This document provides information about Nanosyn, a contract research organization that offers various drug discovery services including high throughput screening, assay development, and medicinal chemistry services. It describes Nanosyn's microfluidic-based detection technology which allows simultaneous detection of enzyme substrates and products in a single sample run. This provides accurate and reproducible results. The technology also tolerates autofluorescent compounds and enables identification of both inhibitors and activators.
qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Arrays are panels of real-time PCR assays that allow for sensitive detection of mutations in 85-370 genes from fresh or FFPE samples. They provide detection of cancer-associated mutations with superior sensitivity compared to other methods using a simple real-time PCR protocol. The document describes the workflow which involves extracting DNA from samples, mixing with mastermix, distributing across the PCR array plate, running on a real-time PCR instrument, and analyzing data to make mutation calls. Examples of available arrays are provided that focus on different cancer types and pathways.
This document discusses kinase inhibitors and p38 MAP kinase as a drug target. It provides background on kinases and their role in disease. Many kinase inhibitors have been developed and some have been approved to treat cancers. The document discusses challenges with developing kinase inhibitors and strategies to increase selectivity, such as targeting inactive kinase conformations. It describes a compound called KC706 that was developed by Kemia to selectively inhibit p38α kinase in a time-dependent manner. KC706 shows potent and selective inhibition of p38α kinase activity and cytokine production in vitro.
Dna Methylation Analysis in a Single Day - Download the SlidesQIAGEN
This webinar introduces the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep system. Combined with the latest EpiTect Fast bisulfite conversion technology, the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep can now provide highly automated methylation analysis in a single day.
The document is a reference guide for pathway maps and related QIAGEN products. It includes a table of contents listing over 40 signaling pathways. For each pathway, it lists related RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays and Cignal Reporter Assay Kits from QIAGEN that can be used to study gene expression and transcription factor activity for that pathway. It also provides brief descriptions of the PCR array and reporter assay products and directs readers to QIAGEN websites for more information.
Maximizing PCR and RT-PCR Success - Download the BrochureQIAGEN
The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by K. Mullis and coworkers in 1985 revolutionized molecular biology and molecular medicine. Major research areas, such as biomarker discovery, gene regulation and cancer research are challenging today’s PCR technologies with more demanding requirements. These include the need for increased throughput while reducing costs, higher assay sensitivity and reliable data normalization. Assay development and evaluation, reproducibility of data and time to result are still major problems encountered by researchers.
Meeting today’s challenges in PCR requires advances in all methods of the workflow that starts with sample collection, sample stabilization, and nucleic acid purification, and ends with amplification and detection. The following pages focus on the importance of amplification in meeting these challenges.
Extending miRQC’s dynamic range: amplifying the view of Limiting RNA samples ...QIAGEN
The original microRNA quality control (miRQC) study provided an in-depth analysis of commercially available microRNA (miRNA) quantification platforms. Specifically, twelve different
microarray, real-time PCR and small RNA sequencing platforms were assessed for reproducibility, sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and concordance of differential expression using a variety of sample types. Overall, each platform exhibited specific strengths and weaknesses, leading to the
final suggestion that a platform should be chosen on the basis of the experimental setting and the specific research questions. With this suggestion in mind, and the fact that liquid miRNA biopsies are an area of intense interest, we sought to expand the original miRQC study. For our “miRQC extension,” we benchmarked the QIAGEN miScript® PCR System with and without preamplification, and included a specific focus on routinely used biofluids. Concurrently, we benchmarked the miScript PCR System against another SYBR® Green miRNA detection platform. Overall, QIAGEN miScript demonstrated strong reproducibility and accuracy as well as superior detection rate and sensitivity in biofluids. Collectively, QIAGEN miScript provides the leading solution for novel miRNA discoveries.
The document discusses BioChain's products for PCR and sample preparation, including PCR enzymes, reverse transcriptases, master mixes, dNTPs, and supporting reagents. It provides details on BioChain's Taq DNA polymerase and Hot Start Taq DNA polymerase, which are produced under strict quality control. It also describes BioChain's UltraScript reverse transcriptase, which is ideal for cDNA synthesis of templates with secondary structure or high GC content. Furthermore, it mentions BioChain's pre-mixed master mixes for standard and quantitative PCR, which offer convenience and reproducibility.
QIAcube® RNA isolation from stool samples using the RNeasy® PowerMicrobiome® ...QIAGEN
This application note demonstrates that RNA is extracted efficiently from stool samples using the RNeasy PowerMicrobiome Kit and the QIAcube system. Furthermore, the RNA isolated with the RNeasy PowerMicrobiome Kit and the QIAcube system is compatible with downstream applications.
qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Arrays are panels of real-time PCR assays that allow for sensitive detection of mutations in 85-370 genes from fresh or FFPE samples. They provide detection of cancer-associated mutations with superior sensitivity compared to other methods using a simple real-time PCR protocol. The document describes the workflow which involves extracting DNA from samples, mixing with mastermix, distributing across the PCR array plate, running on a real-time PCR instrument, and analyzing data to make mutation calls. Examples of available arrays are provided that focus on different cancer types and pathways.
This document discusses kinase inhibitors and p38 MAP kinase as a drug target. It provides background on kinases and their role in disease. Many kinase inhibitors have been developed and some have been approved to treat cancers. The document discusses challenges with developing kinase inhibitors and strategies to increase selectivity, such as targeting inactive kinase conformations. It describes a compound called KC706 that was developed by Kemia to selectively inhibit p38α kinase in a time-dependent manner. KC706 shows potent and selective inhibition of p38α kinase activity and cytokine production in vitro.
Dna Methylation Analysis in a Single Day - Download the SlidesQIAGEN
This webinar introduces the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep system. Combined with the latest EpiTect Fast bisulfite conversion technology, the new PyroMark Q48 Autoprep can now provide highly automated methylation analysis in a single day.
The document is a reference guide for pathway maps and related QIAGEN products. It includes a table of contents listing over 40 signaling pathways. For each pathway, it lists related RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays and Cignal Reporter Assay Kits from QIAGEN that can be used to study gene expression and transcription factor activity for that pathway. It also provides brief descriptions of the PCR array and reporter assay products and directs readers to QIAGEN websites for more information.
