This document provides an overview of modeling and simulation as well as material selection. It defines models as representations of objects or systems. Simulation involves operating a model to study the behavior of a system. Modeling and simulation are used for various purposes like testing systems without building them, predicting outcomes, and training. The document also discusses terminology related to modeling and simulation. It provides examples of modeling and simulation applications for designing safer cars, weather forecasting, and bridge and aircraft design. The document then discusses material selection criteria and considerations for an automotive exhaust system as an example. It covers standards and codes that help ensure safety, compatibility and best practices.
Advantages and disadvantages of robotics and computational fluidJahnabi Sarmah
This document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of robotics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For robotics, advantages include increased efficiency, quality, and profitability due to precise and consistent work, while disadvantages are the high capital costs, need for expertise and maintenance, and potential job losses. For CFD, advantages are reduced development costs and quick assessment of design variations, while disadvantages include unreliable models, large computer requirements, expense, and potential errors.
Feasibility study on stereolithography apparatus sla and selective laser si...IAEME Publication
The document discusses a feasibility study comparing Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) additive manufacturing technologies. Test specimens were designed and built using the Accura 60 material on an SLA system and the Duraform PA/Nylon material on an SLS system. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical tests including tension testing, compression testing, and hardness testing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were also taken of fractured surfaces to examine the internal structures and causes of failure. The results of the experimentation were used to determine which material demonstrated better mechanical properties for the given applications.
Design involves formulating a plan to satisfy a particular need and create something with physical reality. When designing a chair, factors like purpose, intended user (adult or child), material strength and cost, aesthetics, and ergonomics must be considered. Machine design uses technical information, scientific principles, and imagination to design machines to perform specific functions with maximum economy and efficiency. This document discusses various machine design considerations and principles like types of loads, material selection, and theories of failure.
This document discusses modeling safety features for integration in the design process. It defines safety features and categorizes them into two main groups: safety features incorporated in machines and those outside of machines. Nine criteria are identified to characterize safety features. The methodology involves defining, identifying, classifying, and characterizing safety features. It also represents the design process as a feedback loop and establishes an algorithm for integrating safety considerations at the earliest design stages. The goal is to proactively address risks to improve safety.
This document discusses systems analysis and simulation. It defines a system as a collection of elements that work together to achieve a goal. There are two main types of systems: discrete systems where state variables change at separate points in time, and continuous systems where state variables change continuously over time. A model represents a system in order to study it, as experimenting directly with the real system may not be possible or wise. Simulation models can be static or dynamic, deterministic or stochastic, discrete or continuous. Discrete-event simulation specifically models systems as they progress through time as a series of instantaneous events.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch1Mohammed Romi
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance of ethics in software development, and introduces three case studies that will be used as examples throughout the book. Specifically:
[1] It defines software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. Professional and ethical practices are important.
[2] It discusses software engineering ethics and introduces the ACM/IEEE code of ethics for software engineers.
[3] It provides an overview of three case studies that will be referenced in later chapters: an insulin pump system, a patient management system, and a weather station system.
This document discusses changes in software engineering, including shorter time to market, use of object-oriented applications, user desktop computing, graphical user interfaces, increased networking, open source platforms, newer development models, and economic factors. It provides examples of how each change has impacted software engineering processes and timelines. Topic exercises are included for each change discussed to help students apply concepts.
Advantages and disadvantages of robotics and computational fluidJahnabi Sarmah
This document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of robotics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For robotics, advantages include increased efficiency, quality, and profitability due to precise and consistent work, while disadvantages are the high capital costs, need for expertise and maintenance, and potential job losses. For CFD, advantages are reduced development costs and quick assessment of design variations, while disadvantages include unreliable models, large computer requirements, expense, and potential errors.
Feasibility study on stereolithography apparatus sla and selective laser si...IAEME Publication
The document discusses a feasibility study comparing Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) additive manufacturing technologies. Test specimens were designed and built using the Accura 60 material on an SLA system and the Duraform PA/Nylon material on an SLS system. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical tests including tension testing, compression testing, and hardness testing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were also taken of fractured surfaces to examine the internal structures and causes of failure. The results of the experimentation were used to determine which material demonstrated better mechanical properties for the given applications.
Design involves formulating a plan to satisfy a particular need and create something with physical reality. When designing a chair, factors like purpose, intended user (adult or child), material strength and cost, aesthetics, and ergonomics must be considered. Machine design uses technical information, scientific principles, and imagination to design machines to perform specific functions with maximum economy and efficiency. This document discusses various machine design considerations and principles like types of loads, material selection, and theories of failure.
