5186 5190.output

* GB785593 (A)
Description: GB785593 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Process for the manufacture of composite sheets or shaped members having
covering layers impregnated with synthetic resin
Description of GB785593 (A)
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up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,593 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 7,
1953.
-} 9 No 16812/57.
(Divided out of No 785,593).
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 93, D(IC: 2 D); and 140, A 2 (C: G: H: Ki
C: X), A 5 G(l A: 1 B: 4), A( 11 F: 13: 16 B 3: 18).
International Classification:-B 29 d.
C O OM'PLETE SPECTFICATI'ON Process for the Manufacture of Composite
Sheets or Shaped Members having Covering Layers Impregnated' with
Synthetic Resin I, EUGEN JOHANN RITTER, a German citizen, of P 6 lzer
Strasse, Mainleus, Upper Franconia, Germany, trading as GESELLSCHAFT F
Ud R WER Ks To FF-Fo R Mu NG E J RITTER, K G, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a Patent may be granted to me, land
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: 'It is known to produce
by a pressing operation composite sheets or shaped members which
consist internally of fibres or shavings to which are united on one or
both slides covering layers which are impregnated with synthetic
resin, The fibres or shavings consist of wood or other vegetable or

even mineral substances, which are preferably mixed with a synthetic
resin as a binding agent, and form the core layer of the composite
sheet or shaped member after the pressing operation The outer covering
layers are usually coherent layers, such as webs of paper, asbestos,
textile or glass fabric, wood veneers, metal or other foils, which are
impregnated or coated with a thermoplastic or hardenable synthetic
resin before or during the pressing The core layer may either be
separately produced and subsequently united with the covering layers,
during which a hardenable resin in the latter is hardened, for
example, a phenol-aldehyde resin, urea- a'ldehyde resin or
melamine-aldehyde resin, or the mixture of fibres and/or shavings and
binding agent may be formed into the core layer during its union with
the covering layers, in which case the fibres and/or shavings may 'be
previously subjected to a preliminary pressing operation to form an
initial moulding, that is to say, without previous hardening of the
resin that is to serve as binding agent.
According to the present invention there is provided a process for the
manufacture of composite sheets or shaped members of the lPrice 3 s 6
d l kind in which a core layer of fibres and/or shavings and a binding
agent is united with covering layers impregnated with synthetic resin
under a moulding pressure sufficiently high to cause the core layer to
undergo consolidation with simultaneous heat treatment of the
synthetic resin of the covering layers, wherein the fibres and/or
shavings are used in such manner that locally differing flow of resin
and/or locally differing pressures occur in 'art least one of the
covering layers during the pressing operation and simultaneous heat
treatment.
By the process of this invention products having a decorative or
patterned surface are produced due to the locally differing flow of
resin and/or locally differing pressures which occur in a covering
layer during the pressing operation and are caused, by the arrangement
and/or nature of the fibres and/or shavings that are to form the core
layer.
In, one form of the process comparatively coarse shavings are used at
least in the outer region of the core layer adjacent to the covering
layer in which locally differing flow of resin and/or pressures are to
be produced and the covering layer is impregnated with ian excess of
synthetic resin, that is to say, a larger amount of resin than is
required simply to impregnate the layer and bond it to the core layer
During the bonding of the covering layer with the core layer and the
simultaneous heat treatment of the synthetic resin, local differences
in pressure in the covering layer and/or local differences in the flow
of resin therein caused by the projecting and nonprojecting portions
of the coarse shavings result in local differences in the degree of

translucency imparted to the covering layer by the resin In this
manner a patterned or mosaic appearance is imparted to the surface of
the product, and the surface is smooth due to the fact that the excess
of resin on the covering layer fills the depressed portions of the
surface of the core layer.
Instead of, or in addition to, providing in at least an outer region
of the core layer coarse shavings, there may be provided fibres and/or
shavings having differing hardnesses and/or absorbent capacities,
whereby an outer surface having a patterned or mosaic appearance is
also produced due to local differences in translucency of the covering
layer.
In order to impart a doud-like or flamelike appearance or an
appearance resembling marble to the surface of the product the
materlal that is to form the core layer may be so distributed that
there are local accumulations of the material which give rise to
locally differing degrees of consolidation of the core material during
the pressing operation, and consequently cause locally differing flow
of the resin and/or locally differing pressures in the covering layer
In this manner local variations in the degree of translucency of the
covering layer are produced that result, for example, in marble or
cloud-like effects.
Patterned effects can also be produced' by building up a covering
layer of separate layers having different tints The local differences
in pressure in the layers and/or local differences in the flow of the
resin therein due to the nature and/or arrangement of the fibres
and/or shavings of the core layer cause local differences in the
degree of translucency imparted to the layers by the impregnating
resin, and these variations in translucency in turn cause local
variations in the manner in which the differing tints of the layers
oombine to produce a varying colour effect Thus, for example, a yellow
layer and a blue layer may be placed one upon the other, and the local
variations in translucency referred to above will cause local
variations in the way in which these two colours combine to produce
green.
Thermoplastic or hardenable synthetic resins can be employed as the
synthetic resin for the covering layers and/or the core layer For the
outermost separate layer at least of a covering layer composed of a
plurality of such separate layers, it hs recommended to use
transparent synthetic resin, preferably a melaminealdehyde resin,
whereas less expensive resins can be employed for the inner separate
layers and especially for the core layer, for example, a urea-aldehyde
resin for the inner separate layers and a phenolsaldehyde or
cresol-aldehyde resin for the core layer and, if desired, also for the
innermost separate layer which is directly adjacent the core layer.