Maximizing PCR and RT-PCR Success - Download the BrochureQIAGEN
The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by K. Mullis and coworkers in 1985 revolutionized molecular biology and molecular medicine. Major research areas, such as biomarker discovery, gene regulation and cancer research are challenging today’s PCR technologies with more demanding requirements. These include the need for increased throughput while reducing costs, higher assay sensitivity and reliable data normalization. Assay development and evaluation, reproducibility of data and time to result are still major problems encountered by researchers.
Meeting today’s challenges in PCR requires advances in all methods of the workflow that starts with sample collection, sample stabilization, and nucleic acid purification, and ends with amplification and detection. The following pages focus on the importance of amplification in meeting these challenges.
Extending miRQC’s dynamic range: amplifying the view of Limiting RNA samples ...QIAGEN
The original microRNA quality control (miRQC) study provided an in-depth analysis of commercially available microRNA (miRNA) quantification platforms. Specifically, twelve different
microarray, real-time PCR and small RNA sequencing platforms were assessed for reproducibility, sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and concordance of differential expression using a variety of sample types. Overall, each platform exhibited specific strengths and weaknesses, leading to the
final suggestion that a platform should be chosen on the basis of the experimental setting and the specific research questions. With this suggestion in mind, and the fact that liquid miRNA biopsies are an area of intense interest, we sought to expand the original miRQC study. For our “miRQC extension,” we benchmarked the QIAGEN miScript® PCR System with and without preamplification, and included a specific focus on routinely used biofluids. Concurrently, we benchmarked the miScript PCR System against another SYBR® Green miRNA detection platform. Overall, QIAGEN miScript demonstrated strong reproducibility and accuracy as well as superior detection rate and sensitivity in biofluids. Collectively, QIAGEN miScript provides the leading solution for novel miRNA discoveries.
The document discusses BioChain's products for PCR and sample preparation, including PCR enzymes, reverse transcriptases, master mixes, dNTPs, and supporting reagents. It provides details on BioChain's Taq DNA polymerase and Hot Start Taq DNA polymerase, which are produced under strict quality control. It also describes BioChain's UltraScript reverse transcriptase, which is ideal for cDNA synthesis of templates with secondary structure or high GC content. Furthermore, it mentions BioChain's pre-mixed master mixes for standard and quantitative PCR, which offer convenience and reproducibility.
QIAcube® RNA isolation from stool samples using the RNeasy® PowerMicrobiome® ...QIAGEN
This application note demonstrates that RNA is extracted efficiently from stool samples using the RNeasy PowerMicrobiome Kit and the QIAcube system. Furthermore, the RNA isolated with the RNeasy PowerMicrobiome Kit and the QIAcube system is compatible with downstream applications.
1. The ChampionChIP system allows for epigenetic analysis of histone modifications and transcription factor binding in a single day. It uses validated antibodies, primers, and qPCR arrays to analyze multiple genomic regions simultaneously.
2. The system was used to analyze dynamic bivalent histone modification patterns of pluripotency genes during mouse embryonic carcinoma cell differentiation induced by retinoic acid. Distinct patterns were observed for genes and heterochromatic regions.
3. The system correctly identified histone modification distribution and was used to map modifications around the CDKN1A gene. It also analyzed p53 binding and correlated gene expression changes in response to drug treatment in cancer cell lines.
DNA Analysis - Basic Research : A Case StudyQIAGEN
The document discusses using the QIAxcel system for analyzing DNA fragments from genetic analyses like genotyping and mapping mutant genes. It provides examples of using the QIAxcel to genotype Arabidopsis thaliana plants with CAPS markers for a pks3 mutant allele. The system allows accurate sizing of DNA fragments in a high-throughput manner to unambiguously identify genotypes. It also discusses using the QIAxcel to analyze alternative splicing patterns regulated by the Tra2β protein to identify roles of its domains. The system provides rapid, sensitive and reproducible analysis of splicing patterns.
This document discusses chromogenic substrates, which are peptides linked to a chromophore that are used to detect and measure the activity of proteolytic enzymes like thrombin and factor Xa. Chromogenic substrates are cleaved by these enzymes, releasing the chromophore p-nitroaniline which turns yellow and can be quantified. The document provides examples of specific chromogenic substrates for various enzymes and describes their use in clinical assays to measure coagulation factors, antithrombin, heparin, and activated protein C.
The EpiTect Methyl II PCR Array System allows for the fast and accurate detection of regional DNA methylation levels of multiple genes simultaneously, without the need for bisulfite conversion. Using a simple restriction enzyme digestion followed by real-time PCR, the system can analyze methylation levels of 22 or 94 genes. It provides controls and free data analysis tools. The system is well-suited for biomarker characterization and profiling DNA methylation changes related to disease pathways and processes.
The document describes the Cignal 10-Pathway Reporter Array, a tool that can simultaneously measure the activity of 10 cancer-related signaling pathways in a single experiment. The array contains reporter assays to analyze pathways such as Wnt, Notch, p53, TGFß, NFkB, and MAPK. Results showed that knockdown of the tumor suppressor p53 downregulated p53 signaling but upregulated Notch, hypoxia and MAPK/ERK pathways in HEK293 cells. As Notch signaling is often deregulated in cancer, this suggests Notch may act as an oncogene. Knockdown of Dicer, required for siRNA and miRNA pathways, downregulated Notch,
1) The document describes a cell-based multi-pathway profiling array that was developed to rapidly and sensitively interrogate the functional and biological effects of siRNAs on key cell signaling pathways in vivo.
2) The array uses luciferase reporter technology to monitor the activity of 13 cell signaling pathways, including NFkB, PKC/Ca2+, Notch, Wnt/β-Catenin, cAMP/PKA, p53, E2F, TGFβ, MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways.
3) Testing of 5 siRNAs on the array found it could provide robust data on both the specific on-pathway and off-pathway effects of siRNAs, as well as highlight potential
Technical Guide to Qiagen PCR Arrays - Download the GuideQIAGEN
Total RNA discovery with RT2 and miScript PCR Arrays : Explore the RNA universe - Whatever your destination within the RNA universe, QIAGEN will help you get there. The miRNeasy kits deliver pure, high-quality total RNA from a broad range of samples. The RT2 and miScript PCR arrays are a complete solution both for focused analysis of gene and microRNA expression and for validation of microarray and RNA sequencing experiments. Together with the powerful analytics tools of GeneGlobe® and QIAGEN Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis, these products give you a smooth path from your sample to high-quality results.
