(41)B. Mitochondria - cellular respiration(42)B. adhesive junc.pdf
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(41) B. Mitochondria - cellular respiration (42) B. adhesive junctions Adherens junctions are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions which tightly bind cells together in a tissue layer (43) C. communicating junctions communicating junctions enable communication between neighboring cells via specialized proteins. They are also called gap junctions which allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells. (44) C. Selectively permeable Cell membranes are selectively permeable, allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it (45) A. Water Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration from low solute concentration. (46) B. Shriveling Cell shrinks as it loses water (47) D. Somatic, somatic Solution (41) B. Mitochondria - cellular respiration (42) B. adhesive junctions Adherens junctions are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions which tightly bind cells together in a tissue layer (43) C. communicating junctions communicating junctions enable communication between neighboring cells via specialized proteins. They are also called gap junctions which allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells. (44) C. Selectively permeable Cell membranes are selectively permeable, allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it (45) A. Water Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration from low solute concentration. (46) B. Shriveling Cell shrinks as it loses water (47) D. Somatic, somatic.
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Please answer the following questions only if you know it.Than.pdf
Please answer the following questions only if you know it.
Thank you.
Solution
Answer:
2. (B) Different cells express different set of genes.
Cell differentiation generally depends on changes in gene expression rather than on any changes
in the nucleotide sequence of the cell\'s genome.
3. (A) The type of cell adhesion molecules and cellular junctions.
A fundamental feature of complex multicellular organisms is the molecular adhesion that
governs formation of a distinctive and reproducible multicellular morphology. In animals, cell
adhesion is mediated by a battery of proteins, including those that give rise to epithelia. Plants, in
contrast, use pectins and, perhaps, hemicelluloses to mediate cell-cell adhesion.
Complex multicellular organisms show not only evidence of cell-cell adhesion but also
intercellular communication and, commonly, tissue differentiation mediated by networks of
regulatory genes.
4. (A) Simple diffusion
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are both small, nonpolar molecules that are able to pass through the
lipid bilayers of the membrane through the simple diffusion process because the plasma
membrane of the capillaries are permeable to these substances..
Membrane transport(Passive mediated)
This presentation describes about passive mediated membrane transport
BSC1005 Biology General Chapter 6 1 Chapter 6 Cel.docx
BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 6
1
Chapter 6: Cell Energy, Transport and Enzymes
1) Many of the enzymes that control a deep-sea firefly squid's ability to produce light energy from chemical energy are located
A) in membranes.
B) in the nucleus.
C) within chloroplasts.
D) outside of cells.
E) within mitochondria.
2) The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of
A) a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates.
B) two layers of phospholipids with protein sandwiched between them.
C) a protein bilayer with embedded phospholipids.
D) carbohydrates, proteins, and phospholipids that can drift in the membrane.
E) individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer.
3) Membrane phospholipids
A) have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane and are shielded from water.
B) have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water.
C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons.
D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another.
E) form impermeable layers for cells.
4) The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes
A) is attached to membrane proteins and extends into the watery environment surrounding the cell.
B) helps to stabilize the cell membrane at body temperature.
C) makes the cell membrane fluid at room temperature.
D) is an abnormality resulting from a diet high in cholesterol.
E) helps solidify the membranes when the room temperature is below freezing.
5) A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to
A) glue cells together to form tissues.
B) allow the cells of an embryo to sort themselves into tissues and organs.
C) attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton.
D) help the cell resist swelling.
E) help the cell retain its shape.
6) When physicians perform an organ transplant, they choose a donor whose tissues match those of the recipient as closely as
possible. Which of the following cell components are being matched?
A) plasma membrane phospholipids
B) plasma membrane proteins
C) cell-surface carbohydrates
D) plasma membrane cholesterols
E) cytoskeletal elements
7) Most of the functions of a cell membrane are performed by
A) glycolipids.
B) proteins.
C) phospholipids.
D) cholesterol.
E) nucleotides.
BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 6
2
9) Relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called
A) signal transduction.
B) inhibition.
C) competition.
D) self-recognition.
E) selective permeability.
10) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
A) anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.
B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
C) glucose cannot ...
Recommended
Please answer the following questions only if you know it.Than.pdf
Please answer the following questions only if you know it.
Thank you.
Solution
Answer:
2. (B) Different cells express different set of genes.
Cell differentiation generally depends on changes in gene expression rather than on any changes
in the nucleotide sequence of the cell\'s genome.
3. (A) The type of cell adhesion molecules and cellular junctions.
A fundamental feature of complex multicellular organisms is the molecular adhesion that
governs formation of a distinctive and reproducible multicellular morphology. In animals, cell
adhesion is mediated by a battery of proteins, including those that give rise to epithelia. Plants, in
contrast, use pectins and, perhaps, hemicelluloses to mediate cell-cell adhesion.
Complex multicellular organisms show not only evidence of cell-cell adhesion but also
intercellular communication and, commonly, tissue differentiation mediated by networks of
regulatory genes.
4. (A) Simple diffusion
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are both small, nonpolar molecules that are able to pass through the
lipid bilayers of the membrane through the simple diffusion process because the plasma
membrane of the capillaries are permeable to these substances..
Membrane transport(Passive mediated)
This presentation describes about passive mediated membrane transport
BSC1005 Biology General Chapter 6 1 Chapter 6 Cel.docx
BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 6
1
Chapter 6: Cell Energy, Transport and Enzymes
1) Many of the enzymes that control a deep-sea firefly squid's ability to produce light energy from chemical energy are located
A) in membranes.
B) in the nucleus.
C) within chloroplasts.
D) outside of cells.
E) within mitochondria.
2) The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of
A) a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates.
B) two layers of phospholipids with protein sandwiched between them.
C) a protein bilayer with embedded phospholipids.
D) carbohydrates, proteins, and phospholipids that can drift in the membrane.
E) individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer.
3) Membrane phospholipids
A) have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane and are shielded from water.
B) have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water.
C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons.
D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another.