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* GB785594 (A)
Description: GB785594 (A) ? 1957-10-30
1953.
No 1 6813157.
I t R 1 Application made in Germany on Oct11, 1952.
Index at acceptance:-Class 140, A 2 (C: F: G: H: K 1 A: Ki C: M 4: X),
A 5 G( 1 A: 1 B: 4: X), A( 11 C:
13: 16 83: 18).
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process' for the Manufacture of Composite Sheetsu or Shaped Members

having Covering Layers Impregnated' with Synthetic 'Resin I, EUGEN 'Jo
HANN RITTFR, a German citizen, of P 8 lzer Strasse, Mainleus, Upper
Franconia, Germany, trading as 'GESELLSCHAFT FUCR WERKSTOFF-FORMUNG E
J.
RITTER, K G, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
It is known to produce by a pressing operation composite sheets or
shaped members which consist internally of fibres or shavings to which
are united on one or both sides covering layers which are impregnated
with synthetic resin The fibres or shavings consist of wood or other
vegetable or even, mineral substances, which are preferably mixed with
a synthetic resin as a binding agent, and form the core layer of the
composite sheet or shaped member after the pressing operation The
outer covering layers are usually coherent layers, such as webs of
paper, asbestos, textile or glass fabric, wood veneers, metal or other
foils, which are impregnated or coated with a thermoplastic or
hardenable synthetic resin before or during the pressing The core
layer may either be separately produced and subsequently united with
the covering layers, during which a hardenable resin in the latter is
hardened, for example, a phenol-aldehyde resin, urea-aldehyde resin or
melanmine-aldlehyde resin, or the mixture of fibres and/or shavings
land binding agent may be formed into the core layer during its union
with the covering layers, in which case the fibres and/ or shavings
may be previously subjected to a preliminary pressing operation to
form an initial moulding, that is to say, without previous hardening
of the resin that is to serve as binding agent, According to this
invention there is provided a process for the manufacture of composite
sheets or shaped members of the kind in which a core layer of fibres
and/or shavings lPriceand a synthetic resin as binding agent is united
with covering layers impregnated with synthetic resin under a moulding
pressure sufficiently high to cause the core layer to undergo
consolidation with simultaneous heat treatment of the synthetic resin
of the covering layers, wherein the flow of synthetic resin from the
covering layers to the core layer during the pressing operation is
prevented or reduced by the interposition between the covering layers
and the core layer of 'an intermediate layer which is impregnated with
an excess of synthetic resin or which is permeable to synthetic resin
but reduces the said flow of resin.
By the process of this invention an excessive flow of synthetic resin
from the covering layers into the interior of the core layer during
the pressing operation is prevented' Since the core layer is provided,
with a quantity of resin sufficient only to serve as a binding agent

for bonding the fibres and/or shavings into a coherent structure, the
material that is to form the core layer is somewhat absorbent so that
during the pressing operation there is a risk of an excessive flow of
synthetic resin' from lthe covering layers into the core layer.
The covering layer may consist of a single layer 'or may be built up
of a plurality of superposed layers When the covering layer, or the
outermost layer of a composite covering layer is 'impregnated with a
high-grade and expensive synthetic resin, it is especially desirable
that the latter resin should as far as possible remain in the single
outer covering layer or outermost layer, notwithstanding the pressing
operation and the absorptive capacity of the material that is to form'
the core layer For this purpose, in accordance with the invention,
there may be interposed between an outer covering layer and the 'core
'layer an intermediate layer impregnated with a quantity of synthetic
resin in excess of that required for W 1 e@ L u r bonding the
intermediate layer The intermediate layer may be an inner layer or
layers of a composite covering layer In this case the inner layer or
layers may be impregnated with an excess of an inexpensive resin, some
of which will flow into the core layer and thereby reduce the tendency
of the core layer to absorb resin from the outermost layer.
Consequently, the tendency for the resin in the outermost layer to
flow towards the core layer will be eliminated or considerably
reduced.
Alternatively, the intermediate layer or the inner layer or layers may
be made of a resinpermeable material that reduces the flow of resin
from the outermost layer to the core layer, or they may be so coated
or treated as to reduce the flow of resin In this manner the inner
layer or layers act as a partial barrier preventing an excessive flow
of resin As inner layers made of a flow-reducing material there may be
used, for example, layers of parchment or layers of metal foil
perforated with small apertures Coated or treated inner layers may be
layers of the usual materials, such as paper, fabrics of glass,
textile or asbestos fibres, or thin layers of wood coated or treated
with a substance, for example, starch or the like, that reduces the
permeability of the material to the synthetic resin in the outermost
layer The inner layers may also be coated or treated with a colouring
matter.
In order to form a boundary round the edges of the core layer, and to
prevent or reduce the flow of synthetic resin from the covering layers
laterally outwards between the latter and the core layer during the
pressing operation, especially in the manufacture of composite sheets,
it is of advantage to place marginal elements, for example, bars or
laths of wood, against the lateral edges of the core layer and between
marginal portions of the upper and lower covering layers so that these

