentiator. Yet organizations around the world struggle to find the talent they need. This is especially problematic, because 75 million Baby Boomers will retire within the next 10 to 15 years. Between now and then, there will be a lot of jobs to fill, and if finding great talent is difficult now, organizations are going to have to up their recruiting game, or suffer the consequences of being understaffed.
This document discusses employer demand for and challenges with hiring youth workers. It finds that many employers need entry-level workers to fill positions, and cite benefits of hiring youth like their technical skills and ability to engage customers. However, employers also face challenges like difficulty finding the right candidates, issues with soft skills, and high turnover. The document highlights some employer programs that are successfully hiring and training youth through partnerships with nonprofits and a focus on long-term workforce development.
Across employers and industries, we have heard stories about the value young people bring to the workplace. Employers in manufacturing cited the need for serious hand-eye coordination and reported positive experiences with young people filling these roles. Others cited the benefit of having youth in their companies who can use evolving technologies. For others, especially firms that need a lot of entry-level employees, young workers are their lifeblood.
Youth Hold the Key: Building Your Workforce Today and in the Future focuses on the role that youth can play in helping employers meet some of their current and looming workforce challenges, and how companies can improve how they hire and retain youth. The findings are based on a recent survey of 350 employers, more than 80 interviews with employers and workforce experts conducted during 2014 by The Bridgespan Group and Bain & Company, as well as a review of published literature. Much of this work focused on the potential of the millions of young people—referred to here as "opportunity youth"—who are disconnected from both work and school, and lack a college degree, to address the needs of employers.
This document discusses youth employment from the perspective of employers. It finds that employers see significant value in hiring young workers to fill many entry-level positions. However, employers also face challenges in hiring and retaining youth. The document outlines business reasons why employers want to hire youth, including to fill large numbers of entry-level jobs, support technological changes, and engage younger customers. It also discusses the projected demand for entry-level workers and obstacles to matching youth to jobs. While employers recognize benefits of youth employment, they experience challenges such as finding the right candidates, soft skills deficiencies, and retention issues that can outweigh the benefits. The document advocates for partnerships to help address youth unemployment and meet employer needs.
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This document discusses the challenges facing IT hiring managers. It outlines 7 primary challenges: 1) finding candidates with required hard and soft skills due to lack of training opportunities; 2) convincing employed candidates to change jobs; 3) complexities of using social media for recruiting; 4) decreasing effectiveness of online job boards; 5) inefficient hiring processes that can last over 2 months; 6) misaligned salary expectations as candidates demand higher pay; and 7) hiring managers having insufficient time for recruiting. The document provides details on each challenge and cites research supporting the increasing difficulties in IT hiring.
The document discusses 5 key trends changing the talent acquisition landscape:
1. Diversity hiring is becoming a priority as companies recognize the benefits of a diverse workforce. However, many organizations still lack concrete plans and fall short of their diversity goals.
2. Technology is playing a bigger role in recruiting through specialized tools that use analytics, AI, and machine learning to increase efficiency.
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Strayer University - OnlineHRM-510 Business Employment Law .docxdarwinming1
Strayer University - Online
HRM-510: Business Employment Law
August 12, 2018
The Hiring Process and Managing a Diverse Workforce
As the HR Director of my association, I must utilize an assortment of business laws to build arrangements and techniques that help the advancement of a decent variety in the work environment. My present association is looking for an Executive Administrative Assistant who will work intimately with an answer to the Chief Legal Officer. My organization obviously, empowers everybody who is keen on the situation to apply as we are at last looking to enlist the best individual for the position. As the HR Director, I have seen a few episodes that finished with legitimate activity because specific business laws were not utilized while making the association’s enrollment strategies and application process. I must guarantee that I shield the association from lawful repercussions, as well as devise compelling strategies and plans that secure potential and existing representatives. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans Disabilities Acts are just a couple of the fundamental laws that add to the work laws that are expected of bosses to use amid all phases of the enlisting procedure.
Enrollment or Employment Methods
Conveying the accessibility of business chances to work searchers is the initial phase in the enrollment procedure. It is critical that business laws are remembered when creating enrollment techniques for an association. As the HR Director, I have chosen that the best and best enrollment strategies for my association are 1) Social Media 2) Job Advertisements and 3) Employment/Recruitment Agencies.
Online networking has assumed control over this age and is associating individuals in more routes than one. Numerous associations are bouncing on the online networking fleeting trend and have begun their own Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter accounts. More professionally, there are internet-based life organizing locales particularly for job seekers like
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Your internet-based life movement likewise extends your boss image, indicating hopefuls what your authoritative culture resembles. That is incredible for drawing in top ability, accepting your way of life is great. It works the other much as ...
Employees were surveyed about what factors are important in their careers. While work-life balance, job security, and financial rewards were universally rated as very important, there were differences among subgroups:
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Social media and digital marketing are becoming the new norm in recruiting. Recruiting budgets and volumes are increasing for the first time in 4 years, putting pressure on talent acquisition leaders to scale operations while doing more with less. Competition is the top obstacle to attracting talent, especially for US companies. Social professional networks have become the top source of quality hires, growing 57% over the past 4 years. Employer branding and passive candidate recruitment are also major competitive threats. Mobile recruiting is on the rise as the talent industry embraces new technologies.
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best practice in RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION Preeti Bhaskar
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1. Report content
The report should demonstrate your understanding of good project management and health and safety management as appropriate within the context of your chosen project and event.
The report will present the context/background of the chosen project, describe the project, and present student’s critical reflection and thoughts on the management of one particular event/issue of project. The impacts of the event/issue on (1) people, (2) cost, (3) time, (4) health and safety, (5) sustainability, and (6) Ethics will be explored. Using the theory and tools presented in the lectures across the module as well as their own independent research, students should suggest and discuss solutions to (1) overcome the challenges and manage the risks associated with the event/issue, and (2) improve the efficiency, sustainability and ethics of the management of the event/issue.
Appendices and references must be used to demonstrate study that has been undertaken and to provide sources for points made in the body of the report. This will include copies of any individual or group student work undertaken during the module.
The student should refer to the learning materials and readings provided across the module, but are also recommended to give appropriate regard to any additional useful material available online in terms of theory and practice.
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1. Research the assessment process for ELL students in your state. What is the process your district goes through to properly identify students for ESL program placement?
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200-300
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1. Review the three articles about Inflation that are of any choice.
2. Locate two JOURNAL articles which discuss this topic further. You need to focus on the Abstract, Introduction, Results, and Conclusion. For our purposes, you are not expected to fully understand the Data and Methodology.
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1. Read the RiskReport to see what requirements are.