E) form impermeable layers for cells.
4) The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes
A) is attached to membrane proteins and extends into the watery environment surrounding the cell.
B) helps to stabilize the cell membrane at body temperature.
C) makes the cell membrane fluid at room temperature.
D) is an abnormality resulting from a diet high in cholesterol.
E) helps solidify the membranes when the room temperature is below freezing.
5) A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to
A) glue cells together to form tissues.
B) allow the cells of an embryo to sort themselves into tissues and organs.
C) attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton.
D) help the cell resist swelling.
E) help the cell retain its shape.
6) When physicians perform an organ transplant, they choose a donor whose tissues match those of the recipient as closely as
possible. Which of the following cell components are being matched?
A) plasma membrane phospholipids
B) plasma membrane proteins
C) cell-surface carbohydrates
D) plasma membrane cholesterols
E) cytoskeletal elements
7) Most of the functions of a cell membrane are performed by
A) glycolipids.
B) proteins.
C) phospholipids.
D) cholesterol.
E) nucleotides.
BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 6
2
9) Relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called
A) signal transduction.
B) inhibition.
C) competition.
D) self-recognition.
E) selective permeability.
10) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
A) anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.
B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
C) glucose cannot ...
Transport of substances across Cell membrane
Physiology 1st yr MBBS presentation based on Guytons Physiology book
Describe the roll of each of the following in membrane transport a.pdf
Describe the roll of each of the following in membrane transport
a.)facilities diffusion
b.)osmosis
c.)active transport
d.)endocytosis
e.)exocytosis
Solution
a)
Facilitated diffusion is the process of spontaneous passive passage of molecules or ions across a
cell\'s membrane passing through specific transmembrane integral proteins. Its role:
b) Osmosis is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of
lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.In other word it is the
diffusion of water down the water potential gradient. It’s role:
c) active transport:
d) and e) Exocytosis and endocytosis:Endocytosis and exocytosis are both forms of bulk
transport that move materials into and out of cells, respectively, via vesicles. not by membrane
transport..
1]Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a netw.pdf
1]
Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a network of organs, cells, and molecules
that defend the body from invaders of all kinds, including cold viruses such as rhinovirus and
susceptibility luck of resistance to a diseases
2]
Nonspecific resistance is defenses against any pathogen.
First line of defense involves physical barriers such as skin and mucus membrane and a first line
of defense against intruders such as pathogens
Mechanical factor
Epidermis consists of tightly packed cells with keratin, a protective protein waterproof
Saliva washes microbes off teeth and gums
Lacrimal apparatus washes eye, removes microbes
Mucus traps microbes moved up and out by ciliary escalator
Chemical factors
Fungistatic fatty acid in sebum
Sweat washes off skin contains lysozyme
Lysozyme in perspiration, tears, saliva and tissue fluids
Transferrins in blood bind iron removing this nutrient
Nitrous oxide inhibits ATP production of microbes
3]
Define phagocytosis and include the stages of adherence and ingestion
Phagocytosis is a process of ingestion and digestion by cells, bacteria, bits of necrotic tissue,
foreign particles.
Solution
1]
Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a network of organs, cells, and molecules
that defend the body from invaders of all kinds, including cold viruses such as rhinovirus and
susceptibility luck of resistance to a diseases
2]
Nonspecific resistance is defenses against any pathogen.
First line of defense involves physical barriers such as skin and mucus membrane and a first line
of defense against intruders such as pathogens
Mechanical factor
Epidermis consists of tightly packed cells with keratin, a protective protein waterproof
Saliva washes microbes off teeth and gums
Lacrimal apparatus washes eye, removes microbes
Mucus traps microbes moved up and out by ciliary escalator
Chemical factors
Fungistatic fatty acid in sebum
Sweat washes off skin contains lysozyme
Lysozyme in perspiration, tears, saliva and tissue fluids
Transferrins in blood bind iron removing this nutrient
Nitrous oxide inhibits ATP production of microbes
3]
Define phagocytosis and include the stages of adherence and ingestion
Phagocytosis is a process of ingestion and digestion by cells, bacteria, bits of necrotic tissue,
foreign particles..
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe.pdf
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe what is the type of Crow
class.Crow is a type of Bird.As is having the features of the Bird we have to make the Crow class
as a subclass to Bird class.
2.Actually we kept the bodyTemperature variable in Reptile class.But we know every living
thing has a body temperature.So we have to use that variable in the super class or parent class of
all the classes.
So we have to put that bodyTemperature varuable in the animal class(This is the super class of
all te classes here).So that all animals will have bodytemperature.Means the subclasses of the
Animal class like Reptile class and Bird class will have body temperature.
If we use bodyTemperature in Reptile class.We can use it only in the Reptile class and its
subclasses.We can use it the Bird Class and its sub classes.
3)If we want to make an Ostrich class as a subclass to Bird class,and also if we want to disable
the fly() method of Bird class in Ostrich class we have to override the fly() method in the Ostrich
class and we dont have to provide any implementation for that overridden fly() method .So that if
we call the fly() method in Ostrich it will not do anything or we can write
UnsupportedOperationException.
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
}
}
_______________( OR )___________________
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
_________________________________________
Solution
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe what is the type of Crow
class.Crow is a type of Bird.As is having the features of the Bird we have to make the Crow class
as a subclass to Bird class.
2.Actually we kept the bodyTemperature variable in Reptile class.But we know every living
thing has a body temperature.So we have to use that variable in the super class or parent class of
all the classes.
So we have to put that bodyTemperature varuable in the animal class(This is the super class of
all te classes here).So that all animals will have bodytemperature.Means the subclasses of the
Animal class like Reptile class and Bird class will have body temperature.
If we use bodyTemperature in Reptile class.We can use it only in the Reptile class and its
subclasses.We can use it the Bird Class and its sub classes.
3)If we want to make an Ostrich class as a subclass to Bird class,and also if we want to disable
the fly() method of Bird class in Ostrich class we have to override the fly() method in the Ostrich
class and we dont have to provide any implementation for that overridden fly() method .So that if
we call the fly() method in Ostrich it will not do anything or we can write
UnsupportedOperationException.