marginal portions overlie the marginal elements and the junction
between them and the core layer, and to subject the assembly to the
hot pressing operation while the marginal elements are held against
lateral displacement by external supporting means For this purpose the
mass of fibres and/or shavings and binding agent, which is to form the
core layer, is first subjected to a preliminary pressing operation
without the application of heat so as to reduce the mass, without
causing bonding of the fibres and/or shavings, to substantially the
same thickness as the marginal elements, which are then placed in
position During the final hot pressing operation the core layer and
the marginal elements, for example, of readily compressible fresh
wood; undergo reduction in thickness, and the marginal elements become
firmly bonded to the core layer.
For this purpose, synthetic resin may be applied to the inner surfaces
of the marginal elements to supplement the resin from the core layer
During the hot pressing operation the marginal portions of the
covering layers become clamped between the working surfaces of the
press and the marginal elements so that the flow of resin from the
covering layers laterally outwards between the latter and the 70 core
layer is prevented or reduced The marginal portions of the covering
layers also conceal the joint between the core layer and the marginal
elements and assist in securing the latter in position 75
Thermoplastic or hardenable synthetic resins can be employedl as the
synthetic resin for the covering layers and/or the core layer For ithe
outermost separate layer at least of a covering layer composed of a
plurality of such separate 80 layers, it is recommended to use a
transparent synthetic resin, preferably a melamine-aldehyde resin,
whereas less expensive resins can be employed for the inner separate
layers and especially for the core layer, for example, a 85
urea-aldehyde resin for the inner separate layers and a
phenol-aldehyde or cresol-aldehyde resin for the core layer and, if
desired, also for the innermost separate layer which is directly
adjacent the core layer 90
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* GB785595 (A)

Description: GB785595 (A) ? 1957-10-30
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
US2745779 (A)
US2745779 (A) less
1953.
No 16814157 Application made in Germany on Oct 13, 1952.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 93, D( 1 C: 2 D); and 140, A 2 (C: G: H:
KC: X), A 5 G(IA: IB: 4), A( 11 F: 16 83: 18).
COMPLETE SPEC'IFI'CATION Process for the Manufacture of Composite
Sheets or Shaped Members having Covering Layers Impregnated with
Synthetic Resin I, EUGEN JOHANN RITTER, a German citizen, of P 8 lzer
Strasse, Mainleus, Upper Franconia, Germany, trading as IGESELLSCHA Fr
FUR WERKSTOFF-FORMUNG E J RITTER Ki G, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a patent may 'be granted to me, and,
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and, by the following statement: -
It is known to produce 'by a pressing operadion composite sheets 'or

shaped members which consist internality of fibres or shavings to
which are united on one or both sides covering layers which are
impregnated with synthetic resin.
The fibres or shavings consist of wood or other vegetable or even
mineral substances, which are preferably mixed with a synthetic resin
as a binding agent, and form the core layer of the composite sheet or
shaped member after the pressing operation The outer covering layers
are usually lcoherent layers, such as webs of paper, asbestos, textile
or glass fabric, wood veneers, metal or other foils, which are
impregnated or coated with a thermoplastic or hardenable synthetic
resin before or during the pressing The core layer may either be
separately produced and subsequently united with the covering layers,
during which a hardenable resin in the latter is hardened, for
example, a phenol-aldehyde resin, urea-aldehyde resin or
melamine-aldehyde resin, or the mixture of fibres and/or shavings and
bending agent may be formed into the core layer during its union with
the covering layers, in which case the fibres and/ or shavings may be
previously subieoted to a preliminary pressing operation to form, an
initial moulding, that is to say, without previous hardening of the
resin that is to serve as binding agent, According to the present
invention there is provided a process for the manufacture of composite
sheets or shaped members of the kind 'in which a core layer of fibres
and/or shavings and a binding agent is united with lPtice 3 s 6 d l
covering layers impregnated with synthetic resin under a mouldiing
pressure sufficiently high to cause the ore layer to undergo
consolidation with simultaneous heat treatment of the synthetic resin
of the covering layers, 50 wherein at least one of the
resin-impregnated covering layers; is built up of a 'plurality of
superposed layers of which at least two' have applied thereto
different patterns and/or colourings and are superposed 55 in such
manner that the patterns and/or colourings thereof contribute to
produce a combined pattern effect visible at the surface of the
covering layer, and wherein, at least the outermost of the superposed
layers having a 60 pattern or colouring applied thereto is arranged
with that side of the layer, to which the pattern or colouring is
applied, directed towards the care layer.
By the process of this invention at least one '65 of the covering
layers of the composite sheet or shaped member is given an, externally
visible pattern effect of improved resistance to wear Thus, if one of
the outer layers bearing a pattern or colouring becomes worn away the
70 next lower layer, which originall contributed to produce the
externally visible pattern effect in combination with the outer layer,
will continue to exhibit its share of the pattern.
Thus, for example, if one layer 'having a 75 pattern printed thereon

