The document is a compilation of medical definitions and explanations related to obstetrics and gynecology for nursing students, covering terms, procedures, and principles of childbirth from previous exams spanning 2011-2020. It includes fill-in-the-blank exercises, true/false statements, and clarifications on terminologies related to pregnancy and childbirth. The content aims to provide essential knowledge in midwifery, maternal care, and relevant medical procedures.

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KARANATAKA STATE DIPLOMA IN NURSING EXAMINATION BOARD
GNM ANNUAL AND SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION
3RD YEAR, OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY NURSING
Previous Questions Paper Solved , Years of 2011-2020
Give the meaning of the following: 1x4=4
1. Midwife ***
Ans:- A person who has been trained to help women give birth to babies.
2. Quickening
Answer:- Quickening is when a pregnant person starts to feel their baby's movement in their
uterus (womb).
3. Dystocia **
Answer:- It is a slow or difficult labor or delivery .
4. Crowning
Answer:- Crowning is the moment your baby's head or presenting part is making its way through
the vaginal opening.
5. Zygote
Answer:- Fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female eg or ovum with a male sperm
(gamete).
6. Lie ***
Answer:- The angle of the fetus in relation to the mother and the uterus.
7. Vasa Previa
Answer :- Vasa previa is a complication that can occur during pregnancy.
8. Precipitate labour
Answer:- Precipitous labor is when a baby is born within three hours of regular contractions
starting..
9. Bregma
Answer:- The point of junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull.
10.Leukorrhoea
Answer :- Leucorrhoea is defined as excessive normal vaginal discharge.

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11.False Pelvis
Answer :- The upper broader portion of the pelvic cavity that contains and provides support of
lower abdominal organs (such as portions of the small and large intestine).
12.Anterior fontanelle
Answer :- The anterior or frontal fontanelle is the diamond-shaped soft membranous gap at the
junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures.
13.Colostrum **
Answer:- Colostrum is the first form of breastmilk that is released by the mammary glands after
giving birth.
14.Lochia
Answer :- Lochia is vaginal discharge after childbirth.
15.Polarity
Answer:- Polarity is a relationship between two opposite characteristics or tendencies.
16.Oral Thrush
Answer :- Oral thrush is a common fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat.
17.Amnion
Answer :- A thin membrane that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy.
18.Pica
Answer:- Pica is an eating disorder in which a Person eats things not usually considered food.
19.Amniocentesis
Answer:- This is a procedure used to take out a small sample of the amniotic fluid for testing.
20.Lactation
Answer:- Lactation is the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
21.Eutocia
Answer:- A normal child birth process.
22.Gravida
Answer :- The number of the pregnancy that a woman is in.
23.Hysterectomy
Answer:- Hysterectomy is surgery to remove the uterus.
24.Parturition
Answer:- The action or process of giving birth to offspring. (প্রসব – childbirth)

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25.Chorion
Answer:- The chorion is the membrane that surrounds an embryo in fetal development.
26.Embryo
Answer:- An embryo is an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development.
27.Decidua **
Answer:- It is the functional layer of endometrium during pregnancy which shed off at the time of
parturition.
28.Attitude**
Answer:- The fetal attitude describes the position of the parts of your baby’s body.
29.Presentation**
Answer:- The term presentation describes the leading part of the fetus or the anatomical structure
closest to the maternal pelvic inlet during labor.
30.Cephalic Presentation
Answer:- when fetal head occupies the lower segment of uterus, it is called cephalic presentation.
31.Morning sickness
Answer:- Morning sickness is a common name for the nausea and vomiting caused by pregnancy.
32.Nullipara**
Answer:- A woman (or female animal) that has never given birth.
33.Conception
Answer:- The beginning of pregnancy, marked by fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
34.Morula **
Answer:- A solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum and from which a blastula
is formed.
35.Twin
Answer:- One of two children or animals born at the same birth.
36.Lightening
Answer:- Lightning are pain caused by pressure and positioning during labor in prepare to delivery.
37.Vernix caseosa
Answer:- The vernix caseosa is a protective layer on your baby’s skin.
38.Perculum plug
Answer:- Operculum plug is that fills and seals the cervical canal during pregnancy.