2. Read the Interim Risk Assessment to see the current state of paper that needs to be revised.
3. Use the RiskReport and the details below on what is missing to revise paper.
Feedback on changes needed to the Risk Assessment Plan
Risk Assessment Plan: Purpose does not make reference to BRI at all. Provide context. Scope, assumptions and constraints appear reasonable, but you can add an assumption or constraint regarding budget.
Need to elaborate on how risk is determine using the qualitative approach.
1. Title
IT Security Risk Assessment
2. Introduction
You are employed with Government Security Consultants, a subsidiary of Largo Corporation. As a member of IT security consultant team, one of your responsibilities is to ensure the security of assets as well as provide a secure environment for customers, partners and employees. You and the team play a key role in defining, implementing and maintaining the IT security strategy in organizations.
A government agency called the Bureau of Research and Intelligence (BRI) is tasked with gathering and analyzing information to support U.S. diplomats.
In a series of New York Times articles, BRI was exposed as being the victim of several security breaches. As a follow up, the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) conducted a comprehensive review of the agency’s information security controls and identified numerous issues.
The head of the agency has contracted your company to conduct an IT security risk assessment on its operations. This risk assessment was determined to be necessary to address security gaps in the agency’s critical operational areas and to determine actions to close those gaps. It is also meant to ensure that the agency invests time and money in the right areas and does not waste resources. After conducting the assessment, you are to develop a final report that summarizes the findings and provides a set of recommendations. You are to convince the agency to implement your recommendations.
This learning activity focuses on IT security which is an overarching concern that involves practically all facets of an organization’s activities. You will learn about the key steps of preparing for and conducting a security risk assessment and how to present the findings to leaders and convince them into taking appropriate action.
Understanding security capabilities is basic to the core knowledge, skills, and abilities that IT personnel are expected to possess. Information security is a significant concern among every organization and it may spell success or failure of its mission. Effective IT professionals are expected to be up-to-date on trends in IT security, current threats and vulnerabilities, state-of-the-art security safeguards, and security policies and procedures. IT professionals must be able to communicate effectively (oral and written) to executive level management in a non-jargon, executive .
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1. Quantitative: According to the scoring criteria for the BAI, a score of 21 or below indicates very low anxiety. What percentage of each group’s scores falls below that clinical cutoff?
Qualitative: Based on the qualitative responses, what percentage of the participants articulated a feeling of improvement?
.
1. Prof. Lennart Van der Zeil’s theorem says that any programmin.docxblondellchancy
1. Prof. Lennart Van der Zeil’s theorem says that any programming language is
complete
if it can be used to write a program to compute any computable number.
a. What is a computable number?
b. What is a non-computable number?
c. If all existing programming languages are complete why do we need more than one?
2. Two methodologies are used to transform programs written in a
source language
(also known as a
programmer-oriented language
, or a horizontal language, or a high-level language) into a
target language
(also known as a machine language, or a vertical language, or a low-level language). There is a static method called
translation
and a dynamic method called
interpretation
. Yet FORTRAN while 98% static ., uses interpretation for the Formatted I/O statement, similarly COBOL uses interpretation for the MOVE and MOVE CORRESPONDING statements; on the other hand, Java is fully interpretative except that in some programs and certain data sets it may invoke a JIT (Just In Time) compiler to execute a bit of static code
. Why do language designers mix these modalities if either is complete?
Hint: This is a long question with a short answer.
3. C and C++ store numerical arrays (matrices) in
row major
order and each index range must begin with 0; whereas FORTRAN stores arrays in
column major
order and the (default) index range starts (almost always) with 1. Engineers and scientists are often faced with the problem of converting a working program, or much more often a subroutine, from one language to another. Unfortunately, due to the index range difference (0 to n-1) in C/C++ and (1 to N) in FORTRAN, viewing one array as simply the transpose of the other will not suffice. What steps would you take to convert such a subroutine to compute the product of two matrices A(N,M) and B(M,N) to produce C(N,N) from FORTRAN to C++?
4. What was the major reason Jim Gosling invented Java? Did he succeed?
5. What are the four major features of C++ that were eliminated in Java? Why were they taken out? Why do we not miss them?
6. What was Kim Polese’ role at SUN Microsystems and why did she think Java should be positioned as a general purpose computer programming language? How did she accomplish this truly incredible feat, not done since Captain (later Admiral) Grace Murray Hopper, USN standardized COBOL in the early 1960s.
7. Describe briefly the role of women in the development of computer programming and computer programming languages. (Ada Lovelace, Betty Holberton, Grace Hopper, Mandaly Grems, Kim Polese, Laura Lemay)
8. What are the pros and cons of overloaded operators in C++? Java has only one, what is it?
9. State your own arguments for allowing mixed mode arithmetic statements. (See Ch 7)
10. What is BNF and why are meta-languages like BNF and EBNF used?
.
1. Review the results of your assessment using the explanation.docxblondellchancy
1. Review the results of your assessment using the explanation below.
2. Write at least 200 words describing the results, how you learn best, and how you will modify your study techniques to fit your learning style.
What do the results mean? Barbara Soloman, Coordinator of Advising, First Year College, North Carolina State University explains:
· Active Learners: tend to retain and understand information best by doing something active with it like discussing or explaining it to others. They enjoy group work.
· Reflective Learners: prefer to think about it quietly first. They prefer to work alone.
· Sensing Learners: tend to like learning facts. They are patient with details and good at memorizing things. They are practical and careful.
· Intuitive Learners: prefer discovering possibilities and relationships. They are good at grasping new concepts and are comfortable with abstractions and mathematical formulations. They are innovative and creative.
· Visual Learners: remember best what they see--pictures, diagrams, flowcharts, timelines, films, and demonstrations.
· Verbal Learners: get more out of words--written and spoken explanations. Everyone learns more when information is presented both visually and verbally.
· Sequential Learners: tend to gain understanding in linear steps, with each step following logically from the previous one. They follow logical steps when finding solutions.
· Global Learners: Global learners tend to learn in large jumps, absorbing material almost randomly without seeing connections, and then suddenly "getting it." They may be able to solve complex problems quickly or put things together in novel ways once they have grasped the big picture, but they may have difficulty explaining how they did it.
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1. Search the internet and learn about the cases of nurses Julie.docxblondellchancy
1. Search the internet and learn about the cases of nurses Julie Thao and Kimberly Hiatt.
2. List and discuss lessons that you and all healthcare professionals can learn from these two cases.
3. Describe how the principle of beneficence and the virtue of benevolence could be applied to these cases. Do you think the hospital administrators handled the situations legally and ethically?