This document discusses modeling safety features for integration in the design process. It defines safety features and categorizes them into two main groups: safety features incorporated in machines and those outside of machines. Nine criteria are identified to characterize safety features. The methodology involves defining, identifying, classifying, and characterizing safety features. It also represents the design process as a feedback loop and establishes an algorithm for integrating safety considerations at the earliest design stages. The goal is to proactively address risks to improve safety.
This document discusses systems analysis and simulation. It defines a system as a collection of elements that work together to achieve a goal. There are two main types of systems: discrete systems where state variables change at separate points in time, and continuous systems where state variables change continuously over time. A model represents a system in order to study it, as experimenting directly with the real system may not be possible or wise. Simulation models can be static or dynamic, deterministic or stochastic, discrete or continuous. Discrete-event simulation specifically models systems as they progress through time as a series of instantaneous events.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch1Mohammed Romi
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance of ethics in software development, and introduces three case studies that will be used as examples throughout the book. Specifically:
[1] It defines software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. Professional and ethical practices are important.
[2] It discusses software engineering ethics and introduces the ACM/IEEE code of ethics for software engineers.
[3] It provides an overview of three case studies that will be referenced in later chapters: an insulin pump system, a patient management system, and a weather station system.
This document discusses changes in software engineering, including shorter time to market, use of object-oriented applications, user desktop computing, graphical user interfaces, increased networking, open source platforms, newer development models, and economic factors. It provides examples of how each change has impacted software engineering processes and timelines. Topic exercises are included for each change discussed to help students apply concepts.
This document provides an overview of discrete-event system simulation. It discusses what simulation is, when it is appropriate to use, its advantages and disadvantages. It also covers components of a system like entities, attributes, events. Different types of models are described - static vs dynamic and deterministic vs stochastic. Various application areas of simulation are listed like manufacturing, logistics, military etc.
This document discusses using a queueing model to design a lean manufacturing system based on Toyota's production system. It provides an overview of Toyota's approach of using small independent line segments separated by buffers. This allows problems to be fixed in-station to reduce rework. The document then discusses key considerations for factory designers in balancing factors like capacity, variation, buffers and costs. It provides a queueing model in an Excel file for experimenting with how changes to factors like line length, variation and over-speed impact throughput. Questions are also provided to help implement and communicate insights from the model.
This document discusses quantitative techniques for replacement modeling. It covers:
1) The replacement problem arises when components like machinery deteriorate over time, reducing efficiency. The objective is to maximize profit by keeping a system performing at a desired level.
2) Components can fail gradually, as efficiency decreases with usage, or suddenly without warning. Failure types include progressive, retrogressive, and random.
3) Costs associated with replacement include purchase, salvage, and maintenance costs, which typically increase over time. Techniques determine the optimal replacement time to minimize total costs.
RELIABILITY OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM OF SYSTEMScscpconf
In this paper, we present a new methodology about reliability of systems of systems. We present
also an example which combines the information transformation in complex systems and virtual
design of this system based on finite element analysis. This example is help to balance the
performances and the costs in complex system, or provide the optimal solution in manufacturing
design. It can also update the existing design of component by changing the new design of this
component.
Mechanical design and taboos of mechanical designJasmineHL
The document discusses the process of mechanical design. It begins with planning, which involves investigating requirements and constraints. This is followed by scheme design, where multiple solutions are considered. Technical design then refines the best scheme, determining part dimensions and drawings. Finally, technical documents are prepared. Computer tools now aid in optimization, analysis, and virtual prototyping during mechanical design. The goal is to design reliable, high-quality machines through a scientific process.
This document provides an introduction to complex system engineering. It defines what a system is, provides examples of complex systems like information systems, and discusses key aspects of systems engineering including the system lifecycle, iterative processes, requirements, architecture, integration, and verification and validation. Key definitions and concepts in systems engineering are explained at a high level.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study on Process Improvement in the Assembly Line of Switch Manufacturingijceronline
The paper is about the process improvement in the assembly line at switch manufacturing company and to improve the process by focusing into the areas viz. Process flow, Time study and rework minimization. This improvement are made by using cause-and-effect diagram, critical path method and root cause analysis. The analysis will help to reduce the amount of rework that occurs during manufacturing of modular switches in the assembly line process
This document summarizes research on 3D printing hollow compounds of different shapes. It discusses how 3D printing allows for more optimized geometries compared to traditional manufacturing and can produce hollow turbine blades, gears, and disc brakes with properties similar to solid compounds. Finite element analysis was performed on hollow and solid shapes of different cross-sections, finding equivalent stresses were approximately the same. 3D printing reduces material costs and makes manufacturing hollow compounds easier compared to traditional methods. The document concludes 3D printing technologies provide design flexibility while creating parts with layer-by-layer printing instead of traditional manufacturing approaches.