is backed by a layer having a colour printed thereon, the pattern and
the colour will not be removed simul taneously due to wear, but only
The pattern will be removed first and only thereafter will 80 the
colour be removed This arrangement also has the advantage that by
using different colours for the layer that is to contribute the colour
effect, the pattern carried by the other layer can be given difierent
colours 85 The resistance to wear is further improved by the fact that
at 'Fast the outermost of the superposed layers having a pattern or
colouring applied thereto is arranged 'with the side thereof, to
'Which the pattern or colour 90 pt e G,4 r ing is applied, directed
inwardly towards the core layer By virtue of the synthetic resin with
which the layer is impregnated the pattern or colouring is visible
from the exterior through the resin-impregnated layer However, the
pattern or colouring will not be affected by wear for a relatively
long time, that is to say, until attrition has worn through the
thickness of the layer and reached the side of the layer bearing the
pattern or colour.
The selection of the material, the size and the binding resin of the
shavings and/or fibres of the core layer is not restricted to any
particular limits, Depending on the surface smoothness which is
desired it is possible to use comparatively large shavings, such, for
example, as those which are formed when wood is planed The smoother
the surface is to be, the finer should be the shavings used.
The covering layers may also consist of various kinds of materials,
there being no {limitation herein to any particular materials
Moreover, as regards the synthetic resin for the covering layers, this
may be varied as to type and quantity.
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* GB785596 (A)
Description: GB785596 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in rotary pumps
PAT'ENT SPECFICATION
Date of filing Complete Specification: Augg 14, 1956.
Application Date: Aug 16, 1955 No 23539/55.
Complete Specification Publisfied: Oct 30, 1957.
Eldex at Acceptane:-Class 110 ( 2), A( 11: 2 E).
International clagsification:-F 05 g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Pumps.
We, REGINALD CLAP E Nc E Fo RD, a British Subject, of " Brantwood ",
Mfillison's Wood Hill, Birmingham Road, Allesley, Coventry,
Warwickshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
statement:-
This invention relates to rotary pumps in which the pumping action is
created by the progressive compression of a resilient flexible wall of
a fluid passageway that communicates the pump inlet and outlet and
which is formed partly or wholly of resilient flexible material, said
compression being effected by a rolling member adapted to act on said
wall of the passageway whereby fluid is urged along the latter in
front of the rolling member to cause suction of fluid at the inlet and
discharge thereof at the outlet.
Constructions of pump of this general kind are set forth in the
Specifications of my prior Patents Nos 590,045, 612,604, 744,413 and
744,414.
Where pumps of this kind are used to force a fluid such as water to a
height above the pump considerable pressure is built up in that
portion of the passageway communicating with the pump outlet
particularly when the rolling member is commencing to apply pressure
at said portion of the passageway Especially where the wall of the
passageway that is subject to the action of the rolling member is
forced by a liner of resilient flexible material such as rubber
disposed across a groove or channel in the pump body (as in the case
of the pumps set forth in the prior Specifications aforesaid) the
build up of pressure is such that the liner or similar wall of the
passageway at that portion thereof adjacent the outlet is liable to
become distended leading to early failure or rupture of the liner or
the like.
lPrice 3 s 6 d l Furthermore the fact that the outlet in pumps of this

kind is virtually closed by the liner or wall each time a roller of
the rolling member passes said outlet and due to the pressure of the
fluid there is a tendency for a pulsating delivery or hammer effect to
occur in the fluid flow from the pump.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved rotary
pump of the kind referred to in which the above mentioned build up of
pressure and pulsating delivery or hammer effect is reduced or
minimised with consequent improved and more reliable running
characteristics of the pump whilst other advantages of the invention
will be apparent from the foregoing description.
A rotary pump of the kind referred to is characterised by the pump
outlet communib eating with the passageway by an extended or enlarged
opening or port or more than one opening or port disposed along said
passageway in relation to the direction of movement of the rolling
member so as to receive and promote fluid flow to the outlet from the
passageway and also to maintain said flow to outlet when the rolling
member is applying pressure to the resilient flexible liner or wall in
the vicinity of said opening or openings in order to reduce fluid
pressure in the passageway at the outlet and minimise pulsation or
hammer effect in the fluid flow delivered by the pump.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into practical effect, reference is made in the following
description to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a
sectional side view of a pump of the kind referred to and embodying
the present invention; and Figure 2 is a detail sectional view showing
a modification.
7855596 8.5 785,596 Like parts are designated by similar reference
numerals throughout the drawings.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings a pump is shown of the kind set
forth in my a prior Patent Specifications aforesaid that is to say
comprising a hollow cylindrical body 1 having an inlet 2 and outlet 3
thereto whilst the body has a groove 4 around its interior which is
closed by a liner 5 of resilient flexible material such as rubber to
provide a fluid passageway communicating the inlet 2 with the outlet 3
The liner 5 is clamped at its side edge portions in the pump body 1 by
clamping rings or similar means (not shown) and also at 7 to close the
passageway between the inlet 2 and outlet 3 whilst in accordance with
the Specification of my prior Patent No 744,413 the liner 5 is
provided with a track member 8 (shown integral therewith) for
co-action between the rollers 9 whereby compression of the liner 5 is
effected into the groove 4.
If desired the fluid passageway may be formed by a tube of rubber or
the like disposed around the interior of the pump body for compression
by the rollers 9.