4. In addition to benevolence, which other virtues exhibited by their colleagues might have helped Thao and Hiatt?
5. Discuss personal virtues that might be helpful to second victims themselves to navigate the grieving process.
All discussion boards should be submitted in APA style (7th edition
.
1. Qualitative or quantitative paperresearch required(Use stati.docxblondellchancy
1. Qualitative or quantitative paper/research required(Use statistics and numbers or facts.
2. Apply Statistics, numbers, research
3. Primary Sources explained
4. APA Formatting(Do not use the word “I”, do not use opinions in papers do not use “we”or pronouns)
5. Write a 5 page paper (8 in total-cover page and reference page), you can go over
APA FORMAT
5 scholarly sources
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This document instructs the reader to prepare two one-page papers, with the first focusing on associative analysis and the second focusing on either decision trees or discriminant analysis with a comparison of the two. Both papers should be double spaced, cite sources using APA format, and allow for internet research to supplement the information provided.
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1. Prepare a comparative table in which you contrast the characteristics and details of the origins and development of social work in the United States, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean. Bring your comparison chart to the workshop to participate in a collaborative activity. The student will identify the most significant historical events in the United States that influenced the development and evolution of the Social Work profession.
2. Look for information on the following agencies:
1. National Association of Social Workers (NASW)
2. International Federation of Social Work (IFSW)
3. Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB)
4. Council on Social Work Education (CSWE)
Be prepared to participate in a collaborative activity during the workshop.
3. Write a reflective essay of at least two pages, and elaborate on the following aspects:
1. What is the current state of Social Work in the United States?
2. What do you focus on and what are the functions of current (modern) social work in the United States?
3. Explain the historical events that impacted the different ways of practicing social work.
Remember that an essay is made up of three basic parts: introduction, body or middle, and conclusion. In a reflective essay, the student must effectively combine the concepts and foundations of the discipline of study (definitions, history, prominent figures) with their experiences applicable to the topic of discussion or the guiding questions.
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1.
Portfolio part II
a) APRN protocol also known as collaborative agreement with supervising physician(s).
b.) business proposal (refer to portfolio explanation/examples found on your BB lecture section.
There is an example of a business proposal. Use the example to create a brief business proposal with no more than two pages word or power point as your choice;
c.) Create a LinkedIn page and send me a proof of you creating the link.
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1. Post the link to one news article, preferably a piece of rece.docxblondellchancy
1. Post the link to
one
news article, preferably a piece of recent news (2 points)
2. Explain
A) Which concepts (in which chapters) we learn in class is this news related to (4 points).
B) Specifically, how this concept is demonstrated in the news in your perspective (11 points).
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1. Please explain fixed and flexible budgeting. Provide an example of budgeting for three
consecutive periods in which safety margin is included for flexibility
2. Explain statement of cash flows proforma and its significance in budgeting. Provide a
hypothetical example of a statement of cash flows in a manufacturing enterprise.
.
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1. Open and print the "Week 6 Assignment".
2. The assignment has four parts: A, B, C, and D.
(Part A has been created for use of the Access program where the data source recipients are to be created. However, if you do not have the Access program then you will need to create the data source recipients with the Excel program before you begin keying the letters for the mail merge. Also, If you are using Excel then be certain to create the label headers in each column with the data source recipient information beneath the headers. Whether you use Access or Excel you MUST save the data source in the Week 6 folder in which you will upload.
If you do not save the data source recipients in the folder then I am not able to grade your assignment
.)
3. Create a folder: [your last name]-Week6 (be sure to save to a disk device/hard drive NOT the desktop area.)
5. Complete the assignment as instructed and Save all work in [your last name]-Week6 folder.
6. Zip the folder and upload in the Week 6 Assignment Upload. DO NOT ATTACH THE FOLDER TO EMAIL, IT WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. I will review the assignment and send you comments about the graded work.
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1. Plato’s Republic takes as its point of departure the question of .docxblondellchancy
1. Plato’s Republic takes as its point of departure the question of the nature of:
A. JusticeB. ImmortalityC. TimeD. Equality
2. The most accurate way to describe Thrasymachus’ intervention onto the scene in Book I is:
A. He maintains that happiness is unattainable.B. He maintains that only the gods are just. C. He maintains that justice is the advantage of the strong.D. He maintains that justice and injustice are figments of the imagination.
3. In Book I, Thrasymachus’ ironic argument ad hominem is :
A. Socrates needs a wet-nurse.B. Socrates is ugly.C. Socrates should put himself to bed.D. Socrates should not have gone to last night’s banquet.
4. In Book II, Glaucon tells the myth of a ring, the point of which is to illustrate:
A. That we prize material goods above all else.B. That the rich decide what is just and unjust.C. That anyone will commit injustice when they can get away without punishment.D. That myth-telling is essential to philosophy.
5. In Book III, Socrates suggests the city adopt a noble lie, according to which:
A. There are three sorts of beings: humans, angels, and demons.B. Into our natures were mixed one of three metals: gold, silver, or bronze. C. Everyone will live virtuously in a just city.D. The just city lasts forever.
.
1. Objective Learn why and how to develop a plan that encompasses a.docxblondellchancy
1. Objective: Learn why and how to develop a plan that encompasses all components of a security system.
Use the information found at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/safetech/chapter5.asp
to research how determining possible physical threats may affect the choice of physical security countermeasures while planning new or updated security systems.
2. Objective: Determine the placement of physical barriers in integration with other components of the security system.
Research the different types of physical barriers and how they fit the needs of different types of facilities. Use the information found at
http://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/phys_sec/deter/index.htm.
APA Format , references & citations.
.
1. Open the attached Excel Assignment.xlsx” file and name it LastN.docxblondellchancy
1. Open the attached “Excel Assignment.xlsx” file and name it “LastName_FirstInitial - Excel Assignment.xlsx”. 2. Set the page orientation to landscape. Change the student name(s) to your name(s). 3. Wrap the text in the column headings A4:J4 and A14:H14 in Sheet 1 and set the column width to (approximately) 10 for columns B to J. 4. Calculate the Gross Pay (F5:F9) using the following formula: Pay Rate times Regular Hours plus 1.5 times Pay Rate times O/T Hours. 5. Display the Taxable Benefits (G5:I9) in the following way: apply a formula/function to allocate and return the appropriate weekly amount of Dental, Insurance, and Medical based on his/her Benefits Level and the corresponding taxable benefit to this code in Sheet 2. The assumptions, the taxable benefit rates, and the tax rates (all in Sheet 2) may be subject to changes, so all formulas should be created in a way so that they would reflect any changes in Sheet 2 automatically. 6. Calculate the Taxable Income (Gross Pay plus Taxable Benefits). 7. Use the Taxable Income (J5:J9) to automatically locate the Federal and Provincial Tax withholdings from the Tax Table on Sheet 2. For example: Federal Tax = Taxable Income * Federal Tax %. 8. Calculate the Employ. Insurance and Govt. Pension contributions based on the Gross Pay (Note: Gross Pay not Taxable Income). The contribution percentages are located in the Assumption area in Sheet 2. Calculate the Total Deductions as a sum of all deductions (Federal Tax, Provincial Tax, Employ. Insurance, and Govt. Pension). 9. Calculate the Net Amount by subtracting the Total Deductions from the Gross Pay. 10. Calculate the totals in B20:G20 11. Insert cheque number 121 in H15 and create a formula that will automatically number all the rest of cheques in sequence. 12. Format the title as Arial 16 pt., bold, italic and merge and centre it across columns A:J. 13. Format all dollar values as: number, 2 decimal places, 1,000 separators and no dollar sign. 14. Centre the contents of the Benefits Level (B5:B9) and the Cheque No. (H15:H19) columns. 15. Format the borders and headings as shown in the example below.