This document describes a new bisulfite-free method called TAPS (Tet-Assisted Pyridine-borane Sequencing) for whole-genome DNA methylation profiling with single-base resolution. TAPS uses TET enzymes to oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and then uses mild chemical reactions with pyridine borane to selectively convert 5mC to thymine while leaving unmodified cytosines intact. This avoids the DNA degradation and biases introduced by bisulfite treatment in whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. The summary is as follows:
1) TAPS provides high conversion rates of 5mC to thymine without affecting unmodified cytosines or damaging DNA.
This document summarizes a gene knockdown product that uses shRNA plasmids to suppress target gene expression in human, mouse, and rat cell lines. It guarantees that at least two of the four shRNA plasmids provided will reduce target gene expression by 70% or more. The plasmids contain antibiotic resistance or GFP markers to select for or enrich stable transfectants for studying long-term or short-term gene suppression effects, respectively. It provides experimental validation and specificity testing to minimize off-target effects.
The document discusses eight common challenges to successful one-step RT-PCR and how the new QIAGEN OneStep Ahead RT-PCR Kit addresses each challenge. The kit contains optimized components that allow reverse transcription and PCR amplification to take place in a single tube without extra optimization. It ensures efficient, highly specific reactions with convenient room temperature setup and a visual pipetting control. The kit also offers the fastest cycling protocol on the market by completing the one-step RT-PCR in just one hour.
Purification of total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells - Download ...QIAGEN
Peripheral blood is often used for in vitro studies of the human immune system or immune responses, such as inflammation. An important part of the human immune system is represented by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC are blood cells characterized by a round nucleus and consist mainly of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we describe the analysis of lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptional response of isolated PBMC from whole blood using the RNeasy® Mini Kit or RNeasy Micro Kit, RT2 First Strand Kit, RT2 SYBR® Green ROX™ qPCR Mastermix, and RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays.
Single-cell microRNA expression profiling is a challenging workflow. From cell lysis, reverse transcription, preamplificatin to real-time PCR, every step involves technical pitfalls. Therefore it is critical to have a robust system that facilitates universal cDNA synthesis and universal amplification of all miRNAs in one workflow without introducing bias. Here we present a new poster – introducing a robust real-time PCR workflow and protocol for profiling miRNA expression from a single cell and how we analyze the single cells by using the free data analysis software.
Sequential Automation of RNA and DNA preps on the same QIAcube instrumentQIAGEN
Automation of QIAGEN spin-column kits on the QIAcube saves valuable time and ensures standardized results. Since the same QIAcube may be used by multiple researchers for different applications, cross-contamination between samples and preparation technologies must be avoided (e.g., when nucleases are used). The unique instrument design and features minimize contamination between sequential preps, allowing both RNA and DNA preps to be performed on the same instrument. To show the process safety and robustness, we performed alternating automated RNA preps (requiring a DNase step) and DNA plasmid preps (requiring an RNase step). The preps were sequentially performed on the same QIAcube instrument using the RNeasy® Mini Kit and the QIAprep® Spin Miniprep Kit, respectively.
Independently, we performed a series of manually processed preps to compare with the automated preps. RNA and DNA quality and yields were similar between the two methods, showing the absence of carryover of nucleases.
The NFkB pathway was identified as important for high CCL2 expression in the glioma cell line U105MG. Using a transcription factor siRNA array to knock down 42 transcription factors, RELA (a subunit of NFkB) was found to significantly lower CCL2 expression levels. Knocking down RELA also enhanced the effect of BCNU (carmustine) treatment, indicating that targeting the NFkB pathway may help sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy in glioma.
miRNA profiling from blood challenges and recommendations - Download the articleQIAGEN
The discovery of stable miRNA species circulating in blood has led to increased research focus on disease-related variations in serum and plasma miRNA expression and the possibility that such variations could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for disease. Working with serum and plasma miRNA presents various challenges in purification and characterization. In this paper, we outline QIAGEN recommendations for robust purification and quantification, as well as reliable data normalization and analysis.
The document discusses how AP-2α induces apoptosis in cancer cells. It finds that AP-2α activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by binding to the Bcl-2 promoter and repressing its transcription. This allows Bax to translocate to mitochondria, disrupt membrane potential, and release cytochrome c, activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 is important for AP-2α-induced apoptosis. Overexpressing AP-2α enhances cancer cell chemosensitivity to various drugs.
This document describes QIAGEN's RT2 Profiler Plus and RT2 Predictor PCR arrays for assessing pathway activity and cellular toxicity through gene expression analysis. The arrays use curated biomarker gene panels and a mathematical model to generate a pathway activity score from gene expression data. They were developed using extensive validation and have been applied to study pathway regulation during stem cell differentiation, drug effects on pathways, and the role of pathways in cancer stem cells. The Profiler Plus array allows profiling gene expression and calculating a pathway activity score, while the Predictor array calculates the score alone in a higher-throughput format. Both provide a validated method for measuring biological processes using gene expression changes.
Deeper Insight into Transcriptomes! Download the FlyerQIAGEN
Discover a new workflow for RT-PCR-based gene expression work
Accurate and biologically relevant results in RT-PCR-based
gene expression can be difficult to achieve. Successful
transcriptome work requires validated, reproducible targets
and high-quality technology. Recognizing the variability arising from sample physiology
and pathology, the influence of sample purification and
assay conditions, and the importance of access to easyto-
use software, QIAGEN experts developed a new gene
expression workflow. It will help you properly validate your
RT-PCR and gain the deepest insight into your result.
RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression in biological pathways or disease states using real-time PCR. The document discusses:
1. PCR Arrays focus on profiling genes relevant to specific pathways or disease states. They provide a simple, reproducible, and sensitive way to simultaneously profile expression of many genes related to a pathway.
2. Examples are provided demonstrating how PCR Arrays have been used in cancer research to discover breast cancer biomarkers, in immunology research to monitor cytokine induction, and in toxicity research to determine drug toxicity profiles.