Furthermore, each roller 9 may be resiliently mounted for yielding
movement in the rotary carrier frame 10 therefor in a direction that
is radial towards the axis of the carrier or axis of the pump body or
shaft 6 to the carrier as set forth in the Specification of my prior
Patent No 744,414.
In accordance with this invention and in 3 a a preferred embodiment
thereof a further outlet port or opening 11 is provided in the
passageway or groove 4 of the pump body 1 and disposed a short
distance from the previously solely existing outlet port 12.
This further port 11 is so arranged in relation to the direction of
movement of the rollers 9 that it is in advance of the outlet port 12
in order to receive before the latter, fluid from the passageway as
the fluid is urged along the passageway by the action of the rollers
9.
The further port 11 is connected by a pipe 13, or duct and a suitable
junction 14 with the outlet pipe 3 or duct leading from the outlet
port 12 so that the two ports 11, 12 communicate with a common outlet
pipe 3.
The axis of the port 11 is shown as substantially tangential to the
path of the passageway or groove 4 so as to readily receive fluid
therefrom.
As a roller 9 approaches the first port 11 and is urging fluid along
the passageway in front of it, at least some of the fluid is received
by the first port 11 before the second port 12, thus promoting fluid
flow to the outlet 3 and relieving fluid pressure that otherwise tends
to be built up between the point where the roller 9 is applying
pressure and the second port 12.
As the roller passes the first port 11 the latter is momentarily
closed but is re-opened to receive fluid that is following behind the
roller 9 due to the action of the other or another roller 9 of the
rolling member (where as shown the latter carries two or more
symmetrically arranged rollers in the usual 70 manner).
At all times when the first port 11 is receiving fluid, the flow of
the latter from this port into the common outlet pipe 3 past the
junction 14 of the pipes 3, 13 or ducts 75 from the two ports 11, 12,
creates a reduction in pressure in that portion of the pipe 3 leading
from the second port 12 to the junction 14, which thus has the effect
of reducing pressure in the passageway of the 80 pump at the second
outlet port 12.
In addition to reducing the build up of pressure which would otherwise
be likely to cause damage to the liner 5 or wall of rubber or other
resilient flexible material at the 85 second outlet port 12, the first
outlet port 11 also ensures that flow of fluid continues from the pump
when the second outlet port 12 is virtually and momentarily closed by

a roller 9 passing it This results in pulsation in the 90 fluid
delivery, or the creation of a hammer effect in the fluid flow from
the pump, being eliminated or at least greatly minimised.
In an alternative embodiment of this invention shown in Figure 2 a
single outlet 95 port 12 a of enlarged or extended form may be
employed the port 12 a being extended along the passageway in the
opposite direction to the normal direction of fluid flow along it
Particularly as a roller 9 ap 100 proaches the port 12 a the extended
form of the latter promotes fluid flow to the outlet 3 from the
passageway whilst the port is not at any time fully closed by the
action of the roller 9 on the liner 5 or similar wall 105 By utilising
two outlet ports 11, 12 or an extended port 12 a in accordance with
this invention and due to the consequential reduction in pressure
build up it is possible to use a liner 5 or like wall of softer or
more 110 pliable rubber or similar resilient flexible material than
hitherto used As the softer rubber is more readily stretched it offers
less resistance to the movement of the rolling member so that less
power is required to 115 drive the pump The softer rubber more
intimately seats in the passageway groove or channel 4 formed in the
pump body 1 so that the pump is capable of pumping air or gases as
well as liquids to considerable 120 pressures.
Twin outlet ports 11, 12 or an extended outlet port 12 a in accordance
with this invention may be advantageously employed in combination with
support means for the 125 liner 5 or wall as set forth in the
Specification of my co-pending Applications Nos 23540 /55, 31280 '55
and 35977 / 5 a (Serial No 785,597).
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* GB785597 (A)
Description: GB785597 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in rotary pumps

PATENT SPECl
Date of filing Complete Specif Act 1949) Aug 14 1956.
f Application Date: Aug16, 1955.
Application Date: Nov 2, 1955.
) Go Y 7 ' Application Date: Dec15, 1955.
Complete Specification Published
I, REGINALD CLARENCE Fo RD, a British Subject, of "Brantwood,"
Millison's Wood Hill, Birmingham Road, Allesley, Coventry,
Warwickshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
statement: -
This invention relates to rotary pumps in which the pumping action is
created by the progressive compression of a resilient flexible wall of
a fluid passageway that communicates the pump inlet and outlet and
which is formed partly or wholly of resilient flex1 S ible material,
said compression being effected by a rolling member adapted to act on
said wall of the passageway whereby fluid is urged along the latter in
front of the rolling member to cause suction of fluid at the inlet and
discharge thereof at the outlet.
Constructions of pump of this general kind are set forth in the
specificatons of my prior Patents Nos 590,045, 612,604, 744,413 and
744,414.
Where pumps of this kind are used to force a fluid such as water to a
height above the pump, considerable pressure is built up in that
portion of the passageway communicating with the pump outlet
partcularly when the rol Ing member is commencing to apply pressure at
said portion of the passageway Especially where the wall of the
passageway that is subject to the action of the rolling member is
formed by a liner of resilient flexible material such as rubber
disposed across a groove or channel in the pump body (as in the case
of the pumps set forth in my prior specifications aforesaid) the build
-up of pressure is such that the liner or similar wall of the
passageway at that portion thereof adjacent the outlet is liable to
become distended leading to early failure or rupture of the liner or
the like.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved rotary
pump of the IFICATION 785597 fiation: (under section 3 ( 3) of the
Patents No 23540155.
No 31280/55.