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39.Milia
Answer:- Milia are tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin.
40.Partograph
Answer: - Partograph is a graphical record of the observations made of a women in labour.
41.Menarche
Answer:- Menarche is the first occurrence of menstruation.
42.Langue
Answer:- “Langue” (It is a French word) literally means “Language”.
43.Surrogate mother
Answer:- A gestational carrier is a woman who carries and delivers a child for another couple.
Or ( A surrogate mother is someone who became pregnant for another couple who want to have a
child.)
44.Quickening
Answer:- When a woman feels her baby move is called ‘quickening’
45.Bandl’s ring
Answer:- Bandl’s ring is the abnormal junction between the two segments of the uterus.
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Fill in the blanks: 1x3=3
1. The term used for abnormal labor - Dystocia
2. Anterior fontanel is otherwise known as - Frontal fontanelle
3. Craving for non-nutritional substance known as - Pica
4. The denominator in face presentation is - The mentum (chin).
5. Bimanual compression is used in – Uterus (or Obstetric emergencies)
6. Fetal macrosomia is when birth weight exceeds - More than 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4,000gm or 4kg)
7. Downy hair in the neonates is named as - Lanugo
8. Neuromuscular harmony between the upper and lower uterine segment is called - Polarity
(Bandl’s Ring)
9. A woman who has never given birth to a viable child is known as - Nulliparous or Nullipara
10.Anterior fontanel closes by - between 7 and 18 months.
11.Intermittent painless uterine contraction is called - Braxton Hicks
12.The process by which the reproductive organ return to the pregravid state is called - Uterus
involution .
13.Osiander’s - sign is made out by feeling increased pulsation in lateral vaginal fornices
14.Meconium - is the first stool of the baby.
15.The biparietal diameter measures about - approximately 9.5 centimeters
16.The process of formation of matured ovum in the ovary is - oogenesis .
17.The anterior fontanelle is otherwise known as - bregmatic fontanelle (or soft spot)
18.**The endometrium after implantation is known as - Decidua
19.The normal length of fallopian tube - 10–13 cm (4–5 in fertilisation ches)
20.The fusion of male and female gamete is termed as – Fertilisation
21.**The normal weight of placenta is – 500 gm
22.In Breech presentation the denominator is – The sacrum.
23.Sagittal - Suture lies between the two parietal bones.
24.**Linea nigra - is the dark line running form symphysis pubis to umbilicus during pregnancy
25.Lochia (vaginal discharge) - is the discharge from the uterus following childbirth
26.Polyhydramnios is the condition called excessive liquor amni

