This document provides an overview of operators, control flows, and plotting in MATLAB. It discusses various types of operators in MATLAB including arithmetic, relational, logical, and special operators. It also covers conditional statements like if/elseif/else and switch/case statements for controlling program flow. Additionally, it describes loops in MATLAB including for and while loops as well as loop control statements like break and continue. Finally, it discusses various plotting functions in MATLAB for 2D and 3D plotting and provides examples of how to manipulate plots using command lines and the GUI.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including its uses, features, and basic programming concepts. MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and programming language that allows matrix manipulations, data visualization, algorithm development, and interfacing with other languages. It has a comprehensive set of built-in functions for mathematical and technical computing. The document discusses MATLAB's programming constructs like scripts, functions, operators, decision making statements, and loops. It also covers basic data types like vectors and matrices.
OCA Java SE 8 Exam Chapter 2 Operators & Statementsİbrahim Kürce
Operators in Java include unary, binary, and ternary operators that perform operations on operands. Binary operators like arithmetic, relational, and logical operators follow an order of precedence unless overridden by parentheses. Statements in Java include if-then, if-then-else, switch, while, do-while, for, and more to control program flow. The if-then statement and if-then-else statement evaluate conditions and execute code blocks conditionally. The switch statement compares a value to multiple case labels and executes the corresponding code block.
This document discusses programming concepts in MATLAB including conditional statements, loops, and logical operators. It provides examples of how to:
- Use if, elseif, and else conditional statements to execute different sections of code depending on conditions.
- Implement for loops to repeat a block of code a specified number of times.
- Employ logical operators like & (AND), | (OR), and ~ (NOT) to combine relational expressions and conditionally execute code.
- Compare values, arrays, and scalars using relational operators like <, >, ==, ~=, etc. and logical indexing.
The examples demonstrate how to control program flow and selectively run sections of MATLAB code.
Java defines several categories of operators: arithmetic, bitwise, relational, logical, and additional special operators. The increment and decrement operators ++ and -- increase or decrease a variable by 1. Relational operators determine the relationship between two operands and return a boolean. Control statements like if-else and switch allow a program to select or loop execution paths. Parentheses can be used to alter operator precedence or clarify complex expressions.
MATLAB stands for Matrix Laboratory. MATLAB was written originally
to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK (linear system package) and matlab 2012a manual pdf
The document discusses different types of loops in Python including while loops, for loops, and infinite loops. It provides examples of using while loops to iterate until a condition is met, using for loops to iterate over a set of elements when the number of iterations is known, and how to terminate loops early using break or skip iterations using continue. It also discusses using the range() function to generate a sequence of numbers to iterate over in for loops.
This document provides an introduction and overview of MATLAB. It discusses the MATLAB desktop interface including the command window, command history, workspace browser, and start menu. It then covers MATLAB fundamentals such as entering expressions and variables, basic math operations, and how to enter vectors and matrices. Key MATLAB commands and functions are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including its uses, features, and basic programming concepts. MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and programming language that allows matrix manipulations, data visualization, algorithm development, and interfacing with other languages. It has a comprehensive set of built-in functions for mathematical and technical computing. The document discusses MATLAB's programming constructs like scripts, functions, operators, decision making statements, and loops. It also covers basic data types like vectors and matrices.
OCA Java SE 8 Exam Chapter 2 Operators & Statementsİbrahim Kürce
Operators in Java include unary, binary, and ternary operators that perform operations on operands. Binary operators like arithmetic, relational, and logical operators follow an order of precedence unless overridden by parentheses. Statements in Java include if-then, if-then-else, switch, while, do-while, for, and more to control program flow. The if-then statement and if-then-else statement evaluate conditions and execute code blocks conditionally. The switch statement compares a value to multiple case labels and executes the corresponding code block.
This document discusses programming concepts in MATLAB including conditional statements, loops, and logical operators. It provides examples of how to:
- Use if, elseif, and else conditional statements to execute different sections of code depending on conditions.
- Implement for loops to repeat a block of code a specified number of times.
- Employ logical operators like & (AND), | (OR), and ~ (NOT) to combine relational expressions and conditionally execute code.
- Compare values, arrays, and scalars using relational operators like <, >, ==, ~=, etc. and logical indexing.