3. Key advantages of PCR Arrays are highlighted, including their simplicity, performance, relevance to specific pathways, and ability to analyze gene expression from small amounts
Multicopy reference assay (MRef) — a superior normalizer of sample input in D...QIAGEN
Copy number variations (CNVs) and alterations (CNAs) are a source of genetic diversity in humans and are often pathogenic. Numerous CNVs and CNAs are being identified with various genome analysis platforms, including array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping platforms, and next-generation sequencing. Independent verification of copy number changes is a critical step. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a classic method to verify microarray copy number findings. Traditional copy number assays that use qPCR typically rely on a putative single-copy gene reference assay (e.g., RNase P or TERT) to normalize the DNA input for downstream ΔΔCT-based copy number calculation for comparison to a reference genome. When applied to cancer samples, these single-copy reference assays may no longer be a reliable indicator of DNA input due to the presence of complex chromosome composition (both in chromosome number and structure). To meet the need for an accurate DNA input normalizer, especially for heterogeneous tumor samples, QIAGEN developed a multicopy reference (MRef) assay for real-time PCR copy number analysis. This assay, in conjunction with QIAGEN’s greater than 10 million genomewide copy number assays and pathway- and disease-focused copy number PCR arrays (Figure 1), provides a successful solution for copy number analysis. This article will address the assay design considerations, development, and performance of this multicopy reference (MRef) assay.
Gamma-irradiated Frozen Cells Validated for GPCR-mediated Kinase SignalingPerkinElmer, Inc.
This document summarizes research from PerkinElmer and TGR Biosciences on using gamma-irradiated frozen cells for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling assays. Specifically, it shows that frozen "cAMPZen" and "AequoZen" cells can be used with AlphaScreen SureFire assays to measure kinase pathways like ERK, Akt, and CREB activation downstream of various GPCRs. The assays performed similarly to cultured cells and provided robust windows for detecting full and partial receptor agonism. In total, the frozen cells were validated for kinase signaling assays for 66 different GPCRs. This research demonstrates that frozen gamma-irradiated cells are a useful tool for characterizing drug
1. The ChampionChIP system allows for epigenetic analysis of histone modifications and transcription factor binding in a single day. It uses validated antibodies, primers, and qPCR arrays to analyze multiple genomic regions simultaneously.
2. The system was used to analyze dynamic bivalent histone modification patterns of pluripotency genes during mouse embryonic carcinoma cell differentiation induced by retinoic acid. Distinct patterns were observed for genes and heterochromatic regions.
3. The system correctly identified histone modification distribution and was used to map modifications around the CDKN1A gene. It also analyzed p53 binding and correlated gene expression changes in response to drug treatment in cancer cell lines.
DNA Analysis - Basic Research : A Case StudyQIAGEN
The document discusses using the QIAxcel system for analyzing DNA fragments from genetic analyses like genotyping and mapping mutant genes. It provides examples of using the QIAxcel to genotype Arabidopsis thaliana plants with CAPS markers for a pks3 mutant allele. The system allows accurate sizing of DNA fragments in a high-throughput manner to unambiguously identify genotypes. It also discusses using the QIAxcel to analyze alternative splicing patterns regulated by the Tra2β protein to identify roles of its domains. The system provides rapid, sensitive and reproducible analysis of splicing patterns.
This document discusses chromogenic substrates, which are peptides linked to a chromophore that are used to detect and measure the activity of proteolytic enzymes like thrombin and factor Xa. Chromogenic substrates are cleaved by these enzymes, releasing the chromophore p-nitroaniline which turns yellow and can be quantified. The document provides examples of specific chromogenic substrates for various enzymes and describes their use in clinical assays to measure coagulation factors, antithrombin, heparin, and activated protein C.
The EpiTect Methyl II PCR Array System allows for the fast and accurate detection of regional DNA methylation levels of multiple genes simultaneously, without the need for bisulfite conversion. Using a simple restriction enzyme digestion followed by real-time PCR, the system can analyze methylation levels of 22 or 94 genes. It provides controls and free data analysis tools. The system is well-suited for biomarker characterization and profiling DNA methylation changes related to disease pathways and processes.
The document describes the Cignal 10-Pathway Reporter Array, a tool that can simultaneously measure the activity of 10 cancer-related signaling pathways in a single experiment. The array contains reporter assays to analyze pathways such as Wnt, Notch, p53, TGFß, NFkB, and MAPK. Results showed that knockdown of the tumor suppressor p53 downregulated p53 signaling but upregulated Notch, hypoxia and MAPK/ERK pathways in HEK293 cells. As Notch signaling is often deregulated in cancer, this suggests Notch may act as an oncogene. Knockdown of Dicer, required for siRNA and miRNA pathways, downregulated Notch,
1) The document describes a cell-based multi-pathway profiling array that was developed to rapidly and sensitively interrogate the functional and biological effects of siRNAs on key cell signaling pathways in vivo.
2) The array uses luciferase reporter technology to monitor the activity of 13 cell signaling pathways, including NFkB, PKC/Ca2+, Notch, Wnt/β-Catenin, cAMP/PKA, p53, E2F, TGFβ, MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways.
3) Testing of 5 siRNAs on the array found it could provide robust data on both the specific on-pathway and off-pathway effects of siRNAs, as well as highlight potential
Technical Guide to Qiagen PCR Arrays - Download the GuideQIAGEN
Total RNA discovery with RT2 and miScript PCR Arrays : Explore the RNA universe - Whatever your destination within the RNA universe, QIAGEN will help you get there. The miRNeasy kits deliver pure, high-quality total RNA from a broad range of samples. The RT2 and miScript PCR arrays are a complete solution both for focused analysis of gene and microRNA expression and for validation of microarray and RNA sequencing experiments. Together with the powerful analytics tools of GeneGlobe® and QIAGEN Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis, these products give you a smooth path from your sample to high-quality results.
This document describes a new bisulfite-free method called TAPS (Tet-Assisted Pyridine-borane Sequencing) for whole-genome DNA methylation profiling with single-base resolution. TAPS uses TET enzymes to oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and then uses mild chemical reactions with pyridine borane to selectively convert 5mC to thymine while leaving unmodified cytosines intact. This avoids the DNA degradation and biases introduced by bisulfite treatment in whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. The summary is as follows:
1) TAPS provides high conversion rates of 5mC to thymine without affecting unmodified cytosines or damaging DNA.