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
}
}
_______________( OR )___________________
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
_________________________________________.
1. Assignment1.java public class Assignment1 { public sta.pdf
1.
//Assignment1.java
public class Assignment1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//integer variable
int intNumber=15;
//double variable
double doubleNumber=6;
//declare ratio of type double
double ratio;
//Divide the integer by integer yields an integer value
//even the intNumber=15 divided by 6, the result is 2
//since decimal value,0.5 is discarded from 2.5.
ratio=intNumber/6;
System.out.println(\"intNumber = \"+intNumber);
System.out.println(\"doubleNumber = \"+doubleNumber);
//print ratio value ,2 to console
System.out.println(\"ratio=intNumber/6 = \"+ratio);
//Re-assignment
//Divide the integer by double yields an double value
//2.5 is double value stored in a double variable, ratio
ratio=intNumber/doubleNumber;
//print ration to console
System.out.println(\"ratio=intNumber/doubleNumber=\"+ratio);
}
}//end of class Assignment1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
//Assignment2.java
public class Assignment2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//since the ascii values of a =97
//and b=98,a+b=195 is printed
System.out.println(\'a\'+\'b\');
//double quotation is string
//value and converts the characters
//to string
System.out.println(\" \"+\'a\'+\'b\');
//even double quotation is a string
//the paranthesis separates the character
// values from the string and sum the
//a+b=195 to console
System.out.println(\" \"+(\'a\'+\'b\'));
}
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
//Assignment3.java
public class Assignment3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//integer variable
int intNumber=15;
//double variable
double doubleNumber=6;
//since the string \"These are numbers: \" will not sum the values
//intNumber and doubleNumber so they print as individual values along with string
System.out.println(\"These are numbers: \" + intNumber + doubleNumber);
//here intNumber and doubleNumber are separatead by paranthesis
//so they become added up and print the result to console.
System.out.println(\"These are numbers: \" + (intNumber + doubleNumber));
}
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.
//Assignment4.java
public class Assignment4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//integer variable
int intNumber=15;
//double variable
double doubleNumber=6;
// in the paranthesis, the multiplucation got prioority over / and +
//intNumber*doubleNumber=90.0, then 5/90=0.05, .05 is dicarded
//25+0+1=26 will be printed
System.out.println(\"Formula1: \" + (25 +5/intNumber*doubleNumber + 1));
//Preference of parenthesis from right to left
//(doubleNumber+1)=6+1=7
//(25+5)=30
// The division operator gets percedence from left to right
// then * got precedence
//30/15*(6+1)=30/15*7=2*7=14
System.out.println(((25+5)/intNumber*(doubleNumber + 1)));
}
}
Solution
1.
//Assignment1.java
public class Assignment1 {
pub.
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter2.Thei.pdf
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter
2.Their names are not given. Stories takh mainly about Mrs. Sommers\' rather than her children..
Solution
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter
2.Their names are not given. Stories takh mainly about Mrs. Sommers\' rather than her children...
The electrons which are involved in bond formatio.pdf
The electrons which are involved in bond formation between atoms are found in the
outermost shell (sometimes in the next to the outer-most shell) of the neutral atom; these are
called VALENCE ELECTRONS. The atoms of elements which have only one or two electrons
in their outermost shells (active shells) may lose electrons when they combine with atoms of
other elements. An atom which has lost one or more valence electrons possesses a positive
charge, and is called a POSITIVE ION. The sodium atom loses its one valence electron and
acquires a +1 charge when it enters into chemical combination with an atom of an element such
as chlorine. The magnesium atom may lose its two valence electrons and assume a +2 charge.
Na Na+ + e- The Na symbol to the left of the arrow represents a stable sodium atom while the
Na+ symbol to the right of the arrow represents an unstable sodium ion which has had a single
electron removed. Mg Mg++ + 2e- The Mg symbol to the left of the arrow represents a stable
magnesium atom while the Mg++ symbol to the right of the arrow represents an unstable
magnesium ion which has had two electrons removed. The smaller the number of valence
electrons in the atom, the greater the tendency of the element to lose electrons and thus form
positive ions during chemical combination with atoms of other elements. The energy required to
remove an electron from a neutral atom to form a positive ion is called the IONIZATION
POTENTIAL of the atom. Some metals have small ionization potentials and readily form
positive ions. The nonmetals, which have more electrons in their outer shells than the metals,
have large ionization potentials and show little tendency toward the formation of positive ions.
Atoms which lack one or two electrons of having an outermost shell of eight electrons readily
gain sufficient electrons from certain other atoms, such as sodium and magnesium, to make a full
compliment of eight electrons in the outside shell. Neutral atoms become NEGATIVE IONS by
gaining electrons. The nonmetals, such as Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I),
Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) and Sulfur (S), readily form negative ions. Cl + e- Cl- Chlorine,
when in its stable form, possesses seven valence electrons and therefore has the ability to gain
one electron (as represented to the left of the arrow) giving it a negative charge of one when in
its unstable ionic form (as represented to the right of the arrow above). S + 2e- S-2 Sulfur, when
in its stable form, possesses six valence electrons and therefore has the ability to gain two
electrons giving it a negative charge of two when in its unstable ionic form. The attraction of a
neutral atom for electrons is known as its ELECTRON AFFINITY. The nonmetals have high
electron affinities and the metals have very low electron affinities. Thus, mainly the nonmetals
tend to form negative ions during chemical combination. When a positive ion and a negative ion
are brought close together, strong electr.
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile pha.pdf
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile phase will make mobility poor due to
poor interactions
Solution
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile phase will make mobility poor due to
poor interactions.
KCl NH3 Ar note KCl is ionic solid, has a v.pdf
KCl > NH3 > Ar note: KCl is ionic solid, has a very high melting point. NH3 is
molecular solid. But it involves hydrogen bonds and thus has a relatively higher mp than
nonploar molecular solid Ar(s) that only has very weak London dispersion force.
