This document contains information about various topics including: 1. Photosynthesis rates and the effects of varying CO2 levels on different plants. 2. The effects of salt and glucose on plant growth. 3. Principles of genetics including Mendelian inheritance and probability. 4. Calculations related to net primary productivity and energy flow in ecosystems.

1. 2553
1
9 2552 8.30 –11.00 .
...……………...................... ......…………………..................
.........….…..……..…........ ...................………...................
...............……………………………………........................
1. 10 9
2.
3.

2. - 1 2
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
1 (6 )
CO2 ( ) (
) A, B C
1.1 CO2 compensation point ……………………. ( )
1.2 CO2 saturation point …………………………. ( )
1.3 C CO2 100 ppm C CO2 10 µmol m-2
s-1
C CO2 ............................... µmol m-2
s-1
1.4 50 µmol photon m-2
s-1
CO2
5 µmol m-2
s-1
CO2
......................................................... µmol m-2
s-1
1.5 A photorespiration ..................................................... µmol CO2 m-2
s-1
1.6 CO2 320 ppm C photorespiration
30 µmol CO2 m-2
s-1
CO2 640 µmol CO2 m-2
s-1
C
photorespiration .............................................................. µmol CO2 m-2
s-1
2. (4 ) A B A B
A B
NaCl 100 mMGlucose 100 mM
A B
2.1 A B
B A A B B A
(2 )
........................... ...............................................................
2.2 2.1 (2 )
......................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................

3. - 1 3
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
3. (10 ) 2
AaBb x AaBb 9 5
aabb 2 .
1 2 . AABB 4
(4 x 2) + 2 = 10 . 1/16
1
Aa x Aa
1/4 AA 2/4 Aa 1/4 aa
2 1 0
( .) 6 4 2
1/4 2/4 1/4
2
AaBb x AaBb
1/16 AABB 2/16 AABb 1/16 AAbb 2/16 Aabb 1/16aabb
2/16 AaBB 1/16 aaBB 2/16 aaBb
4/16 AaBb
4 3 2 1 0
( .) 10 8 6 4 2
1/16 4/16 6/16 4/16 1/16
3
AaBbCc x AaBbCc 3.1-3.3
3.1 AaBbCc x AaBbCc ......................
......................................................................................................... (3 )
3.2 3 . ..........................................(1 )
3.3 10 . ( ) ......................... (2 )
n
n 2 3.4-3.5
3.4 ...................................................(2 )
3.5 ................. . .............................
(2 )

4. - 1 4
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
4. (10 )
16000 kcal/ / (NPP) 60%
4.1 10% 1
X 3 (5 )
X 128,000 kcal/
4.2 1 (3 )
= 1000 kcal
4.3 X Y
X Y
(x100 )
) Y ............................................................... ( )
) 2 .................................................... (3 )
( )
( )
10
X
80
X
40
5
YY

5. - 1 5
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
5. (5 ) 5 (A –E)
(posterior)(anterior)
5.1. ..............................
5.2. .........................................................................................................................
5.3 5.5
5.3. 5.2
. - 1 . 4
. 2 3 . 3
. 1
5.4.
. 1 2 3
. 2 3 4
. 3 4
. 1 3 4
. 2 4
5.5. 4
. 1 . 1
. 2 . 3
. 4
5.3 ........................... 5.4 ........................... 5.5 ...........................
6. (5 ) 5 (A –E)
6.1 ………………………………………...
6.2 2 ………………………………………………………………………..
6.3 ...........................................
6.4 3 4 ........................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. - 1 6
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
7. (12 )
1
1
(o
C) ( mol/g)
12 23 120
0 9 780
-15 -4 2800
-2 12 1600
4 20 650
T = Kf m
T = (o
C)
Kf = o
C.mol-1
kg-1
m = mol/kg
) -20 o
C
50% Kf = 1.86 o
C.mol-1
kg-1
MW = 92
)

7. - 1 7
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
)
( ) (
MW = 180)
8. (8 ) (Pt)
Pt
Pt 3
(1) (sphere) r
(2) (cubic) 2r
(3) (cylinder) r 2r ( )
Pt Pt
r
2r
2r
2r r
2r

8. - 1 8
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
9. (11 ) 4 cm 25 cm
HCl 6.0 M 100 mL 45o
C NaHCO3 42 g
h1 cm
h2 cm
H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23, Cl = 35.5 =
= 1 g/cm3
)
) pH
)

9. - 1 9
.................................................................. .............................. ....................
10. (9 )
transesterification (X)
( Y) (Z)
) ( )
OCH
CH2
CH2 O C
O
O
O
C
C
O
R
R
R
++
NaOH
Triglyceride X Y Z
) )
) )
)
) )
R1 C
O
OR2 H2O R1 C
O
OH R2 OH+ +
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