1 MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION Module out.docxjeremylockett77
1
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION
Module outline:
• What is Simulation?
• Simulation Terminology
• Components of a System
• Models in Simulation
• Typical applications
• References
WHAT IS SIMULATION?
simulation may be defined as a technique that imitates the operation of a real world
system or processes as it evolves over time. It involves the generation of an artificial
history of the system and observation of that artificial history to obtain information and
draw inferences about the operating characteristics of the real system. Simulation
educates us on how a system operates and how the system might respond to changes. It
enables us to test alternative courses of action to determine their impact on system
performance. Before an alternative is implemented, it must be tested. Although
performing tests with the “real thing” would be ideal. This is seldom practically feasible.
The cost associated with changing/improving a system may be very high both in the
term of capital required to implement the change and losses due to interruption in
production operations and other losses. In most cases experimentation with the
proposed alternative is practically impossible. In addition, as the cost of proposed
changes (alternative solutions) increase, so does the cost of physically experimenting.
As an example, suppose a heavy-duty conveyor is being considered as an alternative to
the existing material handling method (by trucks) for improving productivity and
speeding up the production operations in a factory (seeFigre3). It is obvious that
installing the proposed conveyor on a test basis would probably not be cost effective.
Therefore, experimentation with alternative configurations would be practically
impossible. In stead, experimentation with a representative model of the system would
probably make more sense.
Simulation is a means of experimenting with a detailed model of a real system to
Determine how the system will respond to changes in its environment, structure, and its
underlying assumption [Harrel (1996)]. Management Scientist uses a wide variety of
analytical tools to model, analyze, and solve complex decision problems. These tool
include linear programming, decision analysis, forecasting, Queuing theory and
Alternative 1: Use lift-truck
2
Point A Point B
(Warehouse) (Factory)
Alternative 2: use a conveyor
Point A
(warehouse ) . . . . . . . . Point B
...
Role of Simulation in Deep Drawn Cylindrical PartIJSRD
Simulation is widely used in forming industry due to its speed and lower cost and it has been proven to be effective in prediction of formability and spring back behavior. The purpose of finite element simulation in the sheet metal forming process is to minimize the time and cost in the design phase by predicting key outcomes such as the final shape of the part, the possibility of various defects and the flow of material. Such simulation is most useful and efficient when it is performed in the early stage of design by designers, rather than by analysis specialists after the detailed design is complete. The accuracy of such simulation depends on knowledge of material properties, boundary conditions and processing parameters. In the industry today, numerical sheet metal forming simulation is very important tool for reducing load time and improving part quality. In this paper finite element model for the deep-drawing of cylindrical cups is constructed and the simulation results are obtained by using different simulation parameters, i.e. punch velocity, coefficient of friction and blank holder force of the FE mesh-elements and these results are compared with experimental work.
Design and Engineering Module 3: Prototype to ProductNaseel Ibnu Azeez
As per KTU Syllabus Design and Engineering
Prototyping- rapid prototyping; testing and evaluation of design; Design modifications; Freezing the design; Cost analysis. Engineering the design – From prototype to product.
Planning; Scheduling; Supply chains; inventory; handling; manufacturing/construction operations; storage; packaging; shipping; marketing; feed-back on design.
This document provides an introduction to complex system engineering. It defines what a system is, discusses system engineering and the system engineering process. It covers topics such as requirements, design, architecture, integration, verification and validation. The goal of system engineering is to design the right system to satisfy customer needs using an interdisciplinary approach.
IRJET- A Critical Review on Bellow Part Removal FixtureIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of bellow removal fixtures. It begins with an abstract that describes bellows as flexible elements in expansion joints that absorb dimensional changes from forces and thermal expansion. It also describes fixtures as work holding devices that impact manufacturing quality, productivity and cost.
The document then reviews the design of bellow removal fixtures. It discusses key parameters like the fixture frame needing to be rigid to minimize deflection, fast clamping, and locating the workpiece with at least three fixed support points. It also reviews the "3-2-1" locating principle for prismatic parts. Finally, it concludes that fixtures are used for locating and holding workpieces, and that they are fixed to machines to aid mass production and reduce operator
TAG Manufacturing Kick Off Meeting, The Future of ManufacturingMelanie Brandt
The document summarizes research being conducted at the Manufacturing Research Center (MARC) at Georgia Tech. MARC focuses on developing new manufacturing technologies in areas like design, machining, rapid prototyping, and factory information systems. Specific projects mentioned include developing nano-lubricants to improve grinding efficiency, using lasers for hard turning and coating applications, and applying thin-film wireless sensors to monitor machining processes. MARC aims to improve productivity, lower production costs, develop new materials and processes, and transfer technologies to industry.