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1. must be a research article from either pubmed or google scholar..docxblondellchancy
1. must be a research article from either pubmed or google scholar.
2. the article you select must have an abstract, introduction/ background, materials &methods, results, conclusion
3. summarize the article you selected
4. no plagiarism
5. must include reference
.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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48 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201948 Harvard Business Rev.docx
1. 48 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201948 Harvard
Business ReviewMay–June 2019
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 49Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
49Photographs by JOHN KUCZALA
Your Approach to
Hiring Is All Wrong
B U S I N E S S E S H AV E N E V E R done as much hiring
as they do today.
They’ve never spent as much money doing it. And they’ve never
done a worse job of it.
For most of the post–World War II era, large corporations went
about hiring this way: Human resources experts prepared a
detailed
job analysis to determine what tasks the job required and what
attributes a good candidate should have. Next they did a job
evalu-
ation to determine how the job fit into the organizational chart
and
how much it should pay, especially compared with other jobs.
Ads
were posted, and applicants applied. Then came the task of
sorting
through the applicants. That included skills tests, reference
checks,
maybe personality and IQ tests, and extensive interviews to
2. learn
more about them as people. William H. Whyte, in The
Organization
Man, described this process as going on for as long as a week
before
Peter Cappelli
Professor,
the Wharton School
Outsourcing and algorithms won’t
get you the people you need.
50 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
subcontractors can scan websites that
programmers might visit, trace their
“digital exhaust” from cookies and
other user-tracking measures to iden-
tify who they are, and then examine
their curricula vitae.
At companies that still do their own
recruitment and hiring, managers
trying to fill open positions are largely
left to figure out what the jobs require
and what the ads should say. When
applications come—always electron-
ically—applicant-tracking software
sifts through them for key words that
the hiring managers want to see. Then
the process moves into the Wild West,
where a new industry of vendors offer
an astonishing array of smart-sounding
3. tools that claim to predict who will be
a good hire. They use voice recogni-
tion, body language, clues on social
media, and especially machine learning
algorithms—everything but tea leaves.
Entire publications are devoted to what
these vendors are doing.
The big problem with all these new
practices is that we don’t know whether
they actually produce satisfactory hires.
Only about a third of U.S. companies
report that they monitor whether their
hiring practices lead to good employees;
few of them do so carefully, and only
a minority even track cost per hire and
time to hire. Imagine if the CEO asked
how an advertising campaign had gone,
and the response was “We have a good
idea how long it took to roll out and
what it cost, but we haven’t looked to
see whether we’re selling more.”
Hiring talent remains the number
one concern of CEOs in the most recent
Conference Board Annual Survey;
it’s also the top concern of the entire
executive suite. PwC’s 2017 CEO survey
reports that chief executives view the
unavailability of talent and skills as
the biggest threat to their business.
Employers also spend an enormous
amount on hiring—an average of $4,129
per job in the United States, according
to Society for Human Resource Manage-
4. ment estimates, and many times that
amount for managerial roles—and the
United States fills a staggering 66 mil-
lion jobs a year. Most of the $20 billion
that companies spend on human
resources vendors goes to hiring.
Why do employers spend so much on
something so important while knowing
so little about whether it works?
WHERE THE PROBLEM STARTS
Survey after survey finds employers
complaining about how difficult hiring
is. There may be many explanations,
such as their having become very picky
about candidates, especially in the
Idea in
Brief
THE PROBLEM
Employers continue to hire at a high
rate and spend enormous sums to do
it. But they don’t know whether their
approaches are effective at finding
and selecting good candidates.
THE ROOT CAUSES
Businesses focus on external candidates
and don’t track the results of their
approaches. They often use outside
vendors and high-tech tools that are
unproven and have inherent flaws.
THE SOLUTION
5. Return to filling most positions by
promoting from within. Measure the
results produced by vendors and
new tools, and be on the lookout for
discrimination and privacy violations.
the winning candidate was offered the
job. The vast majority of non-entry-
level openings were filled from within.
Today’s approach couldn’t be more
different. Census data shows, for
example, that the majority of people
who took a new job last year weren’t
searching for one: Somebody came
and got them. Companies seek to fill
their recruiting funnel with as many
candidates as possible, especially “pas-
sive candidates,” who aren’t looking to
move. Often employers advertise jobs
that don’t exist, hoping to find people
who might be useful later on or in a
different context.
The recruiting and hiring function
has been eviscerated. Many U.S.
companies—about 40%, according to
research by Korn Ferry—have out-
sourced much if not all of the hiring
process to familiar organizations such
as Randstad, Manpower, and Adecco,
which in turn use subcontractors,
typically in India and the Philippines.
The subcontractors scour LinkedIn and
social media to find potential candi-
dates. They sometimes contact them
6. directly to see whether they can be
persuaded to apply for a position and
negotiate the salary they’re willing to
accept. (The recruiters get incentive pay
if they negotiate the amount down.) To
hire programmers, for example, these
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 51
slack labor market of the Great Reces-
sion. But clearly they are hiring much
more than at any other time in modern
history, for two reasons.
The first is that openings are now
filled more often by hiring from the
outside than by promoting from within.
In the era of lifetime employment, from
the end of World War II through the
1970s, corporations filled roughly 90%
of their vacancies through promotions
and lateral assignments. Today the
figure is a third or less. When they
hire from outside, organizations don’t
have to pay to train and develop their
employees. Since the restructuring
waves of the early 1980s, it has been rel-
atively easy to find experienced talent
outside. Only 28% of talent acquisition
leaders today report that internal candi-
dates are an important source of people
to fill vacancies—presumably because
of less internal development and fewer
7. clear career ladders.