The examples demonstrate how to control program flow and selectively run sections of MATLAB code.
Java defines several categories of operators: arithmetic, bitwise, relational, logical, and additional special operators. The increment and decrement operators ++ and -- increase or decrease a variable by 1. Relational operators determine the relationship between two operands and return a boolean. Control statements like if-else and switch allow a program to select or loop execution paths. Parentheses can be used to alter operator precedence or clarify complex expressions.
MATLAB stands for Matrix Laboratory. MATLAB was written originally
to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK (linear system package) and matlab 2012a manual pdf
The document discusses different types of loops in Python including while loops, for loops, and infinite loops. It provides examples of using while loops to iterate until a condition is met, using for loops to iterate over a set of elements when the number of iterations is known, and how to terminate loops early using break or skip iterations using continue. It also discusses using the range() function to generate a sequence of numbers to iterate over in for loops.
This document provides an introduction and overview of MATLAB. It discusses the MATLAB desktop interface including the command window, command history, workspace browser, and start menu. It then covers MATLAB fundamentals such as entering expressions and variables, basic math operations, and how to enter vectors and matrices. Key MATLAB commands and functions are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports operations on matrices and vectors. Basic math, logical, and relational operators are covered.
- The document discusses plotting, flow control using if/else, switch/case and loops, writing M-files including functions, and saving and loading workspace and data files.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports vectors, scalars, and relational, logical, and math operators on matrices. Functions include trigonometric, exponential, logical, and matrix functions.
- Plots can be generated by passing vectors to plot, and annotated using commands like title, xlabel, ylabel, and legend. Flow control includes if/
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports operations on matrices and vectors. Basic math, logical, and relational operators are supported.
- Functions include trigonometric, exponential, logical, matrix creation and manipulation, and plotting functions. Flow control includes if/else statements and for/while loops.
- M-files can contain scripts of
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports operations on matrices and vectors. Basic math, logical, and relational operators are covered.
- The document discusses plotting, flow control using if/else, switch/case and loops, writing M-files including functions, and saving and loading workspace and data files.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports vectors, scalars, and relational, logical, and math operators on matrices. Functions include trigonometric, exponential, logical, and matrix functions.
- Plots can be generated by passing vectors to plot, and annotated using commands like title, xlabel, ylabel, and legend. Flow control includes if/
This chapter discusses:
1. Program flow control and statements like conditionals and loops that alter normal linear execution.
2. Conditional statements like if/else that allow choosing which statement executes based on a boolean condition.
3. Repetition statements like while and for loops that repeatedly execute a statement as long as/for as long as a condition is true.
This document discusses the relational model and relational database concepts. It covers domains and relations, relational keys like primary keys, candidate keys, foreign keys and their rules. It also discusses relational operators, relational algebra, relational calculus, and the SQL language. Key types like alternate keys, candidate keys, compound keys, primary keys, superkeys, and foreign keys are defined. Relational algebra operations like selection, projection, renaming, union, intersection, difference, cartesian product, and join are explained. Tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus are introduced. Examples of queries using relational algebra and calculus are provided. Components of SQL like DDL, DML, DCL are listed
This document discusses different concepts related to the relational model including domains and relations, relational data integrity, keys such as primary keys, candidate keys, foreign keys and their rules. It also discusses relational operators, relational algebra, relational calculus and SQL. Finally, it describes different types of relational algebra operations including unary operations like select, project and rename and binary operations like join, union, intersection, difference and cartesian product.
This document discusses the relational model and relational database concepts. It covers domains and relations, relational keys like primary keys, foreign keys, and candidate keys. It also discusses relational algebra operations like selection, projection, join, and set operations. Relational calculus is introduced. The SQL language components of DDL, DML, and DCL are mentioned for data definition, manipulation, and control. Key concepts like views, nested tables, and correlated subqueries are also summarized briefly.
This document provides an overview of while loops in MATLAB. It explains that while loops allow executing statements repeatedly as long as a condition is true. The syntax of a while loop in MATLAB is presented, including the keyword "while", a boolean expression, statements to execute, and the "end" keyword. An example prints the values of a variable as it increments from 20 to 30. Flow diagrams and further examples demonstrate how while loops repeat statements and terminate based on expression results. The conclusion encourages practicing examples to better understand how while loops work in MATLAB programming.