This document summarizes a gene knockdown product that uses shRNA plasmids to suppress target gene expression in human, mouse, and rat cell lines. It guarantees that at least two of the four shRNA plasmids provided will reduce target gene expression by 70% or more. The plasmids contain antibiotic resistance or GFP markers to select for or enrich stable transfectants for studying long-term or short-term gene suppression effects, respectively. It provides experimental validation and specificity testing to minimize off-target effects.
The document discusses eight common challenges to successful one-step RT-PCR and how the new QIAGEN OneStep Ahead RT-PCR Kit addresses each challenge. The kit contains optimized components that allow reverse transcription and PCR amplification to take place in a single tube without extra optimization. It ensures efficient, highly specific reactions with convenient room temperature setup and a visual pipetting control. The kit also offers the fastest cycling protocol on the market by completing the one-step RT-PCR in just one hour.
Purification of total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells - Download ...QIAGEN
Peripheral blood is often used for in vitro studies of the human immune system or immune responses, such as inflammation. An important part of the human immune system is represented by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC are blood cells characterized by a round nucleus and consist mainly of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we describe the analysis of lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptional response of isolated PBMC from whole blood using the RNeasy® Mini Kit or RNeasy Micro Kit, RT2 First Strand Kit, RT2 SYBR® Green ROX™ qPCR Mastermix, and RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays.
Single-cell microRNA expression profiling is a challenging workflow. From cell lysis, reverse transcription, preamplificatin to real-time PCR, every step involves technical pitfalls. Therefore it is critical to have a robust system that facilitates universal cDNA synthesis and universal amplification of all miRNAs in one workflow without introducing bias. Here we present a new poster – introducing a robust real-time PCR workflow and protocol for profiling miRNA expression from a single cell and how we analyze the single cells by using the free data analysis software.
Sequential Automation of RNA and DNA preps on the same QIAcube instrumentQIAGEN
Automation of QIAGEN spin-column kits on the QIAcube saves valuable time and ensures standardized results. Since the same QIAcube may be used by multiple researchers for different applications, cross-contamination between samples and preparation technologies must be avoided (e.g., when nucleases are used). The unique instrument design and features minimize contamination between sequential preps, allowing both RNA and DNA preps to be performed on the same instrument. To show the process safety and robustness, we performed alternating automated RNA preps (requiring a DNase step) and DNA plasmid preps (requiring an RNase step). The preps were sequentially performed on the same QIAcube instrument using the RNeasy® Mini Kit and the QIAprep® Spin Miniprep Kit, respectively.
Independently, we performed a series of manually processed preps to compare with the automated preps. RNA and DNA quality and yields were similar between the two methods, showing the absence of carryover of nucleases.
The NFkB pathway was identified as important for high CCL2 expression in the glioma cell line U105MG. Using a transcription factor siRNA array to knock down 42 transcription factors, RELA (a subunit of NFkB) was found to significantly lower CCL2 expression levels. Knocking down RELA also enhanced the effect of BCNU (carmustine) treatment, indicating that targeting the NFkB pathway may help sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy in glioma.
miRNA profiling from blood challenges and recommendations - Download the articleQIAGEN
The discovery of stable miRNA species circulating in blood has led to increased research focus on disease-related variations in serum and plasma miRNA expression and the possibility that such variations could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for disease. Working with serum and plasma miRNA presents various challenges in purification and characterization. In this paper, we outline QIAGEN recommendations for robust purification and quantification, as well as reliable data normalization and analysis.
The document discusses how AP-2α induces apoptosis in cancer cells. It finds that AP-2α activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by binding to the Bcl-2 promoter and repressing its transcription. This allows Bax to translocate to mitochondria, disrupt membrane potential, and release cytochrome c, activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 is important for AP-2α-induced apoptosis. Overexpressing AP-2α enhances cancer cell chemosensitivity to various drugs.
This document describes QIAGEN's RT2 Profiler Plus and RT2 Predictor PCR arrays for assessing pathway activity and cellular toxicity through gene expression analysis. The arrays use curated biomarker gene panels and a mathematical model to generate a pathway activity score from gene expression data. They were developed using extensive validation and have been applied to study pathway regulation during stem cell differentiation, drug effects on pathways, and the role of pathways in cancer stem cells. The Profiler Plus array allows profiling gene expression and calculating a pathway activity score, while the Predictor array calculates the score alone in a higher-throughput format. Both provide a validated method for measuring biological processes using gene expression changes.
Deeper Insight into Transcriptomes! Download the FlyerQIAGEN
Discover a new workflow for RT-PCR-based gene expression work
Accurate and biologically relevant results in RT-PCR-based
gene expression can be difficult to achieve. Successful
transcriptome work requires validated, reproducible targets
and high-quality technology. Recognizing the variability arising from sample physiology
and pathology, the influence of sample purification and
assay conditions, and the importance of access to easyto-
use software, QIAGEN experts developed a new gene
expression workflow. It will help you properly validate your
RT-PCR and gain the deepest insight into your result.
RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression in biological pathways or disease states using real-time PCR. The document discusses:
1. PCR Arrays focus on profiling genes relevant to specific pathways or disease states. They provide a simple, reproducible, and sensitive way to simultaneously profile expression of many genes related to a pathway.
2. Examples are provided demonstrating how PCR Arrays have been used in cancer research to discover breast cancer biomarkers, in immunology research to monitor cytokine induction, and in toxicity research to determine drug toxicity profiles.
3. Key advantages of PCR Arrays are highlighted, including their simplicity, performance, relevance to specific pathways, and ability to analyze gene expression from small amounts
Multicopy reference assay (MRef) — a superior normalizer of sample input in D...QIAGEN
Copy number variations (CNVs) and alterations (CNAs) are a source of genetic diversity in humans and are often pathogenic. Numerous CNVs and CNAs are being identified with various genome analysis platforms, including array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping platforms, and next-generation sequencing. Independent verification of copy number changes is a critical step. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a classic method to verify microarray copy number findings. Traditional copy number assays that use qPCR typically rely on a putative single-copy gene reference assay (e.g., RNase P or TERT) to normalize the DNA input for downstream ΔΔCT-based copy number calculation for comparison to a reference genome. When applied to cancer samples, these single-copy reference assays may no longer be a reliable indicator of DNA input due to the presence of complex chromosome composition (both in chromosome number and structure). To meet the need for an accurate DNA input normalizer, especially for heterogeneous tumor samples, QIAGEN developed a multicopy reference (MRef) assay for real-time PCR copy number analysis. This assay, in conjunction with QIAGEN’s greater than 10 million genomewide copy number assays and pathway- and disease-focused copy number PCR arrays (Figure 1), provides a successful solution for copy number analysis. This article will address the assay design considerations, development, and performance of this multicopy reference (MRef) assay.