Less promotion internally means
that hiring efforts are no longer concen-
trated on entry-level jobs and recent
graduates. (If you doubt this, go to the
“careers” link on any company website
and look for a job opening that doesn’t
require prior experience.) Now com-
panies must be good at hiring across
most levels, because the candidates
they want are already doing the job
somewhere else. These people don’t
need training, so they may be ready
to contribute right away, but they are
much harder to find.
The second reason hiring is so diffi-
cult is that retention has become tough:
Companies hire from their competitors
and vice versa, so they have to keep
replacing people who leave. Census and
Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows
that 95% of hiring is done to fill existing
positions. Most of those vacancies are
caused by voluntary turnover. LinkedIn
data indicates that the most common
reason employees consider a position
elsewhere is career advancement—
which is surely related to employers’
not promoting to fill vacancies.
The root cause of most hiring, there-
fore, is drastically poor retention. Here
are some simple ways to fix that:
8. Track the percentage of openings
filled from within. An adage of business
is that we manage what we measure,
but companies don’t seem to be
applying that maxim to tracking hires.
Most are shocked to learn how few of
their openings are filled from within—is
it really the case that their people can’t
handle different and bigger roles?
Require that all openings be posted
internally. Internal job boards were
created during the dot-com boom to
reduce turnover by making it easier for
people to find new jobs within their
existing employer. Managers weren’t
even allowed to know if a subordi-
nate was looking to move within the
company, for fear that they would try to
block that person and he or she would
leave. But during the Great Recession
employees weren’t quitting, and many
companies slid back to the old model
whereby managers could prevent their
subordinates from moving internally.
JR Keller, of Cornell University, has
found that when managers could fill
a vacancy with someone they already
had in mind, they ended up with
employees who performed more poorly
than those hired when the job had been
posted and anyone could apply. The
commonsense explanation for this is
that few enterprises really know what
9. talent and capabilities they have.
Recognize the costs of outside
hiring. In addition to the time and
effort of hiring, my colleague Matthew
Bidwell found, outside hires take three
years to perform as well as internal
hires in the same job, while internal
hires take seven years to earn as much
as outside hires are paid. Outside hiring
also causes current employees to spend
time and energy positioning them-
selves for jobs elsewhere. It disrupts
the culture and burdens peers who
must help new hires figure out how
things work.
Finding out whether your practices result
in good hires is not only basic to good
management but the only real defense
against claims of adverse impact and
discrimination. Other than white males
under age 40 with no disabilities or work-
related health problems, workers have
special protections under federal and
state laws against hiring practices that
may have an adverse impact on them. As
a practical matter, that means if members
of a particular group are less likely to be
recruited or hired, the employer must show
that the hiring process is not discriminatory.
The only defense against evidence of
adverse impact is for the employer to show
that its hiring practices are valid—that is,
they predict who will be a good employee
10. in meaningful and statistically significant
ways—and that no alternative would predict
as well with less adverse impact. That
analysis must be conducted with data on
the employer’s own applicants and hires.
The fact that the vendor that sold you the
test you use has evidence that it was valid
in other contexts is not sufficient.
Protecting Against
Discrimination
52 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
None of this is to suggest that
outside hiring is necessarily a bad idea.
But unless your company is a Silicon
Valley gazelle, adding new jobs at a
furious pace, you should ask yourself
some serious questions if most of your
openings are being filled from outside.
A different approach for dealing with
retention (which seems creepy to some)
is to try to determine who is interested
in leaving and then intervene. Vendors
like Jobvite comb social media and
public sites for clues, such as LinkedIn
profile updates. Measuring “flight risk”
is one of the most common goals of
companies that do their own sophisti-
cated HR analytics. This is reminiscent
of the early days of job boards, when
employers would try to find out who
11. was posting résumés and either punish
them or embrace them, depending on
leadership’s mood.
Whether companies should be
examining social media content
in relation to hiring or any other
employment action is a challenging
ethical question. On one hand, the
information is essentially public and
may reveal relevant information. On
the other hand, it is invasive, and
candidates are rarely asked for permis-
sion to scrutinize their information.
Hiring a private detective to shadow
a candidate would also gather public
information that might be relevant,
yet most people would view it as an
unacceptable invasion of privacy.
THE HIRING PROCESS
When we turn to hiring itself, we
find that employers are missing the
forest for the trees: Obsessed with new
technologies and driving down costs,
they largely ignore the ultimate goal:
making the best possible hires. Here’s
how the process should be revamped:
Don’t post “phantom jobs.” It
costs nothing to post job openings
on a company website, which are
then scooped up by Indeed and other
online companies and pushed out
to potential job seekers around the
12. world. Thus it may be unsurprising
that some of these jobs don’t really
exist. Employers may simply be fishing
for candidates. (“Let’s see if someone
really great is out there, and if so, we’ll
create a position for him or her.”) Often
job ads stay up even after positions
have been filled, to keep collecting
candidates for future vacancies or just
because it takes more effort to pull the
ad down than to leave it up. Some-
times ads are posted by unscrupulous
recruiters looking for résumés to pitch
to clients elsewhere. Because these
phantom jobs make the labor market
look tighter than it really is, they are a
problem for economic policy makers
as well as for frustrated job seekers.
Companies should take ads down
when jobs are filled.
Design jobs with realistic
requirements. Figuring out what the
requirements of a job should be—and
the corresponding attributes candi-
dates must have—is a bigger challenge
now, because so many companies
have reduced the number of internal
recruiters whose function, in part, is
to push back on hiring managers’ wish
lists. (“That job doesn’t require 10
years of experience,” or “No one with
all those qualifications will be willing
to accept the salary you’re proposing
to pay.”) My earlier research found that
13. companies piled on job requirements,
baked them into the applicant-tracking
software that sorted résumés according
to binary decisions (yes, it has the key
word; no, it doesn’t), and then found
that virtually no applicants met all
the criteria. Trimming recruiters, who
have expertise in hiring, and handing
the process over to hiring managers is
a prime example of being penny-wise
and pound-foolish.
Reconsider your focus on passive
candidates. The recruiting process
begins with a search for experienced
people who aren’t looking to move.
This is based on the notion that some-
thing may be wrong with anyone who
wants to leave his or her current job. (Of
the more than 20,000 talent profession-
als who responded to a LinkedIn survey
in 2015, 86% said their recruiting
organizations focused “very much so”
or “to some extent” on passive candi-
dates; I suspect that if anything, that
number has since grown.) Recruiters
know that the vast majority of people
are open to moving at the right price:
Surveys of employees find that only
about 15% are not open to moving. As
the economist Harold Demsetz said
when asked by a competing university
if he was happy working where he was:
“Make me unhappy.”