Solution
KCl > NH3 > Ar note: KCl is ionic solid, has a very high melting point. NH3 is
molecular solid. But it involves hydrogen bonds and thus has a relatively higher mp than
nonploar molecular solid Ar(s) that only has very weak London dispersion force..
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation..pdf
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation.
Solution
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation..
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic ch.pdf
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic character
Solution
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic character.
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the perio.pdf
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the periodic table or periodic table of
the elements) is a tabular display of the 118 known chemical elements organized by selected
properties of their atomic structures. Elements are presented by increasing atomic number, the
number of protons in an atom\'s atomic nucleus. While rectangular in general outline, gaps are
included in the horizontal rows (known as periods) as needed to keep elements with similar
properties together in vertical columns (known as groups), e.g. alkali metals, alkali earths,
halogens, noble gases.
Periods
A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Although groups are the most common way of
classifying elements, there are some regions of the periodic table where the horizontal trends and
similarities in properties are more significant than vertical group trends. This can be true in the d-
block (or \"transition metals\"), and especially for the f-block, where the lanthanides and
actinides form two substantial horizontal series of elements.
Periodic trend for ionization energy. Each period begins at a minimum for the alkali metals, and
ends at a maximum for the noble gases.
Elements in the same period show trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity,
and electronegativity. Moving left to right across a period, atomic radius usually decreases. This
occurs because each successive element has an added proton and electron which causes the
electron to be drawn closer to the nucleus. This decrease in atomic radius also causes the
ionization energy to increase when moving from left to right across a period. The more tightly
bound an element is, the more energy is required to remove an electron. Electronegativity
increases in the same manner as ionization energy because of the pull exerted on the electrons by
the nucleus. Electron affinity also shows a slight trend across a period. Metals (left side of a
period) generally have a lower electron affinity than nonmetals (right side of a period) with the
exception of the noble gases.
Hope this explains your daughter.... :)
Solution
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the periodic table or periodic table of
the elements) is a tabular display of the 118 known chemical elements organized by selected
properties of their atomic structures. Elements are presented by increasing atomic number, the
number of protons in an atom\'s atomic nucleus. While rectangular in general outline, gaps are
included in the horizontal rows (known as periods) as needed to keep elements with similar
properties together in vertical columns (known as groups), e.g. alkali metals, alkali earths,
halogens, noble gases.
Periods
A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Although groups are the most common way of
classifying elements, there are some regions of the periodic table where the horizontal trends and
similarities in properties are more significant than vertical group trends. This can be t.
The answer is c, Polonium. An alpha particle contains two protons .pdf
The answer is c, Polonium.
An alpha particle contains two protons hence the original atom must have an atomic number 2
greater than Pb (lead). Looking at the periodic table we can see that that element is Po.
Solution
The answer is c, Polonium.
An alpha particle contains two protons hence the original atom must have an atomic number 2
greater than Pb (lead). Looking at the periodic table we can see that that element is Po..
Solutionclass IntNode { int data; public IntNode next,head;.pdf
Solution
:
class IntNode
{
int data;
public IntNode next,head;
public IntNode(int value)
{
data=value;
next=null;
}
public void setNext(IntNode n)
{
next=n;
}
public int getData()
{
return data;
}
public IntNode getNext()
{
return(next);
}
}
public class CircularLinkedList
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//test your code here
}
//private variables:
private IntNode head;
private IntNode tail;
//constructor
public CircularLinkedList(){
//empty linked list
head=null;
tail=null;
}
//add a node to the end of the list
public void add(int value){
//create new Node
IntNode newNode=new IntNode(value);
//if list is empty
if (isEmpty()){
//set new node as head
head=newNode;
//set next link to the head
newNode.setNext(head);
//set tail as the head
tail=head;
}else{
//set next link of the tail to the new node
tail.setNext(newNode);
//set next link of the new node to the head
newNode.setNext(head);
//update tail - new node is the new list tail
tail=newNode;
}
}
//check if linked list is empty
public boolean isEmpty(){
if (head ==null)
return true;
else return false;
}
//print the values in the linked list
public void print(){
//if list is empty
if(isEmpty()){
System.out.println(\"empty\ \");
return;
}
//if list has one node
if (head.getNext() == head)
{
System.out.println(head.getData());
return;
}
//start from the head node
IntNode currentNode=head;
while(currentNode.getNext() != head){
//print the value of the current node
System.out.print(currentNode.getData() +\"\\t\");
//go to the next node
currentNode=currentNode.getNext();
}
System.out.print(currentNode.getData());
System.out.println();
}
public IntNode delete()
{
if(head.next == null)
tail = null;
IntNode temp = head;
head = head.next;
return temp;
} // end delete
}.
Medical importance of bacteriaEcological importance of bacteria.pdf
Medical importance of bacteria:
Ecological importance of bacteria:
Solution
Medical importance of bacteria:
Ecological importance of bacteria:.
More Related Content
Similar to (41)B. Mitochondria - cellular respiration(42)B. adhesive junc.pdf
Transport of substances across Cell membrane
Physiology 1st yr MBBS presentation based on Guytons Physiology book
Describe the roll of each of the following in membrane transport a.pdf
Describe the roll of each of the following in membrane transport
a.)facilities diffusion
b.)osmosis
c.)active transport
d.)endocytosis
e.)exocytosis
Solution
a)
Facilitated diffusion is the process of spontaneous passive passage of molecules or ions across a
cell\'s membrane passing through specific transmembrane integral proteins. Its role:
b) Osmosis is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of
lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.In other word it is the
diffusion of water down the water potential gradient. It’s role:
c) active transport:
d) and e) Exocytosis and endocytosis:Endocytosis and exocytosis are both forms of bulk
transport that move materials into and out of cells, respectively, via vesicles. not by membrane
transport..