Suitability of Composite Material for Flywheel Analysis IJMER
The paper deals with analysis of flywheel in which comparison of flywheel existing material
and test material are done. There must be proper design and analysis of flywheel in order to meet the
necessity to smooth out enormous oscillations in velocity that occur during a cycle of i.c.engine in a
flywheel. So here some finite element analysis tools are used for design and analysis purpose. Then results
are compared with existing material.
Implementation and Selection of Optimum Layout Design in Cellular Manufacturi...AM Publications
Laying out a factory involves deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, equipment and staff in the
manufacturing operation and layout determines the way in which materials and other inputs flow through the operation.
The objective of this work is to find the best layout designs with an intention of minimize the material movement and cost
to improve the over efficiency of a diligence and such extension of our work is we planned to implement this optimized
layout design in any of the industry to achieve some good results in their production. In this paper we proposed to make
a deliberate case study in a process industry to study the existing layout design. We have design the optimum layout
considering different layouts like with an aim of minimize the cost by reducing the total travelling distance of materials
and change the existing layout design for selected process industry this optimum layout design is executed using through
ARENA simulation software with different form of machine layouts.
IRJET- Design Development and Analysis of Low Pressure Bladeless TurbineIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design, development, and analysis of a bladeless turbine. It begins by providing background on Tesla turbines, which use boundary layer effects rather than blades. The proposed design aims to recover low pressure energy in process industries as an alternative to using throttle valves.
The design process is divided into system design and mechanical design. System design parameters like component arrangement and interaction with operators are considered. Mechanical design involves analyzing forces and selecting materials. Applications discussed include using compressed air/steam as a power source, waste pumps, and centrifugal blood pumps. The document concludes that the project helped apply engineering concepts to practical problems and learn teamwork skills.
The document discusses use cases and software architecture. It provides an overview of use cases, their benefits, and challenges. It then discusses how use cases relate to software architecture and different architectural views. The document proposes a methodology for developing use cases with 12 steps, including defining the system boundary, prioritizing use cases, describing use cases, and knowing when to stop. It also discusses challenges with complex use cases and proposes a technique called "use case chains" to reduce complexity.
This document provides an overview of discrete-event system simulation. It discusses what simulation is, when it is appropriate to use, its advantages and disadvantages. It also covers components of a system like entities, attributes, events. Different types of models are described - static vs dynamic and deterministic vs stochastic. Various application areas of simulation are listed like manufacturing, logistics, military etc.
This document discusses using a queueing model to design a lean manufacturing system based on Toyota's production system. It provides an overview of Toyota's approach of using small independent line segments separated by buffers. This allows problems to be fixed in-station to reduce rework. The document then discusses key considerations for factory designers in balancing factors like capacity, variation, buffers and costs. It provides a queueing model in an Excel file for experimenting with how changes to factors like line length, variation and over-speed impact throughput. Questions are also provided to help implement and communicate insights from the model.
This document discusses quantitative techniques for replacement modeling. It covers:
1) The replacement problem arises when components like machinery deteriorate over time, reducing efficiency. The objective is to maximize profit by keeping a system performing at a desired level.
2) Components can fail gradually, as efficiency decreases with usage, or suddenly without warning. Failure types include progressive, retrogressive, and random.
3) Costs associated with replacement include purchase, salvage, and maintenance costs, which typically increase over time. Techniques determine the optimal replacement time to minimize total costs.
RELIABILITY OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM OF SYSTEMScscpconf
In this paper, we present a new methodology about reliability of systems of systems. We present
also an example which combines the information transformation in complex systems and virtual
design of this system based on finite element analysis. This example is help to balance the
performances and the costs in complex system, or provide the optimal solution in manufacturing
design. It can also update the existing design of component by changing the new design of this
component.
Mechanical design and taboos of mechanical designJasmineHL
The document discusses the process of mechanical design. It begins with planning, which involves investigating requirements and constraints. This is followed by scheme design, where multiple solutions are considered. Technical design then refines the best scheme, determining part dimensions and drawings. Finally, technical documents are prepared. Computer tools now aid in optimization, analysis, and virtual prototyping during mechanical design. The goal is to design reliable, high-quality machines through a scientific process.