Gamma-irradiated Frozen Cells Validated for GPCR-mediated Kinase SignalingPerkinElmer, Inc.
This document summarizes research from PerkinElmer and TGR Biosciences on using gamma-irradiated frozen cells for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling assays. Specifically, it shows that frozen "cAMPZen" and "AequoZen" cells can be used with AlphaScreen SureFire assays to measure kinase pathways like ERK, Akt, and CREB activation downstream of various GPCRs. The assays performed similarly to cultured cells and provided robust windows for detecting full and partial receptor agonism. In total, the frozen cells were validated for kinase signaling assays for 66 different GPCRs. This research demonstrates that frozen gamma-irradiated cells are a useful tool for characterizing drug
This document discusses cancer drug targets and profiling key genes related to cancer treatment. It begins with an overview of actively investigated cancer drug target genes across various categories like growth factors and receptors, protein kinases, apoptosis genes, and more. It then discusses profiling gene expressions using RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays which allow analyzing 84 pathway genes along with controls. The document also discusses detecting gene mutations using Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays designed around clinically relevant mutations. Finally, it discusses analyzing histone modifications of drug target genes using epigenetic approaches, as histone modifications influence gene transcription and cell response to drug regimens.
This document discusses apoptosis analysis tools from Enzo Life Sciences. It describes their products for monitoring the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Their product lines include modulators and screening assays, immunoassays and antibodies, and live cell analysis tools for detecting hallmarks of apoptosis like phosphatidylserine exposure, chromatin condensation, DNA damage, and caspase activation. The document provides examples of specific products for analyzing apoptotic pathways.
Activation of AMPK inhibits cervical cancer cell growth through AKT/FOXO3a/FO...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Although advanced-stage cervical cancer can benefit from current treatments, approximately 30% patients may fail after definitive treatment eventually. Therefore, exploring alternative molecular therapeutic approaches is imperatively needed for this disease. We have recently shown that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor, hampers cervical cancer cell growth through blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. Here, we report that activated AMPK (p-AMPK) also inhibits cervical cancer cell growth by counteracting FOXM1 function.
dkNET Webinar: The Signaling Pathways Project, an integrated ‘omics knowledge...dkNET
Dr. Scott Ochsner and Dr. Neil McKenna from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, introduced dkNET Hypothesis Center - Signaling Pathways Project (SPP).
Abstract: Mining of integrated public transcriptomic and ChIP-Seq (cistromic) datasets can illuminate functions of mammalian cellular signaling pathways not yet explored in the research literature. Here, we designed a web knowledgebase, the Signaling Pathways Project (SPP), which incorporates community classifications of signaling pathway nodes (receptors, enzymes, transcription factors and co-nodes) and their cognate bioactive small molecules. We then mapped over 10,000 public transcriptomic or cistromic experiments to their pathway node or biosample of study. To enable prediction of pathway node-gene target transcriptional regulatory relationships through SPP, we generated consensus ‘omics signatures, or consensomes, which ranked genes based on measures of their significant differential expression or promoter occupancy across transcriptomic or cistromic experiments mapped to a specific node family. Consensomes were validated using alignment with canonical literature knowledge, gene target-level integration of transcriptomic and cistromic data points, and in bench experiments confirming previously uncharacterized node-gene target regulatory relationships. To expose the SPP knowledgebase to researchers, a web browser interface was designed that accommodates numerous routine data mining strategies. SPP is freely accessible at https://www.signalingpathways.org. In this webinar, the presenters will demonstrate several SPP use cases, as well as take questions from the audience about specific aspects of SPP.
Carnosic acid (CA) is a bioactive molecule found in rosemary and sage plants that has antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study examined the effects of CA on glioblastoma (GBM) cells. The results showed that CA decreased cell survival of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CA modulated key signaling pathways involved in proliferation and survival, including decreasing phosphorylation of STAT3 and AKT. It also promoted proteasomal degradation of proteins important for proliferation like SOX2 and GFAP. However, CA failed to degrade MYC. In conclusion, CA has potential as an anticancer agent for GBM but its clinical potential is limited as it cannot
Reporter assay and q pcr application 2012Elsa von Licy
This document summarizes a presentation on high-performance cell-based assay and qPCR technologies for pathway-focused research. The presentation overview discusses QIAGEN's SABiosciences portfolio, PCR arrays, Cignal and Cignal Lenti pathway reporters, and provides a summary. PCR arrays allow analysis of mRNA expression of up to 84 genes related to biological pathways in a single experiment. Cignal reporter assays use dual-luciferase reporters to study 45 signal transduction pathways. Cignal Lenti reporters use lentiviral delivery of luciferase or GFP reporters to study pathways in difficult to transfect cells like stem cells or primary cells.
Interferon-stimulated gene TDRD7 interacts with AMPK and inhibits its activat...Nicolas Teatino Rubio
The study evaluated how the interferon-stimulated gene TDRD7 interacts with AMPK to inhibit viral replication. TDRD7 contains tudor domains and interacts directly with AMPK through its C-terminal tudor domain, inhibiting AMPK activation. This stops AMPK-induced autophagy that some viruses use to replicate. Methods like flow cytometry, RNA isolation, qRT-PCR, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were used to analyze the interaction between TDRD7 and AMPK and its effect on suppressing viral replication. The research demonstrates how molecular biology techniques can help understand antiviral host responses and potentially reduce pathology.