No 35977/55.
O: ct 30, 1957.
kind referred to in which the above mentioned undesirable effects of
the build-up of pressure are counteracted with consequent improved and
more reliable running char 50 acteristics of the pump, whilst other
advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following
description.
According to this invention a rotary pump of the kind referred to is
characterised by 55 the provision of reinforcement or support means
for the liner or wall of resilient flexible material at at least that
portion of the fluid passageway adjacent the pump outlet, said
reinforcement or support means taking 60 support from the pump body,
or structure fixed relative thereto, in order to support the liner or
wall at said portion of the passageway against distension due to fluid
pressure in said passageway, said reinforcement or 65 support means
also allowing passage of the rolling member past said portion of the
passageway for compression of the liner or wall.
of the latter.
In order that the invention may be clearly 70 understood and readily
carried into practical effect, reference is made in the following
description to the accompanying drawings, in which, Figure 1 is an
axial plane section of a 75 rotary pump of the kind referred to having
a liner support means in accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 is a side view of the pump shown in Figure 1 with an end
plate removed and 80 also partly in section.
Figures 3 and 4 are detail views of part of the pump shown in Figures
1 and 2 and embodying modifications.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are detail views similar 85 to Figures 3 and 4 and
each showing an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Like parts are designated by similar reference numerals throughout the
drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the draw 90 ings a pump is shown of
the kind set forth in my prior patent specifications aforesaid
Index at acceptance: -Class 110 ( 2), A( 1 D: 2 E).
International Classif ication:-FD 5 g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Rotary Pumps that is to say comprising a hollow
cylindrical body 1 having an inlet 2 and an outlet 3 thereto whilst
the body has a groove 4 around its interior which is closed by a liner
5 of resilient flexible material such as rubber to provide a fluid
passageway communicating the inlet 2 with the outlet 3 The liner is
clamped at its side edge portions in the pump body 1 by means of
support rings 15 hereafter referred to and the end plates 16 to the
pump body 1 which end plates carry bearings 17 for the spindle 6 of

the carrier frame 10 which carries the rollers 9 The liner 5 is also
clamped by the member 7 to 1 close the passageway between the inlet 2
and outlet 3 whilst in accordance with the specification of my prior
Patent No 744,413 the liner 5 is provided with a track member 8 (shown
integral therewith) for co-action be2 ( tween the rollers 9 whereby
compression of the liner 5 is effected into the groove 4.
If desired the fluid passageway may be formed by a tube of rubber or
the like disposed around the interior of the pump body for compression
by the rollers 9 Furthermore each roller 9 may be resiliently mounted
for yielding movement in the rotary carrier frame 10 therefor in a
direction that is radial towards the axis of the carrier 10 or axis of
the pump body or shaft 6 as set forth in the specification of my prior
patent
No 744,414.
In accordance with one embodiment of this invention the support or
reinforcement means for the liner or wall 5 and track 8 to the latter
may consist of end members to the pump body having inwardly directed
portions which overlap the side edge portions of the outer or exposed
surface of the liner 5 andlor track 8 at at least that portion thereof
adjacent the pump outlet.
These end members may conveniently take the form of a pair of suitably
shaped segments or preferably annular members which may take the form
of the rings 15 that fit one in each end of the pump body 1 and as
already mentioned desirably serve as clamping members for securing the
liner 5 in position in a fluid tight manner.
Each ring 15 may be either of sheet metal pressed or spun to the
required shape or may consist of a casting or moulding in any suitable
material Each ring 15 may comprise an outwardly directed radial flange
19 for securing by a series of bolts 20 or screws to the pump body 1
and also serving to clamp the adjacent extreme side edge portion of
the liner 5 against the end of the body 1 In order to further clamp
each edge portion of the liner 5 clamping screws 21 threaded in the
end plates 16 act upon the flanges 19 to press them against the liner
edge portions.
The said outwardly directed radial flange 19 of each ring is connected
by a co-axial taper or like portion 22 to an inwardly directed radial
portion 23 which latter is terminated by a flanged edge 24 which is
inwardly directed in relation to the pump body 1.
The outer part of the taper or like portion 22 of each ring 15
co-operates with a com 70 plementary portion 25 of the pump body 1 for
further clamping the corresponding side edge portion of the liner 5 in
a fluid tight manner and also performs an important function at its
inner part of providing sup 75 port or reinforcement to the side
portion of the liner 5 up to the track or track portion 8 of the

latter, which track is accommodated or caged between the inwardly
directed radial portions 23 of the two rings 15 The 80 inwardly
directed flanged edges 24 of the rings overlap the edge portions of
the track 8 for a short distance from each edge of the latter so as to
provide a support for the track 8 and positively check the outward
extent of 85 movement of the latter due to fluid pressure in the
passageway.
Where as shown the track 8 is integral with the liner 5 the root of
the track 8 where it joins the liner 5 is preferably radiused as 90
shown for increased strength and also to ensure intimate contact of
the liner 5 with the full width of the passageway groove 4 in the pump
body 1 when the liner 5 and track 8 are under compression by a roller
9 The 95 junction of the co-axial taper portion 22 of each ring 15
with its inwardly directed radial portion 23 should be correspondingly
radiused to provide appropriate support.
The roller or each roller 9 of the rolling 100 member is of such a
width as to operate with sufficient clearance between the opposed
inwardly directed flanged edges 24 of the rings so that the roller 9
has uninterrupted contact with the track 8 during compression 105
movement against the latter.
During operation of the pump the taper portions 22 of the rings 15
support the side edge portions of the liner 5 adjacent the track 8 and
thus provide reinforcement at a point 110 where distension of the
liner 5 would otherwise be particuiarly prone to occur especially in
the vicinity of the pump outlet port 12 At the same time the inwardly
directed flanged edges 24 serve to support the track 115 8 against
undue outward movement as a result of fluid pressure in the
passageway.
The angle of the taper portions 22 of the rings 15 may vary around the
latter to permit different extents of cross sectional areas 120 of the
passageway when not subject to compression Thus the taper may be such
that a greater cross sectional area results at the inlet portion of
the passageway than at the outlet, the varying tapers around each ring
125 preferably merging smoothly with one another.
Under considerable pressure in the passageway the track portion 8
might tend to bulge or distend between the flanged edges 130 785,597
in position Where the rollers 9 are spring mounted in accordance with
that set forth in the specification of my prior Patent Application No
744,414 the rolling member may be introduced in position after fitting
the 70 rings 15 by temporarily pressing the roller or each roller
spindle in a radially inward direction against the action of the
spring mounting.
Each ring 15 may be secured about the 75 periphery of a disc forming
an end closure to the pump body or the peripheral portion of an end