This document provides an introduction to complex system engineering. It defines what a system is, provides examples of complex systems like information systems, and discusses key aspects of systems engineering including the system lifecycle, iterative processes, requirements, architecture, integration, and verification and validation. Key definitions and concepts in systems engineering are explained at a high level.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study on Process Improvement in the Assembly Line of Switch Manufacturingijceronline
The paper is about the process improvement in the assembly line at switch manufacturing company and to improve the process by focusing into the areas viz. Process flow, Time study and rework minimization. This improvement are made by using cause-and-effect diagram, critical path method and root cause analysis. The analysis will help to reduce the amount of rework that occurs during manufacturing of modular switches in the assembly line process
This document summarizes research on 3D printing hollow compounds of different shapes. It discusses how 3D printing allows for more optimized geometries compared to traditional manufacturing and can produce hollow turbine blades, gears, and disc brakes with properties similar to solid compounds. Finite element analysis was performed on hollow and solid shapes of different cross-sections, finding equivalent stresses were approximately the same. 3D printing reduces material costs and makes manufacturing hollow compounds easier compared to traditional methods. The document concludes 3D printing technologies provide design flexibility while creating parts with layer-by-layer printing instead of traditional manufacturing approaches.
1 MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION Module out.docxjeremylockett77
1
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION
Module outline:
• What is Simulation?
• Simulation Terminology
• Components of a System
• Models in Simulation
• Typical applications
• References
WHAT IS SIMULATION?
simulation may be defined as a technique that imitates the operation of a real world
system or processes as it evolves over time. It involves the generation of an artificial
history of the system and observation of that artificial history to obtain information and
draw inferences about the operating characteristics of the real system. Simulation
educates us on how a system operates and how the system might respond to changes. It
enables us to test alternative courses of action to determine their impact on system
performance. Before an alternative is implemented, it must be tested. Although
performing tests with the “real thing” would be ideal. This is seldom practically feasible.
The cost associated with changing/improving a system may be very high both in the
term of capital required to implement the change and losses due to interruption in
production operations and other losses. In most cases experimentation with the
proposed alternative is practically impossible. In addition, as the cost of proposed
changes (alternative solutions) increase, so does the cost of physically experimenting.
As an example, suppose a heavy-duty conveyor is being considered as an alternative to
the existing material handling method (by trucks) for improving productivity and
speeding up the production operations in a factory (seeFigre3). It is obvious that
installing the proposed conveyor on a test basis would probably not be cost effective.
Therefore, experimentation with alternative configurations would be practically
impossible. In stead, experimentation with a representative model of the system would
probably make more sense.
Simulation is a means of experimenting with a detailed model of a real system to
Determine how the system will respond to changes in its environment, structure, and its
underlying assumption [Harrel (1996)]. Management Scientist uses a wide variety of
analytical tools to model, analyze, and solve complex decision problems. These tool
include linear programming, decision analysis, forecasting, Queuing theory and
Alternative 1: Use lift-truck
2
Point A Point B
(Warehouse) (Factory)
Alternative 2: use a conveyor
Point A
(warehouse ) . . . . . . . . Point B
...
Role of Simulation in Deep Drawn Cylindrical PartIJSRD
Simulation is widely used in forming industry due to its speed and lower cost and it has been proven to be effective in prediction of formability and spring back behavior. The purpose of finite element simulation in the sheet metal forming process is to minimize the time and cost in the design phase by predicting key outcomes such as the final shape of the part, the possibility of various defects and the flow of material. Such simulation is most useful and efficient when it is performed in the early stage of design by designers, rather than by analysis specialists after the detailed design is complete. The accuracy of such simulation depends on knowledge of material properties, boundary conditions and processing parameters. In the industry today, numerical sheet metal forming simulation is very important tool for reducing load time and improving part quality. In this paper finite element model for the deep-drawing of cylindrical cups is constructed and the simulation results are obtained by using different simulation parameters, i.e. punch velocity, coefficient of friction and blank holder force of the FE mesh-elements and these results are compared with experimental work.
Design and Engineering Module 3: Prototype to ProductNaseel Ibnu Azeez
As per KTU Syllabus Design and Engineering
Prototyping- rapid prototyping; testing and evaluation of design; Design modifications; Freezing the design; Cost analysis. Engineering the design – From prototype to product.
Planning; Scheduling; Supply chains; inventory; handling; manufacturing/construction operations; storage; packaging; shipping; marketing; feed-back on design.