Operators and expressions are fundamental concepts in Python programming. The document discusses various types of operators used to manipulate operands, including arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, bitwise, and membership operators. It also covers expressions, which are combinations of operators and operands that evaluate to a value. Several types of expressions are described, such as constant, arithmetic, integral, floating, relational, logical, bitwise, and combinational expressions. Control flow statements like if, if-else, if-elif-else are also covered, along with looping using for and while loops and the break, continue, and pass statements.
This document provides an overview of relational algebra and calculus, database normalization, and queries. It defines common relational algebra operations like selection, projection, join, etc. It explains database normalization forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and their advantages. It also covers functional dependencies, integrity constraints, and different types of queries including subqueries and nested subqueries.
Operators are elements in C# that are applied to operands in expressions or statements. Unary operators take one operand, like increment (++), while binary operators take two operands, such as arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /). The conditional operator (?:) is the sole ternary operator, taking three operands. Some common operators are assignment (=), arithmetic, comparison, conditional (&&, ||), ternary (?:), and null coalescing (??). Operator precedence and associativity determine the order of evaluation in expressions with multiple operators. Parentheses can be used to override precedence.
Chapter 3 introduces several Java program statements:
- Conditional statements like if-else allow programs to make decisions based on boolean expressions.
- Loops like while and for allow code to repeat based on conditions.
- Logical operators like && and || combine boolean expressions.
- Proper program design is important, involving requirements, design, implementation, and testing stages.
Operators take operands and perform computations. Operands and operators form expressions, which are evaluated based on operator precedence and context. Expressions can result in values or side effects. Statements specify actions and are usually executed sequentially. Operator precedence determines the order of operations in expressions and can affect results if not explicitly grouped with parentheses. Precedence levels conform to mathematical order with parentheses having highest precedence.
Operators take operands and perform computations. Operands and operators form expressions, which are evaluated based on operator precedence and context. Expressions can result in values or side effects. Statements specify actions and are usually executed sequentially. Operator precedence determines the order of operations in expressions and can affect results if not explicitly grouped with parentheses. Precedence levels conform to mathematical order with parentheses having highest precedence.
The document provides an overview of the Mule Expression Language (MEL) including its syntax, context objects, operators, and data types. MEL allows accessing and manipulating message properties and attributes through expressions. The document outlines key features of MEL such as property expressions to access message context, operators for comparisons and logic, literals for values, and control structures. Context objects model the message and environment and provide properties like the server, Mule instance, application, and message payload and attributes.
The document discusses different types of operators in programming languages like C and C++. It explains that operators take operands as inputs and produce outputs. Common operators covered include arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %), unary operators (+, -), increment/decrement operators (++, --), relational operators (<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=), logical operators (&&, ||, !), and others. Examples are provided to demonstrate the usage of each operator. The key purpose of operators is to perform computations on operands through expressions.
Operators in C++ perform operations on variables and constants. There are several types of operators including assignment, bitwise, shift, unary, conditional, comma, relational, logical, and mathematical operators. Assignment operators assign values, bitwise operators change bits, shift operators shift bits, and unary operators operate on a single operand. The conditional operator works like a ternary operator. The comma operator strings expressions together and the logical operators combine expressions. Relational operators establish relationships between operands and mathematical operators perform basic math operations.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports operations on matrices and vectors. Basic math, logical, and relational operators are covered.
- The document discusses plotting, flow control using if/else, switch/case and loops, writing M-files including functions, and saving and loading workspace and data files.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports vectors, scalars, and relational, logical, and math operators on matrices. Functions include trigonometric, exponential, logical, and matrix functions.
- Plots can be generated by passing vectors to plot, and annotated using commands like title, xlabel, ylabel, and legend. Flow control includes if/
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports operations on matrices and vectors. Basic math, logical, and relational operators are supported.
- Functions include trigonometric, exponential, logical, matrix creation and manipulation, and plotting functions. Flow control includes if/else statements and for/while loops.
- M-files can contain scripts of
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports operations on matrices and vectors. Basic math, logical, and relational operators are covered.