This technical article describes three case studies using RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays to analyze gene expression changes in different research areas: toxicology, oncology, and immunology. In the toxicology study, liver cells were treated with three drugs known to cause liver toxicity and the PCR Array identified distinct gene expression patterns for each drug, suggesting different mechanisms of toxicity. In the oncology study, gene expression in breast tumor samples was compared to normal tissue and a common set of upregulated genes was discovered in two independent tumor samples. In the immunology study, stimulated immune cells showed good correlation between cytokine gene and protein expression levels. The article concludes the PCR Array System is a reliable and accurate tool for pathway-focused gene expression profiling across
Please note: This presentation accompanies a recorded webinar at:
https://www1.gotomeeting.com/register/347794241
Biomarkers for studying gene regulation and cell function can be efficiently analyzed by multiplexed methods. Dr. Jim Lazar from OriGene Technologies will provide an overview of four different but related detection technologies that can be used to analyze genetic variants, microRNA expression, transcription factor binding, and protein expression on the Luminex xMAP platform. OriGene’s broad panel of assays and tools for discovery, analysis and validation of multiple classes of important biomarkers will allow researcher to develop more accurate descriptions of biologically complex systems.
The document discusses DNA barcoding of Impatiens balsamina using chloroplast and nuclear markers. Genomic DNA was successfully extracted from I. balsamina leaves. The psbA-trnH marker was found to be the best barcode, amplifying a 337 bp fragment that showed 100% sequence identity to I. balsamina voucher sequences in GenBank. RbcL and ITS2 were also successfully amplified and sequenced, while matK amplification was unsuccessful. The sequences were verified through bioinformatics analysis, demonstrating DNA barcoding can authenticate I. balsamina.
Cell-based Reporter Assays: Measure 45 Signaling Pathway Activity in Any Cel...Qiagen - Egypt
Would you like to measure signaling pathway activity in your favorite cell? Learn how to successfully apply convenient and robust reporter assays to your RNA interference, gene over-expression, protein, or small molecule studies. The Cignal Reporter Assays are an excellent tool for studying pathway signaling activity in cells that are amenable to transfection, available for studying numerous pathways including (ROS, Wnt, NF-kB, Notch, cAMP/PKA, TGFbeta, and the Cignal Lenti Reporter Assays combines the power of a lentiviral delivery system with our robust transcription factor reporter technology, enabling you to study signal pathways in virtually any cell type. You can find a technology overview, protocol tutorial, and application examples in the following presentation.
Cell-based Reporter Assays: Measure 45 Signaling Pathway Activity in Any Cell...QIAGEN
Would you like to measure signaling pathway activity in your favorite cell? Learn how to successfully apply convenient and robust reporter assays to your RNA interference, gene over-expression, protein, or small molecule studies. The Cignal Reporter Assays are an excellent tool for studying pathway signaling activity in cells that are amenable to transfection, available for studying numerous pathways including (ROS, Wnt, NF-kB, Notch, cAMP/PKA, TGFbeta, and the Cignal Lenti Reporter Assays combines the power of a lentiviral delivery system with our robust transcription factor reporter technology, enabling you to study signal pathways in virtually any cell type. You can find a technology overview, protocol tutorial, and application examples in the following presentation.
New Cayman Chemical Products - Sept 17th, 2013Cayman Chemical
This document summarizes new products introduced by Cayman Chemical from September 9-13, 2013. It describes several assay kits for studying bromodomain interactions, renal function, and catalase activity. Antibodies and recombinant proteins involved in DNA damage response and epigenetic regulation are also highlighted. A variety of natural products and inhibitors are noted including curcumin analogs, sPLA2 inhibitors, and receptor antagonists. New dyes, indicators, and forensic standards are briefly outlined.
This document discusses cellular signalling and molecular mechanisms of drug action. It describes the different types of cell signalling including extracellular signals like hormones and intracellular signals like calcium and cyclic nucleotides. It also explains different receptor types like G-protein coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels. Additionally, it covers molecular mechanisms of drug action like receptor occupancy models and transducer mechanisms. Finally, it discusses ion channels involved in cellular signalling like sodium, calcium and potassium channels as well as their pharmacological modulation.
Bioinformatic data analysis – comparison from three human studies using diffe...Agnieszka Caruso
This document summarizes three bioinformatics studies comparing gene expression data from human samples using different Affymetrix platforms: 1) comparing periodontal ligament and gingival cells, 2) identifying genes regulated by nuclear IGFBP5 in osteoblasts, and 3) effects of LPS on osteoblasts. Key findings include identification of differentially expressed genes and biological processes between tissue types in study 1, and processes related to cell cycle, proliferation and splicing regulated by IGFBP5 in study 2. Study 3 on LPS effects found upregulation of factors stimulating osteoclasts and downregulation of processes like mitosis and cell cycle. The document discusses analysis tools and validation of array results.
The document summarizes a study analyzing a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the actin filament associated protein (AFAP-110) gene in patients with head and neck cancer. The SNP leads to an amino acid change that enhances activation of c-Src kinase, which promotes tumor growth. The study found that all 50 patients had the polymorphic AFAP-110403C genotype, with 13 patients being heterozygous and 37 being homozygous. Further analysis is underway to determine if the AFAP-110 SNP correlates with tumor measurements, biomarkers of response, and clinical outcomes in patients treated with dasatinib, a Src inhibitor, and erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor.
2. Accelerating your drug discovery
Nanosyn is a biological and chemical services contract research
organization providing high throughput screening, compound
profiling, assay development, protein expression, SAR expansion
and testing, medicinal chemistry, compound libraries, hit-to-lead
optimization, process chemistry, scale-up services and other
innovative solutions to meet your drug discovery needs.
Our comprehensive platform of
kinase, protease, phosphatase and
epigenetic assays utilizes cutting-
edge microfluidics and informatics
tools to provide accurate and rapid
results for your drug discovery,
compound evaluation and
prioritization programs.
SCREENING AND
PROFILING SERVICESNanosyn’s biochemical assays utilize a Caliper
LabChip microfluidic technology—the only
profiling technology that affords simultaneous
detection and quantification of both substrate
and product of the reaction in the same sample.
The internal normalization of product to substrate
reduces the effects of sampling errors and results
in highly precise measurements. The separation
of product from substrate also minimizes effect
of fluorescent compounds on the assay readout.
The robustness of our assays is documented
by Z’ values higher than 0.75. The intrinsically
low background values also allow for a high
sensitivity of detection with minimal amounts of
substrate, enzyme and compound required. To
ensure the quality we utilize only the highest
quality proteins that we source from the most
reliable commercial vendors or produce in house.