This document provides an introduction to complex system engineering. It defines what a system is, discusses system engineering and the system engineering process. It covers topics such as requirements, design, architecture, integration, verification and validation. The goal of system engineering is to design the right system to satisfy customer needs using an interdisciplinary approach.
IRJET- A Critical Review on Bellow Part Removal FixtureIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of bellow removal fixtures. It begins with an abstract that describes bellows as flexible elements in expansion joints that absorb dimensional changes from forces and thermal expansion. It also describes fixtures as work holding devices that impact manufacturing quality, productivity and cost.
The document then reviews the design of bellow removal fixtures. It discusses key parameters like the fixture frame needing to be rigid to minimize deflection, fast clamping, and locating the workpiece with at least three fixed support points. It also reviews the "3-2-1" locating principle for prismatic parts. Finally, it concludes that fixtures are used for locating and holding workpieces, and that they are fixed to machines to aid mass production and reduce operator
TAG Manufacturing Kick Off Meeting, The Future of ManufacturingMelanie Brandt
The document summarizes research being conducted at the Manufacturing Research Center (MARC) at Georgia Tech. MARC focuses on developing new manufacturing technologies in areas like design, machining, rapid prototyping, and factory information systems. Specific projects mentioned include developing nano-lubricants to improve grinding efficiency, using lasers for hard turning and coating applications, and applying thin-film wireless sensors to monitor machining processes. MARC aims to improve productivity, lower production costs, develop new materials and processes, and transfer technologies to industry.
Suitability of Composite Material for Flywheel Analysis IJMER
The paper deals with analysis of flywheel in which comparison of flywheel existing material
and test material are done. There must be proper design and analysis of flywheel in order to meet the
necessity to smooth out enormous oscillations in velocity that occur during a cycle of i.c.engine in a
flywheel. So here some finite element analysis tools are used for design and analysis purpose. Then results
are compared with existing material.
Implementation and Selection of Optimum Layout Design in Cellular Manufacturi...AM Publications
Laying out a factory involves deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, equipment and staff in the
manufacturing operation and layout determines the way in which materials and other inputs flow through the operation.
The objective of this work is to find the best layout designs with an intention of minimize the material movement and cost
to improve the over efficiency of a diligence and such extension of our work is we planned to implement this optimized
layout design in any of the industry to achieve some good results in their production. In this paper we proposed to make
a deliberate case study in a process industry to study the existing layout design. We have design the optimum layout
considering different layouts like with an aim of minimize the cost by reducing the total travelling distance of materials
and change the existing layout design for selected process industry this optimum layout design is executed using through
ARENA simulation software with different form of machine layouts.
IRJET- Design Development and Analysis of Low Pressure Bladeless TurbineIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design, development, and analysis of a bladeless turbine. It begins by providing background on Tesla turbines, which use boundary layer effects rather than blades. The proposed design aims to recover low pressure energy in process industries as an alternative to using throttle valves.
The design process is divided into system design and mechanical design. System design parameters like component arrangement and interaction with operators are considered. Mechanical design involves analyzing forces and selecting materials. Applications discussed include using compressed air/steam as a power source, waste pumps, and centrifugal blood pumps. The document concludes that the project helped apply engineering concepts to practical problems and learn teamwork skills.
The document discusses use cases and software architecture. It provides an overview of use cases, their benefits, and challenges. It then discusses how use cases relate to software architecture and different architectural views. The document proposes a methodology for developing use cases with 12 steps, including defining the system boundary, prioritizing use cases, describing use cases, and knowing when to stop. It also discusses challenges with complex use cases and proposes a technique called "use case chains" to reduce complexity.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
UTTARAKHAND
PRESENTATION ON
Modelling & Simulation
Material Selection
Presented to Presented by
Mr. Anshul Ashwani Kumar
Assistant Professor Roll No. MT16MEC012
(Department of Mechanical Engg.)
2. What is Model
A Representation of an object , a system or an idea in
some form other than that of itself.
(Shannon)
Model is the small scale replica of the actual structure or
components.
3. Simulation
3
A simulation of a system is the operation of a model. The model
can be reconfigured and experimented with the operation of the
model can be studied, and hence, properties concerning the
behaviour of the actual system or its subsystem.[1]
In its broadest sense, simulation is a tool to evaluate the
performance of a system.
Simulation is used before an existing system is altered or a new
system built, to reduce the chances of failure to meet
specifications, and to optimize system performance.
4. Simulation model has two inputs
i. Controllable inputs
ii. Probabilistic inputs
Fig. 1
Controllable inputs are those inputs which are controlled by decision
maker such as total quantity of goods produced by a firm, unit selling
cost of that product
Probabilistic inputs are those inputs which are not controlled by
decision maker such as direct labour cost, demand etc.