- The document discusses plotting, flow control using if/else, switch/case and loops, writing M-files including functions, and saving and loading workspace and data files.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB, including:
- MATLAB is a program for numerical computation originally designed for linear algebra problems using matrices. It has since expanded to other types of scientific computations and graphics.
- The main components of the MATLAB interface are the command window, workspace, history, and editor. Help is accessed using commands like help, doc, and demo.
- MATLAB treats all variables as matrices and supports vectors, scalars, and relational, logical, and math operators on matrices. Functions include trigonometric, exponential, logical, and matrix functions.
- Plots can be generated by passing vectors to plot, and annotated using commands like title, xlabel, ylabel, and legend. Flow control includes if/
This chapter discusses:
1. Program flow control and statements like conditionals and loops that alter normal linear execution.
2. Conditional statements like if/else that allow choosing which statement executes based on a boolean condition.
3. Repetition statements like while and for loops that repeatedly execute a statement as long as/for as long as a condition is true.
This document discusses the relational model and relational database concepts. It covers domains and relations, relational keys like primary keys, candidate keys, foreign keys and their rules. It also discusses relational operators, relational algebra, relational calculus, and the SQL language. Key types like alternate keys, candidate keys, compound keys, primary keys, superkeys, and foreign keys are defined. Relational algebra operations like selection, projection, renaming, union, intersection, difference, cartesian product, and join are explained. Tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus are introduced. Examples of queries using relational algebra and calculus are provided. Components of SQL like DDL, DML, DCL are listed
This document discusses different concepts related to the relational model including domains and relations, relational data integrity, keys such as primary keys, candidate keys, foreign keys and their rules. It also discusses relational operators, relational algebra, relational calculus and SQL. Finally, it describes different types of relational algebra operations including unary operations like select, project and rename and binary operations like join, union, intersection, difference and cartesian product.
This document discusses the relational model and relational database concepts. It covers domains and relations, relational keys like primary keys, foreign keys, and candidate keys. It also discusses relational algebra operations like selection, projection, join, and set operations. Relational calculus is introduced. The SQL language components of DDL, DML, and DCL are mentioned for data definition, manipulation, and control. Key concepts like views, nested tables, and correlated subqueries are also summarized briefly.
This document provides an overview of while loops in MATLAB. It explains that while loops allow executing statements repeatedly as long as a condition is true. The syntax of a while loop in MATLAB is presented, including the keyword "while", a boolean expression, statements to execute, and the "end" keyword. An example prints the values of a variable as it increments from 20 to 30. Flow diagrams and further examples demonstrate how while loops repeat statements and terminate based on expression results. The conclusion encourages practicing examples to better understand how while loops work in MATLAB programming.
Operators and expressions are fundamental concepts in Python programming. The document discusses various types of operators used to manipulate operands, including arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, bitwise, and membership operators. It also covers expressions, which are combinations of operators and operands that evaluate to a value. Several types of expressions are described, such as constant, arithmetic, integral, floating, relational, logical, bitwise, and combinational expressions. Control flow statements like if, if-else, if-elif-else are also covered, along with looping using for and while loops and the break, continue, and pass statements.
This document provides an overview of relational algebra and calculus, database normalization, and queries. It defines common relational algebra operations like selection, projection, join, etc. It explains database normalization forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and their advantages. It also covers functional dependencies, integrity constraints, and different types of queries including subqueries and nested subqueries.
Operators are elements in C# that are applied to operands in expressions or statements. Unary operators take one operand, like increment (++), while binary operators take two operands, such as arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /). The conditional operator (?:) is the sole ternary operator, taking three operands. Some common operators are assignment (=), arithmetic, comparison, conditional (&&, ||), ternary (?:), and null coalescing (??). Operator precedence and associativity determine the order of evaluation in expressions with multiple operators. Parentheses can be used to override precedence.
Chapter 3 introduces several Java program statements:
- Conditional statements like if-else allow programs to make decisions based on boolean expressions.
- Loops like while and for allow code to repeat based on conditions.
- Logical operators like && and || combine boolean expressions.
- Proper program design is important, involving requirements, design, implementation, and testing stages.
Operators take operands and perform computations. Operands and operators form expressions, which are evaluated based on operator precedence and context. Expressions can result in values or side effects. Statements specify actions and are usually executed sequentially. Operator precedence determines the order of operations in expressions and can affect results if not explicitly grouped with parentheses. Precedence levels conform to mathematical order with parentheses having highest precedence.