closure disc or plate may be formed in the same manner as each of the
rings herein described An end closure so formed 80 should either allow
passage of the rolling member driving spindle 6 or may provide or
carry a bearing for the latter.
In an alternative embodiment of this invention shown in Figure 5 a
support or re 85 inforcement means for the liner and any track thereto
may consist of a rigid plate 29 of curved form to correspond to the
path of the passageway and is supported in any convenient manner in
the pump so as to be dis 90 posed against the outer or exposed surface
of the liner 5 The plate 29 is perforated with a series of openings
such as that shown at 30 through which corresponding raised portions
or pads 31 of the liner 5 extend for 95 contact with the roller or
rollers 9 of the rolling member.
The raised portions or pads 31 are preferably in staggered formation
to ensure "follow on" contact thereof with a roller 9 and uni 100 form
compression of the liner 5.
The perforated plate 29 which thus positively supports the liner 5
against distension may be supported at each end by segments or rings
(not shown) which latter may also 105 serve to clamp the liner 5 in
position, or more particularly where the liner is supported throughout
its effective angular extent the plate 29 may be formed as a
perforated sleeve or substantially a sleeve fitting co-axi 110 ally
within the pump body 1, the rolling member operating within said
sleeve.
Inasmuch as the support means in this embodiment of the invention
extends fully across the liner 5 adequate support is given 115 to the
latter, but if desired the liner 5 may be internally reinforced as
already described without impairing its flexibility.
In a further alternative embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 6
the support 120 means for the liner 5 may consist of one or more
transverse flexible members 33 arranged across the outer or exposed
surface of the said liner 5 at that portion thereof adjacent the pump
outlet port 12 125 The flexible member 33 or each thereof is secured
or anchored at each end to the pump body 1 or to parts carried thereby
or fixed relative thereto and the member or each member 33 is such
that it can flex with corm 130 24 of the rings 15 and in order to
prevent or minimise such an occurrence and further in accordance with
this invention the liner 5 and/or track is provided with internal
reinforcement 26 This internal reinforcement must be flexible to
permit compression of the liner and track by the roller or rollers yet
must not yield appreciably under the action of fluid pressure For this
purpose the internal reinforcement 26 may consist of woven material
such as nylon Terylene (Registered Trade Mark), rayon or the like or
wire or like mesh or one or more plates or flexible strips In the case

more particularly of the nylon or like reinforcement 26 it may extend
substantially around the whole angular extent of the liner and track
8.
Where the internal reinforcement 26 is clamped with the liner 5 to the
pump body 1 and thus supported from the latter by such clamping it may
form the sole support for the liner after the manner of the support
means hereafter described with reference to Figure 6 For this purpose
the reinforcement 26 may extend right to the side edges of the liner
5.
Alternatively, or in addition to the reinforcement 26 and as shown in
Figures 3 and 4 substantially unyielding reinforcement may be provided
by a series of transverse rods or bars 27 shown embedded or bonded in
the track 8.
The rods or bars 27 which are desirably of high tensile material, such
as silver steel, are preferably arranged in parallel spaced
relationship across the track 8 in the vicinity of the pump outlet
port 12 and may extend in this way along the track 8 from the said
vicinity as far as is necessary or even for the full angular effective
extent of said track 8.
Each rod 27 should extend the full width of the track 8 so that it is
of greater length than the width of the roller periphery and the
distance between the inwardly directed flanged edges 24 of the rings
15 In this way the end portions of the rods 27 are positively checked
by what may be considered as abutment with the inwardly directed
flanged edges 24, regard being had to the fact that the rods 27 are
surrounded by the rubber or the like of the track 8 in which they are
embedded It will, therefore, be apparent that the rods 27 in the track
8 co-operate with the inwardly directed flanged edges 24 to positively
reinforce the track 8 and liner 5 and so resist bulging or distension
of the latter even under very high fluid pressure in the passageway.
For assembly purposes one or both of the rings 15 may be locally
gapped preferably at a point remote from the pump outlet to allow the
roller or rollers 9 to be inserted in position although for this
purpose the rings or one of them may be fitted to the pump body 1
after the rollers 9 have been placed 785,597 pression movement of the
passageway liner due to the action of a roller 9 applying roller
pressure thereto but supports the liner against distension due to
pressure of fluid in the passageway.
The free or supporting position of the flexible member or each said
member 33 may as shown be such that it is bowed away from the
passageway so that it readily flexes with the liner 5 on compression
of the latter by a roller 9.
The flexible member or members 33 may consist or each consist of a
band of suitable woven material e g canvas (for comparaIS tively low