Model
Probabilistic
inputs
Controllable
inputs
Output
5. Why are models used?
To test a system without having to create the system for
real (Building real-life systems can be expensive, and take a
long time)
To predict what might happen to a system in the future
To train people to use a system without putting them at risk
(Learning to fly an airplane is very difficult and mistake will
be made. In a real plane mistakes could be fatal!)
To investigate a system in great detail (A model of a system
can be zoomed in/out or rotated.
6. Terminology
System
A group of objects that are joined together in some regular
interaction or interdependence toward the accomplishment
of some purpose.
● Entity
An object of interest in the system.
E.g., customers at a bank
7. Terminology (continued)
Attribute
a property of an entity
E.g., checking account balance
Activity
Represents a time period of specified length.
Instantaneous occurrence that transform the
state of an entity
E.g., making bank deposits
8. Terminology (continued)
Event:
change in the system state.
E.g., arrival, departure
State Variables
Define the state of the system
E.g. length of the job queue.
9. Terminology (continued)
Process
Sequence of events ordered on time
Note:
the three concepts(event, process, and activity) give
rise to three alternative ways of building discrete
simulation models
10. Examples of systems and components
System Entities Attributes Activities Events State
Variables
Banking Customers Checking
account
balance
Making
deposits
Arrival;
Departure
# of busy
tellers; # of
customers
waiting
11. STEPS IN A SIMULATION STUDY
Problem
formulation
Setting of
objectives
and overall
project plan
Model
conceptualization
Data
collection
Model
translation
Verified?
No
Validated?
No
No
Experimental
Design
Production runs
and analysis
More runs?
Documentation
and reporting
No
Implementation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fig. 2
12. Designing Safer Cars
A computer model of a car can be used to
test how safe the design of the car is in a
crash.[2]
The virtual car can be crashed over and
over again, the effects investigated and
the design easily changed until it is as safe
as possible.
This is much quicker and cheaper than
building and crashing real cars!
Fig.3
13. Weather Forecasting
A computer model of a weather system can
be used to predict storms.
The wind patterns, temperatures, etc. for
the whole planet are simulated using very
powerful computers.
(Since weather is so complex, and the
models are not yet accurate enough, often
the weather forecast is wrong!)
Fig. 4
14. Bridge Design
A computer model of a bridge can be used to test
the design.
Bridges have to be able to survive extreme weather
conditions. It is obvious not practical to build a
real bridge and then wait to see if it falls down in a
storm. Instead, a computer model of the bridge is
created and tested in virtual storms.
Bridges can also be tested to see if they can cope
with heavy traffic.
A similar system is used by building designers,
especially for very large or tall buildings.
15. Training Pilots
Trainee pilots have many hours of lessons in flight
simulators before being allowed to fly a real
airplane.
Flight simulators behave almost exactly like real
airplanes since they are controlled by a computer
with a very accurate and realistic model of the
airplane. The main difference is that the
simulator can’t actually crash!
Pilots can make mistakes without putting anyone’s
life at risk.
Flight simulators can provide a pilot with any
number of highly realistic flying situations:
storms, engine failures, low cloud hiding the
runway, etc.
Fig.6
16. Advantages of Simulation
• When mathematical analysis methods are not available,
simulation may be the only investigation tool
• When mathematical analysis methods are available, but are
so complex that simulation may provide a simpler solution
• Allows comparisons of alternative designs or alternative
operating policies
17. Disadvantages of Simulation
Simulation estimates the output while an analytical
solution, if available, produces the exact output
Often expensive and time consuming to develop
An invalid model may result with confidence in wrong
results.
19. Materials are selected on the basis of four general criteria:
• Performance characteristics (properties)
• Processing (manufacturing) characteristics
• Environmental profile
• Business considerations
Material Selection Criteria
21. Material Selection Example
Consider the question of materials selection for an automotive exhaust system.[3] The product
design specification states that it must provide the following functions:
Conduct engine exhaust gases away from the engine
Prevent noxious fumes from entering the car
Cool the exhaust gases
Reduce the engine noise
Reduce the exposure of automobile body parts to exhaust gases
Affect the engine performance as little as possible
Help control unwanted exhaust emissions
Have an acceptably long service life
Have a reasonable cost, both as original equipment and as a replacement part
22. Material Requirements for an Automotive Exhaust System
Mechanical property requirements not overly severe.