Operators take operands and perform computations. Operands and operators form expressions, which are evaluated based on operator precedence and context. Expressions can result in values or side effects. Statements specify actions and are usually executed sequentially. Operator precedence determines the order of operations in expressions and can affect results if not explicitly grouped with parentheses. Precedence levels conform to mathematical order with parentheses having highest precedence.
The document provides an overview of the Mule Expression Language (MEL) including its syntax, context objects, operators, and data types. MEL allows accessing and manipulating message properties and attributes through expressions. The document outlines key features of MEL such as property expressions to access message context, operators for comparisons and logic, literals for values, and control structures. Context objects model the message and environment and provide properties like the server, Mule instance, application, and message payload and attributes.
The document discusses different types of operators in programming languages like C and C++. It explains that operators take operands as inputs and produce outputs. Common operators covered include arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %), unary operators (+, -), increment/decrement operators (++, --), relational operators (<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=), logical operators (&&, ||, !), and others. Examples are provided to demonstrate the usage of each operator. The key purpose of operators is to perform computations on operands through expressions.
Operators in C++ perform operations on variables and constants. There are several types of operators including assignment, bitwise, shift, unary, conditional, comma, relational, logical, and mathematical operators. Assignment operators assign values, bitwise operators change bits, shift operators shift bits, and unary operators operate on a single operand. The conditional operator works like a ternary operator. The comma operator strings expressions together and the logical operators combine expressions. Relational operators establish relationships between operands and mathematical operators perform basic math operations.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
2. MATLAB Operators
An operator is a symbol that is employed to perform specific mathematical or
logical manipulations.
MATLAB is designed to operate primarily on whole matrices and arrays. Therefore,
operators in MATLAB work both on scalar and non-scalar data.
MATLAB allows the following types of elementary operations −
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
Special Operators
4. Relational Operators
A relational operator compares two numbers by determining whether a comparison
statement (e.g., 5 < 8) is true or false. If the statement is true, it is assigned a value
of 1. If the statement is false, it is assigned a value of 0.
Note that the "equal to" relational operator consists of two= signs (with no space
between them), since one = sign is the assignment operator. In other relational
operators that consist of two characters, there also is no space between the
characters(<=,>=,~=).
5. Relational Operators Cont…
Relational operators can be used in MATLAB commands (e.g., if) to control the
flow of a program.
When two numbers are compared, the result is 1 (logical true) if the comparison,
according to the relational operator, is true, and 0 (logical false) if the comparison is
false.
If two arrays are compared (only arrays of the same size can be compared), the
comparison is done element-by-element, and the result is a logical array of the same
size with 1s and 0s according to the outcome of the comparison at each address.
If a scalar is compared with an array, the scalar is compared with every element of
the array, and the result is a logical array with 1s and 0s according to the outcome of
the comparison of each element.
9. Relational Operators Cont…
The results of a relational operation with vectors, which are vectors with 0s and 1s,
are called logical vectors and can be used for addressing vectors. When a logical
vector is used for addressing another vector, it extracts from that vector the elements
in the positions where the logical vector has 1s.
10. Relational Operators Cont…
Numerical vectors and arrays with the numbers 0s and 1s are not the same as logical
vectors and arrays with 0s and 1 s. Numerical vectors and arrays can not be used for
addressing. Logical vectors and arrays, however, can be used in arithmetic
operations. The first time a logical vector or an array is used in arithmetic operations
it is changed to a numerical vector or array.
Order of precedence: In a mathematical expression that includes relational and
arithmetic operations, the arithmetic operations(+,-,*, I,) have precedence over
relational operations. The relational operators themselves have equal precedence and
are evaluated from left to right. Parentheses can be used to alter the order of
precedence.
11. Logical Operators
A logical operator examines true/false statements and produces a result that is true
(1) or false (0) according to the specific operator. For example, the logical AND
operator gives 1 only if both statements are true.
12. Logical Operators Cont…
Logical operators can have numbers as operands. A nonzero number is true, and a
zero number is false.
Logical operators (like relational operators) can be used as arithmetic operators
within a mathematical expression. The result can be used in other mathematical
operations, in addressing arrays, and together with other MATLAB commands (e.g. ,
if) to control the flow of a program.
