1) The document discusses factors that influence sleep patterns such as metabolic rate, exercise, light exposure, hormones, and age. Slow wave sleep increases with higher metabolic rates. 2) Bright light decreases melatonin levels while physical exercise does not affect melatonin directly but increases cortisol. Growth hormone deficiency is associated with less deep and REM sleep. 3) Various treatments can influence sleep architecture, such as growth hormone increasing sleep efficiency, DHEA increasing REM sleep and sigma activity, and melatonin supplementation correcting sleep patterns.

1. Les moments les plus
propices pour Bailler
figure : animals that are seldom attacked sleep a great deal.
There is a relationship across species between metabolic
rate and sleep pattern:
↑ metabolic rate ⇒↑ slow wave sleep ⇒ ↑ (longer) sleep
(Shapiro et al BMJ Feb 1993 , volume 306 :383-385)
to preserve & restore energy
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2. Any place is good to ya
especially if boring
(16-21 days, only 18% sleep % controls)
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3. melatonin
melatonin
maximum
exercise
lower
Bright light → ↓↓ plasma melatonin levels Physical stress →no effect on figure: variations of the total antioxidants levels during a whole
plasma melatonin but ↑cortisol day matches significantly the levels of melatonin. Melatonin
figure : measurement of plasma melatonin and cortisol levels in 7 healthy biosynthesis requires tryptophan as a single substract (one of the most reactive
men (25- 34 yea.) in resting, before and after exercise performed at 23:40- aa -ROTS. Melatonin (sedative effect) acts as antioxidant and glutamate
24:00, 30 min after exposition to bright light (2500lx). Human pineal gland is (neuroexcitatory) act as pro-oxidant. The level of plasmatic tryptophan and its
oxidability seems to be a critical factor in biosynthesis of melatonin ( Olinescu R et
not responsive to sympathic ativation induced by physical stress even in the middle of
al Rev Roum Biocim 1995 32 , 1-2,57-66)
the dark phase. (Monteleone P et al Neuroendocrinol 1992, 55:367-371)
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4. MEL
⇓ -20% MEL
MEL ⇓
⇓ -31% -14%
Total Light
sleep sleep
534
479 (stages 1 + 2)
(+ 53 ‘)
8h REM SLEEP
corrected within the
368 first 390 min sleep
(+ 2 h) (delta) (the shortest total
(stages 3 + 4) sleep time in
246 controls)
4h 98 74 94 72
(1 h 38) (- 24 ‘) (1 h 34)(- 22’)
Figure: growth hormone-deficient young adults have ↓ deep
& REM sleep (study with 60 patients). (Aström C et
Lindholm J, Neuroendocrinology, 1990; 51: 82-84)
(- 39’) LIGHT
SLEEP
0
518
(- 41’)
0 309
(+ 27’) hormone
(+ 15’ )
0
111 138
64 79
Figure: improvement of sleep efficiency after 6 months
of growth hormone treatment (2 IU/M2/day) of
growth hormone-deficient young adults.
(Aström C et Lindholm J, Neuroendocrinology, 1990; 33: 495-500)
4

5. thyroxine
thyro- ⇑
+61%
xine
⇓
-74%
cortisol
ACTH
5

6. What did he take
to sleep so well ?
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7. figure : REM sleep during 23 h – 01 h
a single dose of 500
mg DHEA increases
sigma EEG activity REM sleep during 01 h – 03 h1
during REM sleep
during the first 2 h.-
period in 10 healthy REM sleep during 03 h – 05 h
young volunteers
(age 21-30 yrs;
mean age of 24.9
figure : 500 mg oral DHEA ↑ duration of REM sleep & EEG activity yr). REM sleep during 05 h – 07 h
in the sigma frequency range activity during REM sleep in
(Friers E et al, Am J
the first 2 h. sleep period in 10 healthy young men (mean age
of 24.9 yrs (21-30)). Physiol. 1995, 268 (1
(Frien E et al, Am J Physiol. 1995; 268 (1 Rt 1) : 107-13) Rt 1) : E 107-13) Delta Theta Alpha Sigma Beta
CE
⇑
⇑ CE
+25’
CE
⇓ 12’
+25’
-16’
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8. 8