The document discusses key concepts in second language acquisition including the natural order of acquisition, input, and the affective filter. Specifically, it notes that: 1) Learners typically acquire grammatical features in a natural order when engaged in natural communication tasks, but a different order may emerge during metalinguistic tasks. 2) Input is the most important factor in SLA, with learners needing comprehensible input that is at their level (i+1) to progress. 3) The affective filter refers to emotional factors like stress, anxiety, and lack of motivation that can prevent learners from taking in available language input.

1. Hashim Noor
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2. The Natural-Order
The idea of the Natural-Order
Learners may follow a
more or less similar order
in the acquisition of formal
grammatical features.
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3. The Natural-Order of Acquisition
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4. The Natural-Order of Acquisition
 When the Natural-Order works?
The natural or standard order
works when the L2 learner is
engaged in natural
communication tasks.
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5. The Natural-Order of Acquisition
 When the Natural-Order works?
When the L2 learner is
engaged in tasks that require
the use of metalinguistic or
grammatical knowledge a
different order will emerge.
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6. Hashim Noor
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7.  What is Input?
Input is what the learner
hears, reads, sees, or feels
inside and outside the
classroom.
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8. The Input
 The importance of Input
Input is the most important
factor in SLA. It affects the
progress of the learner in
learning the L2.
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9. The Input
 How Input takes place?
If the learner has to make a
progress beyond a given
stage of acquisition, he must
be exposed to the most
comprehensible input (i + 1).
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10. Learner’s i + 1
current
competence
i
+ new
morpheme or syntactic
feature =
should be
comprehended i + new
element
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11. The Input
 The characteristics of Input
Input, in order to be
comprehensible, should
have the following three
characteristics:
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12. The characteristics of Input
1. Comprehensive:
Covers the area to be presented
2. Adequate:
Up to the level of the learners
3. Clear/Correct:
In the pronunciation and grammar
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13. Hashim Noor
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14.  What is the affective filter?
The affective filter is an
imaginary barrier (mental
faculties) which prevents
learners from using input
available in the environment.
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15. The mental
faculties
emotional
motives attitudes
stress
needs
tense anxious bored doesn't like
screen out No
input acquisition
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16. The Filter
up down
The learner The learner is
is stress, self- relaxed and
conscious, or motivated
unmotivated
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17. Hashim Noor
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