This document discusses different types of algorithms. It describes 8 categories: simple recursive algorithms, backtracking algorithms, divide and conquer algorithms, dynamic programming algorithms, greedy algorithms, branch and bound algorithms, brute force algorithms, and randomized algorithms. For each type, it provides 1-2 examples to illustrate the approach, such as using recursion to count elements in a list, backtracking to solve a map coloring problem, and dynamic programming to calculate Fibonacci numbers faster.