maximum fluid pressures) or preferably a fabric band produced by
weaving threads of filaments of syntheticmaterials e.g nylon or that
known under the Registered Trade Mark "Terylene " Alternatively, a
band or bands of woven wire may be employed.
Alternatively, the members 33 may consist of a series of parallel
transversely disposed wires or cords of a suitable metal such as a
high tensile steel However, in a similar and preferred arrangement of
support means the cords or wires are replaced by filaments or threads
of nylon or "Terylene" of a suitable gauge which material is
particularly suited for the purpose owing to its great strength and
durability Furthermore, the parallel threads may be braided together
to form one or more bands 33.
The ends of the bands, wires, or cords or threads as the case may be
constituting the members 33 are anchored to the pump body at each side
of the latter such as by means of clamping members 34 by adjustable
anchorages so that the band or bands, thread or the like 33 may be
tensioned to effect the required support of the liner 5.
Although the flexing action of the support members 33 offers little
resistance to the passage of the roller 9 or each thereof of the
rolling member, in order to further reduce hindrance to the roller
movement and consequent friction the band or bands, threads or the
like 33 may be disposed in a transverse recess or individual
transverse recesses in the liner 5 or preferably in a tack 8 to said
liner.
The recess or recesses may be covered by a surface member
Alternatively, as shown the bands or the like 33 may be threaded
through a transverse bore or bores in the track 8.
The extent to which the members 33 flex each timt a roller 9 passes is
not great so that failure of the threads or the like due to fatigue is
remote and a long serviceable life should be obtained especially where
nylon or "Terylene" thread is employed, whilst the tensile strength of
the latter is such that it can withstand the effect of high fluid
pressures without yielding and thus provides adequate support for the
liner 5 with a high safety factor under normal working conditions.
Whereas the support means is normally only required at that part of
the liner 5 in the vicinity of the outlet port 12 where 70 greatest
fluid pressure occurs, it may extend further along the liner 5, that
is to say in angular extent relative to the pump axis.
Referring to Figure 7 the support means may consist of a plate or
strip 36 applied to 75 the exposed or outer surface of the liner 5 or
track 8 thereto at at least that portion of the fluid passageway
adjacent the pump outlet port 12 where fluid pressure in the
passageway reaches a maximum during opera 80 tion of the pump.
The plate or strip 36 is curved about an axis common or parallel with

that of the pump body 1 so as to be complementary to the curvature of
the liner 5 at said portion 85 of the passageway.
For the purposes of supporting the liner 5 at said portion of the
passageway the plate 36 may extend for 90 or thereabouts in angular
extent relative to the pump axis 90 from the pump outlet port 12 but
may be extended for a considerably further distance along the liner 5
if required.
The plate 36 extends across the full width of the line 5 and also for
preferably a short 95 distance beyond the sides of the latter so that
the plate 36 can be laterally supported to in turn support or
reinforce the liner 5 at the said portion of the passageway when the
liner is not being subjected to rolling action 100 by a roller 9 In
order to support the plate 36, support members 37 are provided at each
side of the pump body 1 and may be conveniently carried by the end
plates 16 or bearing supports for the pump shaft 6 As 105 shown each
of these support members 37 may be of segmental form against which the
edge portions of the plate 36 rest or bear in order to take support
from them for the purpose of supporting the liner 5 110 The plate may
be mounted in position in any suitable manner and may be secured at
one end to either the segmental supports 37 or to the clamping member
7 of the pump that clamps the liner 5 between the pump 115 inlet 2 and
outlet 3 Alternatively the plate 36 may be bonded to the liner Where
one end of the plate 36 is anchored as described, the other end is
left free so that when mounted in this way, or bonded to the liner 120
5, the plate 36 is capable of movement with the liner 5 away from the
segmental supports 37 in order to allow passage of a roller 9, the
plate 36 becoming interposed between the liner 5 and the roller 9
during said pas 125 sage of the latter.
The plate 36 is such that it provides a flush surface or track for
passage of each roller 9 and where as shown a track 8 to the liner is
provided the track 8 may be recessed 130 785,597 785,597 at 39 to
accommodate the plate 36.
During operation of the pump and when a roller 9 is approaching the
outlet portion of the passageway, pressure is built up in the S latter
and any tendency of this pressure to distend the liner 5 is
counteracted by provision of the supporting plate 36 As the roller
continues its path the plate 36 is momentarily lifted from its
segmental supports 37 and is pressed with the liner 5 towards the
groove or channel 4 in the pump body 1.
On the roller 9 leaving said portion of the passageway and having
passed the outlet port 12 the plate 36 returns to its supporting 1 S
position on the segmental supports 37.
By supporting or reinforcing the liner or wall 5 of the passageway and
track thereto in the manner described to counteract distension due to

fluid pressure in the passageway, it is possible to use a liner 5 of
softer or more pliable rubber or similar resilient flexible material
than hitherto used As the softer rubber is more readily stretched it
offers less resistance to the movement of the rolling member so that
less power is required to drive the pump The softer rubber more
intimately seats in the passageway groove or channel 4 formed in the
pump body 1 so that the pump is capable of pumping air or gases as
well as liquids to considerable pressures.
With a view to reducing fluid pressure as well as counteracting the
effect of the latter by support or reinforcement means in accordance
with this invention, and also to minimise pulsation in the fluid flow,
the outlet opening or port 12 in the passageway groove 4 may be
extended along the latter or as shown an arrangement of two or more
outlet ports 11, 12 may be employed one in advance of the other, all
as set forth in the specification of my co-pending Application
No 23,539/55 (Serial No 785,596).
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