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27.Foramen ovale - is the opening of atrial septum in foetal circulation.
28.Apgar score - is the assessment of new-born wellbeing.
29.Cerviprim is used for - Labour in women
30.The first stool of the baby is called as - Meconium .
31.**First foetal movement felt by the mother is known as - Quickening
32.Cord attached at the edge of the placenta is called - Umbilical cord .
33.The NeuroMuscular harmony between upper & lower Pole of uterus throughout
Labour is - Polarity
34.Decidua - is the name given to endometrium during pregnancy.
35.**First milk secreted from mother is called - Colostrum
36.**Partogram - the graphic representation to assess the progress of labour.
37.A dark line running from symphysis pubis to umbilicus during pregnancy is called – Linea nigra.
38.Excessive liquor ammonia is called as - Ammonium Hydroxide .
39.The first foetal movement which is felt by the mother is known as – Quickening
40.*The normal length of new-born baby is - 45.7 to 56 cm (18 to 22 in.) [and for knowledge “The
average length of full-term babies at birth is 50 cm (20 in.)”]
41.The bony canal through which the foetus passes through during birth is pelvic canal .
42.The graphical record of cervical dilatation against duration of labour is - partogram or partograph.
43.The term placenta weighs about - 510 g, [Reported to be 510 g, with a diameter of 185 mm].
44.The name given to the lochia between 1-4 days is called - Lochia rubra (or cruenta)
45.Intermittent painless uterine contraction is called - Braxton Hicks contractions
46.Pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity is called as - Ectopic pregnancy .
47.**Craving for special food items during pregnancy is called as - Pica
48.Inability of the new-born to initiate the breach is - Asphyxia
49.Excessive vomiting in early pregnancy is known as - “Hyperemesis Gravidarum” (HG)
50.The normal length of umbilical cord is - Approximately 50-60cm (20-24 inches) .
51.The average duration of 3rd stage of labour in primigravida mother is Approximately 10-30
minutes
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State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE 1x4=4
1. Fertilization of ovum normally takes place in fundus of the uterus - FALSE
• Fertilization usually takes place in a fallopian tube
2. Menopause is the sign of pregnancy – FALSE
• Signs of Menopause :- Irregular periods, Hot flashes, Night sweats, Vaginal dryness, Mood
changes
• Signs of pregnancy:-- Missed periods, Nausea and vomiting, Fatigue, Breast tenderness,
Food cravings or aversions
3. Softening of cervix is called palmar’s sign – FALSE
• Goodell’s sign is a medical term used to describe the softening of the cervix during
pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester.
• Palmer’s sign, however, refers to the softening of the cervix before the onset of labor, but it
is not as commonly used as Goodell’s sign.
4. Saucer shaped depression just below or at the umbilicus is present in Occipito-posterior position
– TRUE
5. Oxytocin is used as uterine relaxant – FALSE
• Oxytocin is actually used as a uterine stimulant, not a relaxant.
6. Evisceration is a birth injury - TRUE
7. Colposcope is used for the visualization of cervix - TRUE
8. Relationship of spine to the foetal head is called as position - FALSE
• Attitude refers to the relationship of the spine to the fetal head.
• Position refers to the relationship of the presenting part to the mother’s pelvis.
9. Methergine is used to decrease the uterine contraction - FALSE
• Methergine (Methylergometrine) is actually used to increase uterine contractions,
not decrease them
10.Hydrops Fetalis is the most serious form of Rh haemolytic disease - TRUE
11.Oligohydramnios is a state where liquor amni exceeds more than 2000ml - FALSE
• Oligohydramnios: low amniotic fluid levels (<300-500 mL)
• Polyhydramnios: high amniotic fluid levels (>2000 mL)

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12.Episiotomy is surgically planned incision on the abdomen - FALSE
• Episiotomy: an incision on the perineum
• Cesarean section (C-section): an incision on the abdomen
13.Pre vaginal examination is contraindicated in placenta previa - TRUE
14.Craving towards unnatural food substances during pregnancy is known as polyhydramnios -FALSE
• Pica: Cravings for unnatural food substances.
• Polyhydramnios: Excessive amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
15.Less than 500ml of amniotic fluid in amniotic sac during pregnancy is known as polyhydramnios.
➢ FALSE.
• Oligohydramnios: less than 500ml of amniotic fluid (low amniotic fluid levels)
• Polyhydramnios: more than 2000ml of amniotic fluid (high amniotic fluid levels)
16.According to WHO Haemoglobin (Hb%) level less than 10gm/dl during pregnancy is regarded as
anaemia. – FALSE
• Less than 11gm/dl: anemia
• Less than 10gm/dl: moderate anemia
• Less than 7gm/dl: severe anemia
17.Implantation and development of fertilized ovum outside the normal uterine cavity is called as
Hydatidiform mole. - FALSE (Correct Answer :- Ectopic Pregnancy)
18.In breech presentation denominator is occiput . – FALSE
• Breech presentation: denominator is sacrum
• Cephalic presentation: denominator is occiput
19.Leg exercises and early ambulation are encouraged to prevent deep vein thrombosis in
puerperium. – TRUE
20.Tocolytic drugs are used to produce uterine contractions. – FALSE
• False: Tocolytic drugs are used to suppress or inhibit uterine contractions, not produce them.
21.Concealed menstruation is known as Cryptomenorrhea. - TRUE
22.Copper ‘T’ insertion is the permanent of sperm. – FALSE
• Copper 'T' insertion is a long-term, reversible contraceptive method, not a permanent
method of sterilization.
23.There are eight Cervical Vertebrae. – FALSE
• There are seven cervical vertebrae, not eight.