Fascinating evidence from the
14. LinkedIn survey cited above shows that
although self-identified “passive” job
seekers are different from “active”
job seekers, it’s not in the way we might
think. The number one factor that
would encourage the former to move
is more money. For active candidates
the top factor is better work and
Obsessed with new technologies and driving down
costs, employers largely ignore the ultimate goal:
making the best possible hires.
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 53Photographs by TONY ROSLUND
54 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
career opportunities. More active than
passive job seekers report that they are
passionate about their work, engaged in
improving their skills, and reasonably
satisfied with their current jobs. They
seem interested in moving because
they are ambitious, not because they
want higher pay.
Employers spend a vastly dispro-
portionate amount of their budgets on
recruiters who chase passive candi-
dates, but on average they fill only 11%
of their positions with individually
15. targeted people, according to research
by Gerry Crispin and Chris Hoyt, of
CareerXroads. I know of no evidence
that passive candidates become better
employees, let alone that the process is
cost-effective. If you focus on passive
candidates, think carefully about what
that actually gets you. Better yet, check
your data to find out.
Understand the limits of referrals.
The most popular channel for finding
new hires is through employee
referrals; up to 48% come from them,
according to LinkedIn research. It
seems like a cheap way to go, but does
it produce better hires? Many employ-
ers think so. It’s hard to know whether
that’s true, however, given that they
don’t check. And research by Emilio
Castilla and colleagues suggests other-
wise: They find that when referrals
work out better than other hires, it’s
because their referrers look after them
and essentially onboard them. If a refer-
rer leaves before the new hire begins,
the latter’s performance is no better
than that of nonreferrals, which is why
it makes sense to pay referral bonuses
six months or so after the person is
hired—if he or she is still there.
A downside to referrals, of course,
is that they can lead to a homogeneous
workforce, because the people we
know tend to be like us. This matters
16. greatly for organizations interested in
diversity, since recruiting is the only
avenue allowed under U.S. law to
increase diversity in a workforce. The
Supreme Court has ruled that demo-
graphic criteria cannot be used even to
break ties among candidates.
Measure the results. Few employ-
ers know which channel produces
the best candidates at the lowest cost
because they don’t track the outcomes.
Tata is an exception: It has long done
what I advocate. For college recruiting,
for example, it calculates which schools
send it employees who perform the
best, stay the longest, and are paid the
lowest starting wage. Other employ-
ers should follow suit and monitor
recruiting channels and employees’
performance to identify which sources
produce the best results.
Persuade fewer people to apply.
The hiring industry pays a great deal
of attention to “the funnel,” whereby
readers of a company’s job postings
become applicants, are interviewed,
and ultimately are offered jobs.
Contrary to the popular belief that
the U.S. job market is extremely tight
right now, most jobs still get lots of
applicants. Recruiting and hiring
consultants and vendors estimate that
about 2% of applicants receive offers.
Unfortunately, the main effort to
17. improve hiring—virtually always aimed
at making it faster and cheaper—has
been to shovel more applicants into the
funnel. Employers do that primarily
through marketing, trying to get out the
word that they are great places to work.
Whether doing this is a misguided way
of trying to attract better hires or just
meant to make the organization feel
more desirable isn’t clear.
Much better to go in the other
direction: Create a smaller but better-
qualified applicant pool to improve
the yield. Here’s why: Every applicant
costs you money—especially now,
in a labor market where applicants
have started to “ghost” employers,
abandoning their applications midway
through the process. Every application
also exposes a company to legal risk,
because the company has obligations
to candidates (not to discriminate, for
example) just as it does to employees.
And collecting lots of applicants in a
wide funnel means that a great many
of them won’t fit the job or the com-
pany, so employers have to rely on
the next step of the hiring process—
selection—to weed them out. As we
will see, employers aren’t good at that.
Organizations are much more interested in external
talent than in their own employees to fill vacancies.
18. Top channels for quality hires
Based on a 2017 survey of 3,973 talent-acquisition decision
makers
who work in corporate HR departments and are LinkedIn
members.
Source: LinkedIn
48%
46
40
34
28
Employee referrals
Third-party websites or online job boards
Social or professional networks
Third-party recruiters or staffing firms
Internal hires
The Grass Is
Always Greener...
Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 55
19. Once people are candidates, they
may not be completely honest about
their skills or interests—because they
want to be hired—and employers’ abil-
ity to find out the truth is limited. More
than a generation ago the psychologist
John Wanous proposed giving appli-
cants a realistic preview of what the job
is like. That still makes sense as a way to
head off those who would end up being
unhappy in the job. It’s not surprising
that Google has found a way to do this
with gamification: Job seekers see what
the work would be like by playing a
game version of it. Marriott has done
the same, even for low-level employ-
ees. Its My Marriott Hotel game targets
young people in developing countries
who may have had little experience in
hotels to show them what it’s like and
to steer them to the recruiting site if
they score well on the game. The key
for any company, though, is that the
preview should make clear what is diffi-
cult and challenging about the work as
well as why it’s fun so that candidates
who don’t fit won’t apply.
It should be easy for candidates
to learn about a company and a job,
but making it really easy to apply, just
to fill up that funnel, doesn’t make
much sense. During the dot-com
boom Texas Instruments cleverly
introduced a preemployment test that
20. allowed applicants to see their scores
before they applied. If their scores
weren’t high enough for the company
to take their applications seriously,
they tended not to proceed, and the
company saved the cost of having to
process their applications.
If the goal is to get better hires in
a cost-effective manner, it’s more
important to scare away candidates
who don’t fit than to jam more candi-
dates into the recruiting funnel.
Test candidates’ standard skills.
How to determine which candidates to
hire—what predicts who will be a good
employee—has been rigorously studied
at least since World War I. The person-
nel psychologists who investigated this
have learned much about predicting
good hires that contemporary organiza-
tions have since forgotten, such as that
neither college grades nor unstructured
sequential interviews (hopping from
office to office) are a good predictor,
whereas past performance is.
Since it can be difficult (if not impos-
sible) to glean sufficient information
about an outside applicant’s past perfor-
mance, what other predictors are good?
There is remarkably little consensus
even among experts. That’s mainly
because a typical job can have so many
21. tasks and aspects, and different factors
predict success at different tasks.
There is general agreement, how-
ever, that testing to see whether indi-
viduals have standard skills is about
the best we can do. Can the candidate
speak French? Can she do simple
programming tasks? And so forth. But
just doing the tests is not enough. The
economists Mitchell Hoffman, Lisa B.