Similar to (41)B. Mitochondria - cellular respiration(42)B. adhesive junc.pdf (8)
Describe the roll of each of the following in membrane transport a.pdf
Describe the roll of each of the following in membrane transport a.pdf
More from rakeshankur
1]Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a netw.pdf
1]
Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a network of organs, cells, and molecules
that defend the body from invaders of all kinds, including cold viruses such as rhinovirus and
susceptibility luck of resistance to a diseases
2]
Nonspecific resistance is defenses against any pathogen.
First line of defense involves physical barriers such as skin and mucus membrane and a first line
of defense against intruders such as pathogens
Mechanical factor
Epidermis consists of tightly packed cells with keratin, a protective protein waterproof
Saliva washes microbes off teeth and gums
Lacrimal apparatus washes eye, removes microbes
Mucus traps microbes moved up and out by ciliary escalator
Chemical factors
Fungistatic fatty acid in sebum
Sweat washes off skin contains lysozyme
Lysozyme in perspiration, tears, saliva and tissue fluids
Transferrins in blood bind iron removing this nutrient
Nitrous oxide inhibits ATP production of microbes
3]
Define phagocytosis and include the stages of adherence and ingestion
Phagocytosis is a process of ingestion and digestion by cells, bacteria, bits of necrotic tissue,
foreign particles.
Solution
1]
Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a network of organs, cells, and molecules
that defend the body from invaders of all kinds, including cold viruses such as rhinovirus and
susceptibility luck of resistance to a diseases
2]
Nonspecific resistance is defenses against any pathogen.
First line of defense involves physical barriers such as skin and mucus membrane and a first line
of defense against intruders such as pathogens
Mechanical factor
Epidermis consists of tightly packed cells with keratin, a protective protein waterproof
Saliva washes microbes off teeth and gums
Lacrimal apparatus washes eye, removes microbes
Mucus traps microbes moved up and out by ciliary escalator
Chemical factors
Fungistatic fatty acid in sebum
Sweat washes off skin contains lysozyme
Lysozyme in perspiration, tears, saliva and tissue fluids
Transferrins in blood bind iron removing this nutrient
Nitrous oxide inhibits ATP production of microbes
3]
Define phagocytosis and include the stages of adherence and ingestion
Phagocytosis is a process of ingestion and digestion by cells, bacteria, bits of necrotic tissue,
foreign particles..
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe.pdf
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe what is the type of Crow
class.Crow is a type of Bird.As is having the features of the Bird we have to make the Crow class
as a subclass to Bird class.
2.Actually we kept the bodyTemperature variable in Reptile class.But we know every living
thing has a body temperature.So we have to use that variable in the super class or parent class of
all the classes.
So we have to put that bodyTemperature varuable in the animal class(This is the super class of
all te classes here).So that all animals will have bodytemperature.Means the subclasses of the
Animal class like Reptile class and Bird class will have body temperature.
If we use bodyTemperature in Reptile class.We can use it only in the Reptile class and its
subclasses.We can use it the Bird Class and its sub classes.
3)If we want to make an Ostrich class as a subclass to Bird class,and also if we want to disable
the fly() method of Bird class in Ostrich class we have to override the fly() method in the Ostrich
class and we dont have to provide any implementation for that overridden fly() method .So that if
we call the fly() method in Ostrich it will not do anything or we can write
UnsupportedOperationException.
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
}
}
_______________( OR )___________________
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
_________________________________________
Solution
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe what is the type of Crow
class.Crow is a type of Bird.As is having the features of the Bird we have to make the Crow class
as a subclass to Bird class.
2.Actually we kept the bodyTemperature variable in Reptile class.But we know every living
thing has a body temperature.So we have to use that variable in the super class or parent class of
all the classes.
So we have to put that bodyTemperature varuable in the animal class(This is the super class of
all te classes here).So that all animals will have bodytemperature.Means the subclasses of the
Animal class like Reptile class and Bird class will have body temperature.
If we use bodyTemperature in Reptile class.We can use it only in the Reptile class and its
subclasses.We can use it the Bird Class and its sub classes.
3)If we want to make an Ostrich class as a subclass to Bird class,and also if we want to disable
the fly() method of Bird class in Ostrich class we have to override the fly() method in the Ostrich
class and we dont have to provide any implementation for that overridden fly() method .So that if
we call the fly() method in Ostrich it will not do anything or we can write
UnsupportedOperationException.
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
}
}
_______________( OR )___________________
class Ostrich extends Bird
{
@Override
fly()
{
UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
_________________________________________.
1. Assignment1.java public class Assignment1 { public sta.pdf
1.
//Assignment1.java
public class Assignment1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//integer variable
int intNumber=15;
//double variable
double doubleNumber=6;
//declare ratio of type double
double ratio;
//Divide the integer by integer yields an integer value
//even the intNumber=15 divided by 6, the result is 2
//since decimal value,0.5 is discarded from 2.5.
ratio=intNumber/6;
System.out.println(\"intNumber = \"+intNumber);
System.out.println(\"doubleNumber = \"+doubleNumber);
//print ratio value ,2 to console
System.out.println(\"ratio=intNumber/6 = \"+ratio);
//Re-assignment
//Divide the integer by double yields an double value
//2.5 is double value stored in a double variable, ratio
ratio=intNumber/doubleNumber;
//print ration to console
System.out.println(\"ratio=intNumber/doubleNumber=\"+ratio);
}
}//end of class Assignment1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
//Assignment2.java
public class Assignment2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//since the ascii values of a =97
//and b=98,a+b=195 is printed
System.out.println(\'a\'+\'b\');
//double quotation is string
//value and converts the characters
//to string
System.out.println(\" \"+\'a\'+\'b\');
//even double quotation is a string
//the paranthesis separates the character
// values from the string and sum the
//a+b=195 to console
System.out.println(\" \"+(\'a\'+\'b\'));
}
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
//Assignment3.java
public class Assignment3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//integer variable
int intNumber=15;
//double variable
double doubleNumber=6;
//since the string \"These are numbers: \" will not sum the values
//intNumber and doubleNumber so they print as individual values along with string
System.out.println(\"These are numbers: \" + intNumber + doubleNumber);
//here intNumber and doubleNumber are separatead by paranthesis
//so they become added up and print the result to console.