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24.Cervical incompetence is treated by Shirodkar’s procedure - TRUE
25.Craniotomy is a destructive operation. – FALSE
• Craniotomy is a surgical procedure aimed at treating brain conditions, not a destructive
operation.
26.Hydrocephalus is excessive collection of cerebrospinal fluid - TRUE
27.To prevent neural tube defect folic acid is given. – TRUE (Folic Acid, also known as Vitamin B9)
28.Normal foetal heart sound is 140-160 beat per minute. – TRUE .
29.Atonic uterus is one of the causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH). – TRUE
30.Absence of menstruation is known as menopause. – FALSE
• Absence of menstruation is known as amenorrhea, not menopause.
31.Salpingitis is the inflammation of the Fallopian tube. – TRUE
32.Oxytocin is the drug used for the suppression of lactation.76 - TRUE.
33.Full dilatation of the cervix is one of the prerequisites for forceps delivery. – TRUE .
34.Tocolytics are used in Hypotonic Uterine contractions. – FALSE
35.The umbilical cord consists of two arteries and one vein. – TRUE
36.The normal position of the uterus is retroverted and retroflexed - TRUE
• The normal position of the uterus is anteverted and anteflexed, not retroverted and
retroflexed.
37.The normal position of the uterus is retroverted and anteflexed. – FALSE
• The normal position of the uterus is anteverted and anteflexed, but retroverted and
anteflexed is also a common and normal variation.
38.Internal podalic version (IPV) is done under general anaesthesia. – TRUE .
39.The vault of foetal skull is made up of 7 bones. – TRUE .
• The vault of the fetal skull is made up of 4 bones, not 7.
40.Seminal fluid contains 50 million sperms per mL. – FALSE
• Seminal fluid typically contains around 20-50 million sperm per mL, not 50 million.
41.Implantation of placenta in the lower uterine segments is called abruption placenta - FALSE
Implantation of placenta in the lower uterine segment is actually called placenta previa.
42.Bani’s ring is seen near symphysis pubis - TRUE .
43.Labor which exceeds 10 hours is called prolonged laborj - FALSE
• Labor exceeding 18-24 hours is generally considered prolonged labor, not 10 hours.

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44.Destructive operations are done only when the fetus is dead. – TRUE
45.Pelvic inflammatory disease is a disease of the lower genital tract - FALSE.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease is a disease of the upper genital tract.
46.Twin-to-Twin transfusion syndrome is a complication of monozygotic twin. – TRUE
47.Inflammation of the ovaries is called oophoritis - TRUE.
48.Concealed menstruation is known as cryptomenorrhea. – TRUE .
49.Collection of pus in the uterine cavity is called pyometra - TRUE.
50.Syphilis is caused by human papillomavirus - FALSE .
• Syphilis is actually caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, not the human
papillomavirus (HPV).
51.Displacement of functional endometrium other than uterine mucosa is called endometriosis -
TRUE.
52.The android pelvis resembles the male pelvis - TRUE
53.In septic abortion, shock is due to neurogenic shock - FALSE.
• In septic abortion, shock is due to septic shock, not neurogenic shock.
54.Fetal macrosomia is when birth weight exceeds 3 kg - FALSE.
• Fetal macrosomia is typically defined as a birth weight of 4,500 grams (4.5 kg) or more, not
3 kg.
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