Kahn, and Danielle Li found that even
when companies conduct such tests,
hiring managers often ignore them—
and when they do, they get worse
hires. The psychologist Nathan Kuncel
and colleagues discovered that even
when hiring managers use objective
criteria and tests, applying their own
weights and judgment to those criteria
leads them to pick worse candidates
than if they had used a standard
formula. Only 40% of employers,
however, do any tests of skills or
general abilities, including IQ. What
are they doing instead? Seventy-four
percent do drug tests, including for
marijuana use; even employers in
states where recreational use is now
legal still seem to do so.
Be wary of vendors bearing high-
tech gifts. Into the testing void has
come a new group of entrepreneurs
who either are data scientists or
22. have them in tow. They bring a fresh
approach to the hiring process—but
often with little understanding of how
hiring actually works. John Sumser, of
HRExaminer, an online newsletter that
focuses on HR technology, estimates
that on average, companies get five to
seven pitches every day—almost all
of them about hiring—from vendors
using data science to address HR
issues. These vendors have all sorts
of cool-sounding assessments, such
as computer games that can be scored
to predict who will be a good hire. We
don’t know whether any of these actu-
ally lead to better hires, because few
of them are validated against actual
job performance. That aside, these
assessments have spawned a counter-
wave of vendors who help candidates
learn how to score well on them.
Lloyds Bank, for example, developed
a virtual-reality-based assessment of
candidate potential, and JobTestPrep
offers to teach potential candidates
how to do well on it. Especially for IT
and technical jobs, cheating on skills
tests and even video interviews (where
colleagues off camera give help) is
such a concern that eTeki and other
56 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 2019
specialized vendors help employers
23. figure out who is cheating in real time.
Revamp your interviewing pro-
cess. The amount of time employers
spend on interviews has almost dou-
bled since 2009, according to research
from Glassdoor. How much of that
increase represents delays in setting up
those interviews is impossible to tell,
but it provides at least a partial expla-
nation for why it takes longer to fill jobs
now. Interviews are arguably the most
difficult technique to get right, because
interviewers should stick to questions
that predict good hires—mainly about
past behavior or performance that’s
relevant to the tasks of the job—and ask
them consistently across candidates.
Just winging it and asking whatever
comes to mind is next to useless.
More important, interviews are
where biases most easily show up,
because interviewers do usually decide
on the fly what to ask of whom and
how to interpret the answer. Every-
one knows some executive who is
absolutely certain he knows the one
question that will really predict good
candidates (“If you were stranded on a
desert island…”). The sociologist Lauren
Rivera’s examination of interviews for
elite positions, such as those in pro-
fessional services firms, indicates that
hobbies, particularly those associated
24. with the rich, feature prominently as a
selection criterion.
Interviews are most important for
assessing “fit with our culture,” which
is the number one hiring criterion
employers report using, according to
research from the Rockefeller Founda-
tion. It’s also one of the squishiest attri-
butes to measure, because few organi-
zations have an accurate and consistent
view of their own culture—and even if
they do, understanding what attributes
represent a good fit is not straightfor-
ward. For example, does the fact that
an applicant belonged to a fraternity
reflect experience working with others
or elitism or bad attitudes toward
women? Should it be completely
irrelevant? Letting someone with no
experience or training make such calls
Recruiting managers desperately
need new tools, because the
existing ones—unstructured
interviews, personality tests,
personal referrals—aren’t very
effective. The newest develop-
ment in hiring, which is both
promising and worrying, is the
rise of data science–driven
algorithms to find and assess job
candidates. By my count, more
than 100 vendors are creating and
selling these tools to companies.
25. Unfortunately, data science—which
is still in its infancy when it comes
to recruiting and hiring—is not yet
the panacea employers hope for.
Vendors of these new tools
promise they will help reduce
the role that social bias plays in
hiring. And the algorithms can
indeed help identify good job
candidates who would previously
have been screened out for lack
of a certain education or social
pedigree. But these tools may also
identify and promote the use of
predictive variables that are (or
should be) troubling.
Because most data scientists
seem to know so little about the
context of employment, their tools
are often worse than nothing.
For instance, an astonishing
percentage build their models
by simply looking at attributes
of the “best performers” in
workplaces and then identifying
which job candidates have
the same attributes. They use
anything that’s easy to measure:
facial expressions, word choice,
comments on social media, and
so forth. But a failure to check
for any real difference between
high-performing and low-
26. performing employees on these
attributes limits their usefulness.
Furthermore, scooping up data
from social media or the websites
people have visited also raises
important questions about
privacy. True, the information
can be accessed legally; but
the individuals who created the
postings didn’t intend or authorize
them to be used for such
purposes. Furthermore, is
it fair that something you posted
as an undergrad can end up
driving your hiring algorithm a
generation later?
Another problem with machine
learning approaches is that
few employers collect the large
volumes of data—number of
hires, performance appraisals,
and so on—that the algorithms
require to make accurate
predictions. Although vendors
can theoretically overcome that
hurdle by aggregating data from
many employers, they don’t
really know whether individual
Data Science Can’t
Fix Hiring (Yet)
27. Harvard Business Review
May–June 2019 57
is a recipe for bad hires and, of course,
discriminatory behavior. Think hard
about whether your interviewing
protocols make any sense and resist the
urge to bring even more managers into
the interview process.
Recognize the strengths and weak-
nesses of machine learning models.
Culture fit is another area into which
new vendors are swarming. Typically
they collect data from current employ-
ees, create a machine learning model
to predict the attributes of the best
ones, and then use that model to hire
candidates with the same attributes.
As with many other things in this
new industry, that sounds good until
you think about it; then it becomes
replete with problems. Given the best
performers of the past, the algorithm
will almost certainly include white and
male as key variables. If it’s restricted
from using that category, it will come up
with attributes associated with being a
white male, such as playing rugby.
Machine learning models do have
the potential to find important but
previously unconsidered relationships.
Psychologists, who have dominated
28. research on hiring, have been keen
to study attributes relevant to their
interests, such as personality, rather
than asking the broader question
“What identifies a potential good hire?”
Their results gloss over the fact that
they often have only a trivial ability to
predict who will be a good performer,
particularly when many factors are
involved. Machine learning, in contrast,
can come up with highly predictive
factors. Research by Evolv, a workforce
analytics pioneer (now part of Corner-
stone OnDemand), found that expected
commuting distance for the candidate
predicted turnover very well. But
that’s not a question the psychological
models thought to ask. (And even that
question has problems.)
The advice on selection is straight-
forward: Test for skills. Ask assess-
ments vendors to show evidence that
they can actually predict who the good
employees will be. Do fewer, more-
consistent interviews.
company contexts are so distinct
that predictions based on data
from the many are inaccurate for
the one.