Logical operators (like relational operators) can be used with scalars and arrays.
The logical operations AND and OR can have both operands as scalars, both as
arrays, or one as an array and one as a scalar.
If both are scalars, the result is a scalar 0 or 1.
13. Logical Operators Cont…
If both are arrays, they must be of the same size and the logical operation is done
element-by-element. The result is an array of the same size with 1s and 0s according
to the outcome of the operation at each position.
If one operand is a scalar and the other is an array, the logical operation is done
between the scalar and each of the elements in the array and the outcome is an array
of the same size with 1 s and 0s.
The logical operation NOT has one operand. When it is used with a scalar, the
outcome is a scalar 0 or 1. When it is used with an array, the outcome is an array of
the same size with 0s in positions where the array has nonzero numbers and 1s in
positions where the array has 0s.
16. Order of precedence
Arithmetic, relational, and logical operators can be combined in mathematical
expressions. When an expression has such a combination, the result depends on the
order in which the operations are carried out.
If two or more operations have the same precedence, the expression is executed in
order from left to right.
17.
18. Built-in logical functions
MATLAB has built-in functions that are equivalent to the logical operators. These
functions are:
19. Built-in logical functions cont.…
In addition, MATLAB has other logical built-in functions, some of which are
described in the following table:
21. Built-in logical functions cont.…
The operations of the four logical operators, and, or, xor, and not can be summarized
in a truth table:
22. Example for logical expression evaluation
In a logical expression, numerical operations are carried out first, then the relational
operations, and finally the logical operations.
23. CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
A conditional statement is a command that allows MATLAB to make a decision of
whether to execute a group of commands that follow the conditional statement, or to
skip these commands. In a conditional statement, a conditional expression is stated.
If the expression is true, a group of commands that follow the statement are
executed. If the expression is false, the computer skips the group. The basic form of
a conditional statement is
For every if statement there is an end statement.
The if statement is commonly used in three structures, if- end, if -else-end, and if -
elseif -else-end.
29. THE switch-case STATEMENT
The switch-case statement is another method that can be used to direct the flow of a
program. It provides a means for choosing one group of commands for execution
out of several possible groups.
30. THE switch-case STATEMENT
switch switch_expression, case case_expression, end evaluates an expression and
chooses to execute one of several groups of statements. Each choice is a case.
The switch block tests each case until one of the case expressions is true. A case is
true when:
For numbers, case_expression == switch_expression.
For character vectors, strcmp(case_expression,switch_expression) == 1.
For a cell array case_expression, at least one of the elements of the cell array matches
switch_expression, as defined above for numbers, character vectors, and objects.
When a case expression is true, MATLAB executes the corresponding statements
and exits the switch block.
An evaluated switch_expression must be a scalar or character vector. An evaluated
case_expression must be a scalar, a character vector, or a cell array of scalars or
character vectors.
The otherwise block is optional. MATLAB executes the statements only when no
case is true.
32. Tips: THE switch-case STATEMENT
A case_expression cannot include relational operators such as < or > for comparison
against the switch_expression. To test for inequality, use if, elseif, else statements.
The MATLAB switch statement does not fall through like a C language switch
statement. If the first case statement is true, MATLAB does not execute the other
case statements.
Define all variables necessary for code in a particular case within that case. Since
MATLAB executes only one case of any switch statement, variables defined within
one case are not available for other cases.
The MATLAB break statement ends execution of a for or while loop, but does not
end execution of a switch statement. This behavior is different than the behavior of
break and switch in C.
33. Loops
There may be a situation when you need to execute a block of code several number
of times. In general, statements are executed sequentially. The first statement in a
function is executed first, followed by the second, and so on.
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more
complicated execution paths.
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple
times and following is the general form of a loop statement in most of the
programming languages:
34. The “for...end” loop
A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop
that needs to execute a specific number of times.
42. Loop Control Statements
Loop control statements change execution from its normal sequence. When
execution leaves a scope, all automatic objects that were created in that scope are
destroyed
43. break Statements
The break statement terminates execution of for or while loop. Statements in the
loop that appear after the break statement are not executed.