System.out.println(\"These are numbers: \" + (intNumber + doubleNumber));
}
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.
//Assignment4.java
public class Assignment4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//integer variable
int intNumber=15;
//double variable
double doubleNumber=6;
// in the paranthesis, the multiplucation got prioority over / and +
//intNumber*doubleNumber=90.0, then 5/90=0.05, .05 is dicarded
//25+0+1=26 will be printed
System.out.println(\"Formula1: \" + (25 +5/intNumber*doubleNumber + 1));
//Preference of parenthesis from right to left
//(doubleNumber+1)=6+1=7
//(25+5)=30
// The division operator gets percedence from left to right
// then * got precedence
//30/15*(6+1)=30/15*7=2*7=14
System.out.println(((25+5)/intNumber*(doubleNumber + 1)));
}
}
Solution
1.
//Assignment1.java
public class Assignment1 {
pub.
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter2.Thei.pdf
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter
2.Their names are not given. Stories takh mainly about Mrs. Sommers\' rather than her children..
Solution
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter
2.Their names are not given. Stories takh mainly about Mrs. Sommers\' rather than her children...
The electrons which are involved in bond formatio.pdf
The electrons which are involved in bond formation between atoms are found in the
outermost shell (sometimes in the next to the outer-most shell) of the neutral atom; these are
called VALENCE ELECTRONS. The atoms of elements which have only one or two electrons
in their outermost shells (active shells) may lose electrons when they combine with atoms of
other elements. An atom which has lost one or more valence electrons possesses a positive
charge, and is called a POSITIVE ION. The sodium atom loses its one valence electron and
acquires a +1 charge when it enters into chemical combination with an atom of an element such
as chlorine. The magnesium atom may lose its two valence electrons and assume a +2 charge.
Na Na+ + e- The Na symbol to the left of the arrow represents a stable sodium atom while the
Na+ symbol to the right of the arrow represents an unstable sodium ion which has had a single
electron removed. Mg Mg++ + 2e- The Mg symbol to the left of the arrow represents a stable
magnesium atom while the Mg++ symbol to the right of the arrow represents an unstable
magnesium ion which has had two electrons removed. The smaller the number of valence
electrons in the atom, the greater the tendency of the element to lose electrons and thus form
positive ions during chemical combination with atoms of other elements. The energy required to
remove an electron from a neutral atom to form a positive ion is called the IONIZATION
POTENTIAL of the atom. Some metals have small ionization potentials and readily form
positive ions. The nonmetals, which have more electrons in their outer shells than the metals,
have large ionization potentials and show little tendency toward the formation of positive ions.
Atoms which lack one or two electrons of having an outermost shell of eight electrons readily
gain sufficient electrons from certain other atoms, such as sodium and magnesium, to make a full
compliment of eight electrons in the outside shell. Neutral atoms become NEGATIVE IONS by
gaining electrons. The nonmetals, such as Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I),
Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) and Sulfur (S), readily form negative ions. Cl + e- Cl- Chlorine,
when in its stable form, possesses seven valence electrons and therefore has the ability to gain
one electron (as represented to the left of the arrow) giving it a negative charge of one when in
its unstable ionic form (as represented to the right of the arrow above). S + 2e- S-2 Sulfur, when
in its stable form, possesses six valence electrons and therefore has the ability to gain two
electrons giving it a negative charge of two when in its unstable ionic form. The attraction of a
neutral atom for electrons is known as its ELECTRON AFFINITY. The nonmetals have high
electron affinities and the metals have very low electron affinities. Thus, mainly the nonmetals
tend to form negative ions during chemical combination. When a positive ion and a negative ion
are brought close together, strong electr.
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile pha.pdf
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile phase will make mobility poor due to
poor interactions
Solution
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile phase will make mobility poor due to
poor interactions.
KCl NH3 Ar note KCl is ionic solid, has a v.pdf
KCl > NH3 > Ar note: KCl is ionic solid, has a very high melting point. NH3 is
molecular solid. But it involves hydrogen bonds and thus has a relatively higher mp than
nonploar molecular solid Ar(s) that only has very weak London dispersion force.
Solution
KCl > NH3 > Ar note: KCl is ionic solid, has a very high melting point. NH3 is
molecular solid. But it involves hydrogen bonds and thus has a relatively higher mp than
nonploar molecular solid Ar(s) that only has very weak London dispersion force..
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation..pdf
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation.
Solution
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation..
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic ch.pdf
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic character
Solution
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic character.
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the perio.pdf
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the periodic table or periodic table of
the elements) is a tabular display of the 118 known chemical elements organized by selected
properties of their atomic structures. Elements are presented by increasing atomic number, the
number of protons in an atom\'s atomic nucleus. While rectangular in general outline, gaps are
included in the horizontal rows (known as periods) as needed to keep elements with similar
properties together in vertical columns (known as groups), e.g. alkali metals, alkali earths,
halogens, noble gases.
Periods
A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Although groups are the most common way of
classifying elements, there are some regions of the periodic table where the horizontal trends and
similarities in properties are more significant than vertical group trends. This can be true in the d-
block (or \"transition metals\"), and especially for the f-block, where the lanthanides and
actinides form two substantial horizontal series of elements.
Periodic trend for ionization energy. Each period begins at a minimum for the alkali metals, and
ends at a maximum for the noble gases.
Elements in the same period show trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity,
and electronegativity. Moving left to right across a period, atomic radius usually decreases. This
occurs because each successive element has an added proton and electron which causes the
electron to be drawn closer to the nucleus. This decrease in atomic radius also causes the
ionization energy to increase when moving from left to right across a period. The more tightly
bound an element is, the more energy is required to remove an electron. Electronegativity
increases in the same manner as ionization energy because of the pull exerted on the electrons by
the nucleus. Electron affinity also shows a slight trend across a period. Metals (left side of a
period) generally have a lower electron affinity than nonmetals (right side of a period) with the
exception of the noble gases.