Yet another issue is that all
analytic approaches to picking
candidates are backward
29. looking, in the sense that they
are based on outcomes that have
already happened. (Algorithms
are especially reliant on past
experiences in part because
building them requires lots and
lots of observations—many years’
worth of job performance data
even for a large employer.) As
Amazon learned, the past may be
very different from the future you
seek. It discovered that the hiring
algorithm it had been working
on since 2014 gave lower scores
to women—even to attributes
associated with women, such as
participating in women’s studies
programs—because historically
the best performers in the
company had disproportionately
been men. So the algorithm
looked for people just like them.
Unable to fix that problem, the
company stopped using the
algorithm in 2017. Nonetheless,
many other companies are
pressing ahead.
The underlying challenge for
data scientists is that hiring is
simply not like trying to predict,
say, when a ball bearing will
fail—a question for which any
predictive measure might do.
Hiring is so consequential that
30. it is governed not just by legal
frameworks but by fundamental
notions of fairness. The fact that
some criterion is associated
with good job performance is
necessary but not sufficient for
using it in hiring.
Take a variable that data
scientists have found to have
predictive value: commuting
distance to the job. According
to the data, people with longer
commutes suffer higher rates of
attrition. However, commuting
distance is governed by where
you live—which is governed by
housing prices, relates to income,
and also relates to race. Picking
whom to hire on the basis of
where they live most likely has
an adverse impact on protected
groups such as racial minorities.
Unless no other criterion
predicts at least as well as the
one being used—and that is
extremely difficult to determine
in machine learning algorithms—
companies violate the law if
they use hiring criteria that have
adverse impacts. Even then, to
stay on the right side of the law,
they must show why the criterion
creates good performance. That
31. might be possible in the case of
commuting time, but—at least
for the moment—it is not for
facial expressions, social media
postings, or other measures
whose significance companies
cannot demonstrate.
In the end, the drawback to
using algorithms is that we’re
trying to use them on the cheap:
building them by looking only at
best performers rather than all
performers, using only measures
that are easy to gather, and
relying on vendors’ claims that the
algorithms work elsewhere rather
than observing the results with
our own employees. Not only is
there no free lunch here, but you
might be better off skipping the
cheap meal altogether.
HBR Reprint R1903B
Interviews are where biases most easily show up, because
interviewers usually
decide on the fly what to ask of whom and how to interpret the
answer.
58 Harvard Business ReviewMay–June 201958 Harvard
Business ReviewMay–June 2019
G O L D M A N S A C H S I S A people-centric
32. business—every day our employees
engage with our clients to find solutions
to their challenges. As a consequence,
hiring extraordinary talent is vital to
our success and can never be taken
for granted. In the wake of the 2008
financial crisis we faced a challenge
that was, frankly, relatively new to our
now 150-year-old firm. For decades
investment banking had been one of
the most sought-after, exciting, and
fast-growing industries in the world.
That made sense—we were growing
by double digits and had high returns,
which meant that opportunity and
reward were in great supply. However,
the crash took some of the sheen off
our industry; both growth and returns
moderated. And simultaneously, the
battle for talent intensified—within
and outside our industry. Many of the
Dane E.
Holmes
Head of
HR, Goldman
Sachs
Expanding the Pool
How Goldman Sachs Changed
the Way It Recruits
candidates we were pursuing were
heading off to Silicon Valley, private
equity, or start-ups. Furthermore, we
were no longer principally looking
33. for a specialized cadre of accounting,
finance, and economics majors: New
skills, especially coding, were in huge
demand at Goldman Sachs—and pretty
much everywhere else. The wind had
shifted from our backs to our faces, and
we needed to respond.
Not long ago the firm relied on a
narrower set of factors for identifying
“the best” students, such as school,
GPA, major, leadership roles, and
relevant experience—the classic
résumé topics. No longer. We decided
to replace our hiring playbook with
emerging best practices for assessment
and recruitment, so we put together a
task force of senior business leaders,
PhDs in industrial and organizational
THE WAY FORWARD
It’s impossible to get better at
hiring if you can’t tell whether the
candidates you select become good
employees. If you don’t know where
you’re going, any road will take
you there. You must have a way to
measure which employees are the
best ones.
Why is that not getting through
to companies? Surveyed employers
say the main reason they don’t
examine whether their practices
lead to better hires is that measuring
employee performance is difficult.
34. Surely this is a prime example of
making the perfect the enemy of the
good. Some aspects of performance
are not difficult to measure: Do
employees quit? Are they absent?
Virtually all employers conduct
performance appraisals. If you don’t
trust them, try something simpler.
Ask supervisors, “Do you regret
hiring this individual? Would you
hire him again?”
Organizations that don’t check
to see how well their practices pre-
dict the quality of their hires are lack-
ing in one of the most consequential
aspects of modern business.
HBR Reprint R1903B
PETER CAPPELLI is the George W. Taylor Professor of
Management
at the Wharton School and the director
of its Center for Human Resources.
His most recent book is Will College
Pay Off? A Guide to the Most Important
Financial Decision You’ll Ever Make
(PublicAffairs, 2015).
Copyright 2019 Harvard Business Publishing. All Rights
Reserved. Additional restrictions
may apply including the use of this content as assigned course
material. Please consult your
institution's librarian about any restrictions that might apply
35. under the license with your
institution. For more information and teaching resources from
Harvard Business Publishing
including Harvard Business School Cases, eLearning products,
and business simulations
please visit hbsp.harvard.edu.
Learning Outcome:
1. Demonstrate a thorough understanding of an HR Strategic
planning which includes Effective job analysis, Recruitment and
selection strategies (Lo 1.6 & 1.7).
2. Demonstrate overall Human Resource concepts, goals and
strategies within the context of organizations goals and
strategies (Lo 1.1).
Assignment Structure:
S.No
Assignment Type
Marks
Assignment-1
Critical Review
5
Assignment-1
1. Instruction to search the Article:
1. Via your student services page, log in to the Saudi Digital
Library.
1. After your login with your student ID, search for the
following article:
“Your Approach to Hiring is all Wrong”, by
Cappelli, Peter. Harvard Business Review. May/Jun2019, Vol.
97 Issue 3, p48-58.
Download the article, read it carefully and answer the following
questions.
36. Assignment Questions:
1. Summarize the article in your own words. (minimum of 250
words).[Marks:2]
1. Reliance on data science in the hiring process, is this critical
to the desired outcome? Describe this in no less than 100
words.[Marks: 2]
1. Discuss why employers find the hiring process difficult?
Make some suggestions to develop such a recruitment process
which can hire the best employees for the organization.
[Marks: 1]