In nested loops, break exits only from the loop in which it occurs. Control passes to
the statement following the end of that loop
45. continue Statements
The continue statement is used for passing control to next iteration of for or while
loop.
The continue statement in MATLAB works somewhat like the break statement.
Instead of forcing termination, however, 'continue' forces the next iteration of the
loop to take place, skipping any code in between.
48. Plot
The plot command is easily one of the most useful MATLAB commands. It needs at
least one argument as shown in following figure.
If there is no open figure, MATLAB will open a new one and will plot the argument
(an array) versus its index.
If there are two arrays as input arguments, MATLAB will take the first array to be
the x-coordinates, and the second array, the y-coordinates.
Fig.- Plot command
A third string argument can specify the type of line, colour and marker of the plotted
line.
49. Plot cont.…
If you want to plot more than one thing on the same figure, use the command hold
on.
The grid lines can be toggled on and of with the command grid (use grid on).
Fig.- Figure with axis
50. Manipulating a plot using command line
xlabel(‘String’) assigns text to your x axis. If you want to change the font size, then
add a property after the string i.e. xlabel(’String’,’fontsize’, Font size value). The
same goes for y axis i.e. ylabel(’String’,’fontsize’,Font size value’)
Title is added using title(’String’,’fontsize’,value’)
Changing the font size of the numbers on the axes is a bit different. You have to
have the figure you want to alter opened. Afterwards enter set(gca,’fontsize’, value).
This sets the font size of the current figure to the value you want.
The legend is added using legend(’String’).
The axes can be controlled by the following commands
53. Three dimensional graphics
The plot3 command plots a line from x, y and z vectors.
t=-5:.005:5;
x=(1+t.^2).*sin(20*t);
y=(1+t.^2).*cos(20*t);
z=t;
plot3(x,y,z)
grid on
FS='FontSize';
xlabel('x(t)',FS,14)
ylabel('y(t)',FS,14)
zlabel('z(t)',FS,14,'Rotation',0)
title('plot3 example',FS,14)
54.
55. Axis and Figure Properties
Plot a graph using following line of codes
x=0:0.05:10
y=1./((x-.3).^2+.01)+1./((x-.9).^2+.04)-6;
plot(x,y);
Now store current axis using ax=gca;
The axis and figure properties can be modified using different command as follows
>> ax.FontWeight='Bold’; // Change font weight
>> ax.FontSize=20; // set don’t size
Additional detail can be found on MathWorks.
56. Saving Figures
Figures can be saved in a specific file format using following commands:
saveas(fig,filename)
saveas(fig,filename,formattype)
More details can be found at MathWorks.
57. Manipulating a plot using GUI
First, generate a graph using following command
x=magic(100);
figure; plot(x(1,:));
In order to manipulate the graph using the GUI, go to “Edit“ and “Axes Properties“
in the drop down menu. A window will appear allowing you to manipulate the
labels, title, legend, font sizes, linewidths and everything else you might need to
tailor the plot for publication.
First, label the axes. You can access that in the “X axis“ and “Y axis“ tabs in the
bottom of the screen. As an example, change the x label to be “Time (s)“ and y label
to be “Current (mA)“. In the axis’ tabs you can also change the range that you want
to be displayed as well as the type of the axis, whether it is logarithmic or linear.
Now, add the title by inputting “Current over Time“ inside the box on the left hand
side of the window. You should see a title appearing on the top of your figure.
58. Manipulating a plot using GUI
In order to change the font or font size of your labels, double click on the label. A
different sub-window will change on the bottom of the “Axes Properties“ window.
Change the font size to be “16“. I find this to be used as a rule of thumb in most
cases. Also, change the font to bold. Moreover, perform the same actions on the Y
axis and the title.
In order to change the font size of the numbers on your axes, select your graph again
and go to “Font“ tab. Here, change the font size to 16 to match the labels.
Legend is added by clicking the “Insert Legend“ button in the toolbar and a legend
should appear. You can move the position of the legend on the figure as well as
change the string explaining the line. In order to change the text, double click on the
legend and type “flux“ in this case.
Finally, you can alter the way the line itself is represented. Click on the line of your
graph and you can change the style, color and line width on the right hand side of
the of the sub-window. As an example, change the line width to “2“. I usually keep it
“2“ as a rule of thumb.