Hope this explains your daughter.... :)
Solution
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the periodic table or periodic table of
the elements) is a tabular display of the 118 known chemical elements organized by selected
properties of their atomic structures. Elements are presented by increasing atomic number, the
number of protons in an atom\'s atomic nucleus. While rectangular in general outline, gaps are
included in the horizontal rows (known as periods) as needed to keep elements with similar
properties together in vertical columns (known as groups), e.g. alkali metals, alkali earths,
halogens, noble gases.
Periods
A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Although groups are the most common way of
classifying elements, there are some regions of the periodic table where the horizontal trends and
similarities in properties are more significant than vertical group trends. This can be t.
The answer is c, Polonium. An alpha particle contains two protons .pdf
The answer is c, Polonium.
An alpha particle contains two protons hence the original atom must have an atomic number 2
greater than Pb (lead). Looking at the periodic table we can see that that element is Po.
Solution
The answer is c, Polonium.
An alpha particle contains two protons hence the original atom must have an atomic number 2
greater than Pb (lead). Looking at the periodic table we can see that that element is Po..
Solutionclass IntNode { int data; public IntNode next,head;.pdf
Solution
:
class IntNode
{
int data;
public IntNode next,head;
public IntNode(int value)
{
data=value;
next=null;
}
public void setNext(IntNode n)
{
next=n;
}
public int getData()
{
return data;
}
public IntNode getNext()
{
return(next);
}
}
public class CircularLinkedList
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//test your code here
}
//private variables:
private IntNode head;
private IntNode tail;
//constructor
public CircularLinkedList(){
//empty linked list
head=null;
tail=null;
}
//add a node to the end of the list
public void add(int value){
//create new Node
IntNode newNode=new IntNode(value);
//if list is empty
if (isEmpty()){
//set new node as head
head=newNode;
//set next link to the head
newNode.setNext(head);
//set tail as the head
tail=head;
}else{
//set next link of the tail to the new node
tail.setNext(newNode);
//set next link of the new node to the head
newNode.setNext(head);
//update tail - new node is the new list tail
tail=newNode;
}
}
//check if linked list is empty
public boolean isEmpty(){
if (head ==null)
return true;
else return false;
}
//print the values in the linked list
public void print(){
//if list is empty
if(isEmpty()){
System.out.println(\"empty\ \");
return;
}
//if list has one node
if (head.getNext() == head)
{
System.out.println(head.getData());
return;
}
//start from the head node
IntNode currentNode=head;
while(currentNode.getNext() != head){
//print the value of the current node
System.out.print(currentNode.getData() +\"\\t\");
//go to the next node
currentNode=currentNode.getNext();
}
System.out.print(currentNode.getData());
System.out.println();
}
public IntNode delete()
{
if(head.next == null)
tail = null;
IntNode temp = head;
head = head.next;
return temp;
} // end delete
}.
Medical importance of bacteriaEcological importance of bacteria.pdf
Medical importance of bacteria:
Ecological importance of bacteria:
Solution
Medical importance of bacteria:
Ecological importance of bacteria:.
import turtleimport timeimport randomdef draw_rectangle(length.pdf
import turtle
import time
import random
def draw_rectangle(length, height):
turtle.up()
x = -150
y = 150
C = height*(7/13)
D = length*(2/5)
L = stripe_width = float(round(height/13,1))
## Draw rectangle first.
turtle.color(0,0,0)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.setpos(x,y)
turtle.down()
turtle.forward(length)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(height)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(length)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(height)
turtle.end_fill()
## Then draw the stripes.
x1 = -150
y1 = 150-L
for z in range(13):
if z%2 == 0:
r = s = t = 0
else:
r = s = t = 1
turtle.up()
turtle.speed(100)
turtle.setpos(x1,y1)
turtle.setheading(90)
turtle.down()
turtle.color(r,s,t)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.forward(L)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(length)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(L)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(length)
turtle.end_fill()
y1 -= L
## Finally draw the stars rectangle overlapping the stripes, next is stars.
x2 = -150+D
y2 = 150.5-C
turtle.up()
turtle.setpos(x2,y2)
turtle.down()
turtle.color(0,0,0)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.forward(D)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(C)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(D)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(C)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.up()
turtle.bye
draw_star(-length, height)
def draw_star(l, h):
for z in range(50):
if z < 7:
row = 140
draw_starrows(row)
if z < 14:
row = row - 20
draw_starrows(row)
if z < 21:
row = row - 20
draw_starrows(row)
if z < 28:
row = row - 20
draw_starrows(row)
if z < 35:
row = row - 20
draw_starrows(row)
## This gets the turtle pen out of the way at the very end.
turtle.up()
turtle.setpos(-180,100)
break
def draw_starrows(row):
x = -160
y = 150
for z in range(10):
x += 15
turtle.up()
turtle.color(1,1,1)
turtle.speed(100)
turtle.setpos(x,row)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.down()
turtle.forward(6.154)
turtle.left(144)
turtle.forward(6.154)
turtle.left(144)
turtle.forward(6.154)
turtle.left(144)
turtle.forward(6.154)
turtle.left(144)
turtle.forward(6.154)
turtle.left(144)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.bye
##def get_color():
## r = g = b = 0
## color = r = g = b
## return color
def draw_flag():
A = 200
height = int(A)
## length = height*1.9
## C = height*(7/13)
## D = length*(2/5)
## E = F = union_height/10
## G = H = union_length/12
## stripe_width = height/13
## diameter_star = stripe_width*(4/5)
draw_rectangle(height*1.9, height)
draw_flag()
Here is the get_color solution:
def get_color(color2):
## If color2 equals 1, then make the color white.
if color2 == 1:
r = g = b = 1
return (r, g, b)
## If color2 equals 0, then make the color red.
if color2 == 0:
r = 1
g = 0
b = 0
return (r, g, b)
## If color2 equals 2, then make the color black.
if color2 == 2:
r = 0
g = 0
b = 1
return (r, g, b)
Solution
import turtle
import time
import random
def draw_rectangle(length, height):
turtle.up()
x = -150
y = 150
C = height*(7/13)
D = length*(2/5)
L = stripe_width = float(round(height/13,1))
## Draw rectangle first.
turtle.color(0,0,0)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.setpos(x,y)
turtle.down()
turtle.forward(length)
t.