Suitable rigidity to prevent excessive vibration
Moderate fatigue resistance
Good creep resistance in hot parts
Limiting property:
corrosion resistance , especially in the cold end where gases condense to form corrosive liquids.
Properties of unique interest:
The requirements are so special that only a few materials meet them regardless of cost.
Pt-base catalysts in catalytic converter
Special ceramic carrier that supports the catalyst
Fig.10
23. Previous materials used:
Low-carbon steel with corrosion-resistant coatings.
Material is relatively inexpensive, readily formed and welded. Life of tailpipe and muffler is limited.
Newer materials used:
With greater emphasis on automotive quality, many producers have moved to specially developed stainless
steels with improved corrosion and creep properties. Ferritic 11% Cr alloys are used in the cold end
components and 17 to 20% Cr ferritic alloys and austenitic Cr-Ni alloys in the hot end of the system.
24. Tolerance
A tolerance is the permissible variation from the specified dimension
The designer must decide how much variation is allowable from the basic dimension of the
component to accomplish the desired function.
The tolerance on a part is the difference between the upper and lower allowable limits of a
basic size dimension
25. Types of Tolerance
Bilateral tolerance
The variation occurs in both directions from the basic dimension. That is, the upper limit
exceeds the basic value and the lower limit falls below it.
2.500 ± 0.005 (This is the most common way of specifying tolerances)
Unilateral tolerance:
The basic dimension is taken as one of the limits, and variation is in only one direction
26. Standards & Codes in Design
Code is a collection of laws and rules that assists a government agency in meeting its
obligation to protect the general welfare by preventing damage to property or injury or loss of
life to persons.
Standard is a generally agreed-upon set of procedures, criteria, dimensions, materials, or
parts. Engineering standards may describe the dimensions and sizes of small parts like screws
and bearings, the minimum properties of materials, or an agreed-upon procedure to measure a
property like fracture toughness.
Fig.11
27. Some Background:
The U.S. federal government is the largest single creator
and user of standards: more than 45,000 (by current
estimates)!
About 210 organization are designated Standard
Development Organizations (SDO’s)
Most Standards (about 90%) come from about 20 of these
SDO’s
ASTM, ASME, IEEE, AISI (ASM), ASCE, are some of the most
important SDO’s
28. Why Standards & Codes ?
• it makes the best practice available to everyone, thereby ensuring efficiency and safety.
• it promotes interchangeability and compatibility. With respect to the second point, anyone who has
traveled widely in other countries will understand the compatibility problems with connecting plugs
and electrical voltage and frequency when trying to use small appliances
Fig.12
29. How they’re used:
Standards are a
“COMMUNICATION” tool that
allows all users to speak the
same language when reacting to
products or processes
They provide a “Legal,” or at
least enforceable, means to
evaluate acceptability and sale-
ability of products and/or
services
They can be taught and applied
globally!
They, ultimately, are designed
to protect the public from
questionable designs, products
and practices
They teach us, as
engineers, how we can
best meet
environmental, health,
safety and societal
responsibilities
30. Figure References
Fig.1.Simulation and modelling images-template.png.google images
Fig.2. Researchers stage largest military simulation ever -.jpeg.google images
Fig.3. Wescott bob 2013 ,the every computer performance book. Chapter7 modelling
performance.
Fig.4. C. Rolland and C. Thanons penici (1998). "A Comprehensive View of Process
Engineering". In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference CAiSE'98, B. Lecture
Notes in Computer Science 1413, Pisa, Italy, Springer, June 1998.
Fig.5. Mylopoulos, J."Conceptual modeling and Telos1". In Loucopoulos, P.; Zicari,
R. Conceptual Modeling, Databases, and Case An integrated view of information
systems development. New York: Wiley. pp. 49–68.
31. References
T. T . Woodson , Introduction to Engineering Design, McGraw-Hill, New York , 1966
, pp. 131–35 .
P. E . Wellstead , Introduction to Physical System Modeling , Academic Press, New
York , 1979 ; W. G . Reider and H. R . Busby , Introductory Engineering Modeling,
John Wiley & Sons, New York , 1986 ; D. E . Thompson , Design Analysis,Cambridge
University Press, New York , 1999 .
J. K . Liker , M . Fleischer , and D . Arnsdorf , “ Fulfilling the Promise of CAD, ”
Sloan Management Review, Spring 1992 , pp. 74–86 .
M. F . Ashby ,Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, 3d ed., Elsevier
Butterworth-Heinemann,Oxford, UK , 2005 .
ASM Handbook, Vol. 8,Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, ASM International,
Materials Park,OH , 2000 , pp. 198–287 .