The document explains the fundamentals of 3D technology, including its definition, how it works through human depth perception, and the use of 3D glasses (active and passive) for viewing. It discusses 3D capture technology, including motion capture for realistic animations in movies and games, and the process of creating 3D models which can be solid or shell types for various applications such as medical, entertainment, and engineering. Lastly, it covers 3D interaction, emphasizing the importance of user interfaces and specialized input/output devices in enabling effective interaction within three-dimensional spaces.

1. ADVANCED 3D
TECHNOLOGIES

2. WHAT IS 3D?
 In simple words, 3D is representation of any object that
has length, width and height like any real world object.
 3D Model displays the picture or item in a form that
appears to be physically present with a designed
structure.

3. HOW 3D TECHNOLOGY WORKS?
 In order to understand how 3D technology
works, we must understand how human
beings view the objects.
 As human beings have two eyes, and the two
eyes are about 3 inches apart from each other.
 The distance between two eyes produce two
different images of the same object and
transmit this information to brain.
 The brain will then make difference in where
distance and depth can be observed.

4. HOW 3D TECHNOLOGY WORKS?
 Now, human’s sight technique is applied in
3D Technology techniques.
 Such real view of an object can be viewed
of any source that is displayed on the 2 –
dimensional screen.
 For this 3D view, we need 3D glasses.
 3D glasses are of two types:
 Active and Passive 3D glasses.

5. 3D GLASSES
 In order for you to see "depth" from a 3D TV, each eye has to
see slightly different information. Ideally, the right eye doesn't
see any of the information meant for the left eye, and vice
versa.
 ACTIVE GLASSES
 Active 3D glasses use battery-operated shutter glasses that do
as their name describes: they rapidly shutter open and closed.
 This, it means the information meant for your left eye is blocked
from your right eye by a closed (opaque) shutter.
 All that's required of the TV is the capability to refresh fast
enough so each eye gets at least 60 frames per second.
They've been able to do this for a while.
 EXAMPLE: Active 3D can be found on plasma, LCD, LED LCD,
and all front and rear projectors for the home

6. Here you can see the right eye shuttering
closed. The image on screen is only intended
for the left eye.

7. Here you can see the left eye shuttering
closed. The image on screen is intended just
for your right eye. The difference between the
two screen images is what gives a perception
of depth.

8. PASSIVE GLASSES
 Passive glasses use inexpensive polarized
glasses, like what you get at most movie
theaters.
 The TV has a special filter that polarizes
each line of pixels.
 This filter makes the odd lines on the screen
only visible to the left eye, and the even lines
only visible to the right.
 Without the glasses, the TV looks normal.
 Example: Passive 3D is available on some
LCD and LED LCDs.

9. Here is a passive 3D TV, viewed up
close, without the glasses

10. Now here's the same TV, but viewed through the
glasses. Note the "missing" lines. This is because the
camera is only viewing the TV through one lens of the
passive glasses

11. 1. 3D CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY
 3D Capture technology is also known as Motion
Capture Technology.
 Motion capture is a way to digitally record human
movements.
 CONCEPT: The recorded motion capture data is
mapped on a digital model in 3D software (e.g.
Maya or 3D Studio Max) so the digital character
moves like the actor you recorded.

12. 3D CAPTURE PROCESS
The motion capture process consists of four major stages illustrated below:
1. Recording Skeleton Fitting Model : In a typical motion capture session, the
performance of standardized "gym" motion is first recorded for the skeleton
fitting post-processing.
2. Marker Capturing 2D Images: According to a work plan, multiple takes of each
motion are rehearsed until the artistic director is satisfied with the performance of
the artist. It is important to remember that only 2D marker images are captured
using dedicated hardware. So the artistic direction aesthetic evaluation can only
focus on the real performer’s motion and not on the corresponding virtual
character’s motion . This is the key problem of motion capture.
3. Motion Tracking: The third stage is motion tracking, to identify the performer’s
motion expressed in joint angle trajectories.
4. Anatomic Conversion: The last stage is the anatomic conversion producing the
virtual character’s motion while retaining the emotional perceptions by the real
performer’s motion.

14. APPLICATIONS OF 3D CAPTURE
TECHNOLOGIES
1. ENTERTAINMENT: This technology is used in the
entertainment industry for films and games to get more
realistic human movements.
 A famous example of a movie with lots of motion capture
technology is Avatar.

15. 2. GAMES: 3D Motion Capture Technology is also used in games.
3. TV:

16. 4. ADVERTISING:
5. MUTLIPERSON INTERACTION:

17. 6. LIVE ENTERTAINMENT:

18. 2. 3D VISUAL MODELLING
 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical
representation of any 3D surface of object via specialized
software.
 The product is called a 3D model.
 It can be displayed as a two-dimensional image through
a process called 3D Rendering or used in a computer
simulation of physical phenomena.
 Models may be created automatically or manually.
 3D MODEL: 3D models represent a 3D Object using a
collection of points in 3D space, connected by various
geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved
surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other
information), 3D models can be created by
hand, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or scanned.

20. REPRESENTATION OF 3D MODELS
3D models can be divided into two categories.
1. Solid - These models define the volume of the object
they represent (like a sphere not circle). These are
more realistic, but more difficult to build. Solid models
are mostly used for non visual simulations such as
medical and engineering simulations, for CAD and
specialized visual applications such as ray tracing
and constructive solid geometry.

21.  2. Shell/boundary - These models represent
the surface, e.g. the boundary of the object, not
its volume (like an infinitesimally thin
eggshell). These are easier to work with than
solid models. Almost all visual models used in
games and film are shell models.

22. APPLICATIONS OF 3D MODELS
o 3D Graphics: 3D Models are used in 3D Graphics.
o Medical Purpose: The medical industry uses detailed models of
organs; these may be created with multiple 2-D image slices from an
MRI or CT scan.
o Movies: The movie industry uses them as characters and objects for
animated and real-life motion pictures.
o Video Games: The video game industry uses them as assets
for computer and video games.
o Scientific Purpose: The science sector uses them as highly detailed
models of chemical compounds.
o Architecture Purpose: The architecture industry uses them to
demonstrate proposed buildings and landscapes through Software
Architectural Models.
o Engineering Purpose: The engineering community uses them as
designs of new devices, vehicles and structures as well as a host of
other uses.
o Geographical Models: In recent decades the earth
science community has started to construct 3D geological models as a

24. 4. 3D INTERACTION
 3D interaction is a form of human machine interaction where
users are able to move and perform interaction in 3D Space.
 Both human and machine process information where the physical
position of elements in the 3D space is relevant.

25. 3D USER INTERFACES
 User Interfaces are the means for communication between users and systems.
 3D interfaces include media for 3D representation of system state, and media
for 3D user input or manipulation.
 Using 3D representations is not enough to create 3D interaction. The users
must have a way of performing actions in 3D as well.
 To that effect, special input and output devices have been developed to
support this type of interaction.
1. Input devices:
 Input Devices are instruments used to manipulate objects, and send
control instructions to the computer system.
 Standard input devices include keyboards, tablets and stylus,
joysticks mice, touch screens, knobs, and trackballs.
 Wired Gloves and bodysuits allow gestural interaction to occur. These
send hand or body position and movement information to the
computer using sensors.

26. 2. Output Devices:
 Output devices allow the machine to provide
information or feedback to the user.
 They include visual displays and auditory displays.
 Visual displays provide feedback to users in 3D visual
form.
 Auditory displays provide information in auditory
form.
 Head Mounted Displays and CAVEs (Cave Automatic
Virtual Environment) are examples of a fully
immersive visual display.