Effects of NaCl Concentration on Red Blood Cell Volume A red blo.pdf
Effects of NaCl Concentration on Red Blood Cell Volume
A red blood cell (rbc) will attempt to regulate its volume when placed in a solution of
impermeable substances dissolved in water (Randall, 1997). A solution is considered to be
isosmotic when it has an osmolality equal to that of normal plasma (Freedman, 1998). The
osmolarity is the osmotic pressure that a cell effectively has exerted upon it (Randall, 1997). The
osmotic pressure is the pressure that is created by osmosis between different solutions that are
separated by a semipermeable membrane (Randall, 1997). If a rbc is placed in an isotonic
solution, the cell will maintain its normal volume because no osmotic pressure is developed. A
hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the interior of the cell. Therefore, a
hypotonic solution will cause water to flow into the cell, as the concentration of solutes inside of
the cell is higher. If this water influx continues for a long period of time (with ineffective (or
absence of) volume regulation by the cell), the cell my lyse (burst) as the pressure builds up
inside to a magnitude greater than can be handled by the cellular membrane.
here are a number of ways in which red blood cells (and animal cells in general) cope with
changes in solute concentration on the outside of their membrane surfaces. There may be a
volume regulatory decrease (RVD) or increase (RVI) depending upon the concentration of the
solutes on the outside of the cellular membrane (Freedman, 1998). The response that is activated
by the swelling of the cells usually involves an increase in the K+/Cl- transporters (see figure 2)
in ducks, sheep, rabbits, and some other mammals (Freedman, 1998; Motais et al, 1997). The
swelling response may also trigger the formation of a channel (in which band 3 is involved) that
allows osmolytes such as taurine (and other small, organic, osmotically active solutes) to be
transported out of the cell (Freedman, 1998; Motais et al, 1997). The shrink activated response in
red blood cells involves the activation of Na+/K+/2 Cl- cotransporters (in general, and in the
case of the duck (Freedman, 1998)).
The molarity in plasma of NaCl is approximately 0.15M, therefore the concentration of 0.15M
NaCl treatment would be considered isosmotic to red blood cell plasma. The change in
concentration to 0.12 M NaCl would be a hypotonic condition, and the conditions of 0.21, 0.33,
0.157, and 1.05M NaCl would be hypertonic conditions.
Solution
Effects of NaCl Concentration on Red Blood Cell Volume
A red blood cell (rbc) will attempt to regulate its volume when placed in a solution of
impermeable substances dissolved in water (Randall, 1997). A solution is considered to be
isosmotic when it has an osmolality equal to that of normal plasma (Freedman, 1998). The
osmolarity is the osmotic pressure that a cell effectively has exerted upon it (Randall, 1997). The
osmotic pressure is the pressure that is created by osmosis between different soluti.
Answer-Possible types of audit for this project1. Financial au.pdf
Answer:-
Possible types of audit for this project:
1. Financial audit - It shows acccuracy, fairness and where the financial portion used and how
much. As in this it show all the financial records which shows relaibility of data.
2. Operational audit - it is future oriented and independent evalution of organisational activites,
in this internal activites and effeciency and control is evaluated.
3. Investigavtive audit - In this audit evaluted on the suspicious matters which may be include
with individual or departement, all the members confidentially repord to director about this
suspcious matter.
Steps in Audit process:-
1. scheduling the conference to audit objective, timing, purpose, format and work distribution.
2. Assesing the relability of documents and internal effeciency and system.
3. Testing internal control for ensuring proper operations.
4. Disscusing all the thing with management all observation
5. draft a report according to responses of the queries.
6. Following critical issue which raised in audit report, that this is resolved or not.
Solution
Answer:-
Possible types of audit for this project:
1. Financial audit - It shows acccuracy, fairness and where the financial portion used and how
much. As in this it show all the financial records which shows relaibility of data.
2. Operational audit - it is future oriented and independent evalution of organisational activites,
in this internal activites and effeciency and control is evaluated.
3. Investigavtive audit - In this audit evaluted on the suspicious matters which may be include
with individual or departement, all the members confidentially repord to director about this
suspcious matter.
Steps in Audit process:-
1. scheduling the conference to audit objective, timing, purpose, format and work distribution.
2. Assesing the relability of documents and internal effeciency and system.
3. Testing internal control for ensuring proper operations.
4. Disscusing all the thing with management all observation
5. draft a report according to responses of the queries.
6. Following critical issue which raised in audit report, that this is resolved or not..
More from rakeshankur (20)
1]Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a netw.pdf
1]Resistance is a ability to ward off diseases, It involves a netw.pdf
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe.pdf
1.If we want to add a new Crow class,first of all we have to observe.pdf
1. Assignment1.java public class Assignment1 { public sta.pdf
1. Assignment1.java public class Assignment1 { public sta.pdf
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter2.Thei.pdf
1. Sherwood Anderson known for his bestseller Dark Laughter2.Thei.pdf
The electrons which are involved in bond formatio.pdf
The electrons which are involved in bond formatio.pdf
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile pha.pdf
Methylene blue is polar so a non polar mobile pha.pdf
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation..pdf
Parameters, like population mean and population stadard deviation..pdf
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic ch.pdf
b.glucose, HOCl, NaCl, MgCl2 increase in ionic ch.pdf
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the perio.pdf
The periodic table of the chemical elements (also known as the perio.pdf
The answer is c, Polonium. An alpha particle contains two protons .pdf
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This Presentation in details discusses on Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
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Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
● Is there any immediate impact to upgrading to Mule Runtime 4.6 and beyond?
● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Shyam Raj Prasad-
https://www.linkedin.com/in/shyam-raj-prasad/
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Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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