MICROFLUIDICS-BASED DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
Olga Issakova
Executive Vice President
(408) 987-2004
oissakova@nanosyn.com
3. Accelerating your drug discovery
nanosyn.com
In contrast to other high throughput screening
fluorescence- and luminescence-based assays,
including Alpha-Screen, IMAP and Fluor de Lys, the
mobility shift assay tolerates significant levels of
auto- fluorescence associated with many chemical
compounds, allowing unambiguous detection of
positive compounds. An in-house set of compounds
clearly shows that the signature of auto-fluorescent
compounds was unmistakably different from that
of a positive inhibitor/activator trace. In addition,
the simultaneous detection of product and
substrate provides means for internal normalization
of individual enzymatic reactions, resulting in
significantly improved reproducibility.
THE PRINCIPLE OF MICROFLUIDIC DETECTION
Enzymatic reactions are performed in 384-well
microplates and the 12-channel Caliper LabChip
instrument is used as a detection device. The
enzymatic modification of a peptide results in a
change in net charge, enabling electrophoretic
separation of product from substrate. As substrate
and product are separated, two peaks of
fluorescence are observed. Change in the relative
fluorescence intensity of the substrate and product
peaks is the parameter measured, reflecting
enzyme activity. In the presence of an inhibitor, the
ratio between product and substrate is altered: the
signal of the product decreases, while the signal of
the substrate increases.
Direct readout of enzyme activity by
monitoring product and substrate in
the same run
Easily identify fluorescent
compounds interfering with assays
High precision and reproducibility of
the data
Even weak inhibitors can be
readily identified
Low level of false positive and
false negatives
Applicable to a wide range of targets
Activators as well as inhibitors
readily identified in a single screen
ADVANTAGES
Enzyme
Labeled
substrate
384 well plate
w/compounds
P
S
S
Ac
K
K
Kinases or
Phosphatases
HATs or
HDACs
Peptidases
product
substrate
compound
Enzyme
Labeled
substrate
384 well plate
w/compounds
P
S
S
P
S
P
SS
SSS
Ac
K
K
Ac
K
Ac
KK
KKKK
Kinases or
Phosphatases
HATs or
HDACs
Peptidases
product
substrate
product
substrate
compoundcompound
Olga Issakova
Executive Vice President
(408) 987-2004
oissakova@nanosyn.com
4. nanosyn.com
Accelerating your drug discovery
ABL1 ABL1 c-abl oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase
AKT1 AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1
AKT2 AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2
AKT3 AKT3 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (protein kinase B, gamma)
ALK ALK anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase
AMP-A1B1G1 PRKAA1 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit
AMP-A2B1G1 PRKAA2 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit
ARG ABL2 v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2
ARK5 NUAK1 NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase, 1
AURORA-A AURKA aurora kinase A
AURORA-B AURKB aurora kinase B
AURORA-C AURKC aurora kinase C
AXL AXL AXL receptor tyrosine kinase
BLK BLK B lymphoid tyrosine kinase
BMX BMX BMX non-receptor tyrosine kinase
BRAF BRAF v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1
BRK PTK6 PTK6 protein tyrosine kinase 6
BRSK1 BRSK1 BR serine/threonine kinase 1
BRSK2 BRSK2 BR serine/threonine kinase 2
BTK BTK Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase
CAMK1A CAMK1 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I
CAMK1D CAMK1D calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ID
CAMK2A CAMK2A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha
CAMK2B CAMK2B calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II beta
CAMK2G CAMK2G calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma
CAMK2D CAMK2D calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta
CAMK4 CAMK4 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV
CDK1-CYCLINB CDK1 cyclin-dependent kinase 1 / cyclinB
CDK2-CYCLINA CDK2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 / cyclinA
CDK2-CYCLINE CDK2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 / cyclinE
CDK3-CYCLINE1 CDK3 cyclin-dependent kinase 3 / cyclinE1
CDK4-CYCLIND1 CDK4 cyclin-dependent kinase 4 / cyclinD1
CDK5-p35 CDK5 cyclin-dependent kinase 5 / p35
CDK5-p25 CDK5 cyclin-dependent kinase 5 / p25
CDK6-CYCLIND3 CDK6 cyclin-dependent kinase 6 / cyclinD3
CDK7/CICLINE H CDK7 cyclin-dependent kinase 7/cyclin H
CDK9/CYCLINE T1 CDK9 cyclin-dependent kinase 9 / cyclin T1
CHEK1 CHEK1 CHK1 checkpoint human homolog (S. pombe)
CHEK2 CHEK2 CHK2 checkpoint human homolog (S. pombe)
CK1-ALPHA1 CSNK1A1 casein kinase 1, alpha 1
CK1-EPSILON CSNK1E casein kinase 1, epsilon
CK1-GAMMA1 CSNK1G1 casein kinase 1, gamma 1
CK1-GAMMA2 CSNK1G2 casein kinase 1, gamma 2
CK1-GAMMA3 CSNK1G3 casein kinase 1, gamma 3
CK2 CSNK2A1 casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide
CLK1 CLK1 CDC-like kinase 1
CLK2 CLK2 CDC-like kinase 2
CLK3 CLK3 CDC-like kinase 3
Available Kinase Assays
Nanosyn Name Symbol Approved Name
Olga Issakova
Executive Vice President
(408) 987-2004
oissakova@nanosyn.com
10. nanosyn.com
Accelerating your drug discovery
PDE1A1 PDE1A1 phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent
PDE1B PDE1B phosphodiesterase 1B, calmodulin-dependent
PDE1C PDE1C phosphodiesterase 1C, calmodulin-dependent 70kDa
PDE2A PDE2A phosphodiesterase 2A, cGMP-stimulated
PDE3A PDE3A phosphodiesterase 3A, cGMP-inhibited
PDE3B PDE3B phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited
PDE4A1A PDE4A phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP-specific
PDE4B1 PDE4B phosphodiesterase 4B, cAMP-specific
PDE4B2
PDE4C1 PDE4C phosphodiesterase 4C, cAMP-specific
PDE4D2
PDE4D3
PDE4D7
PDE5A1 PDE5A phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific
Available PDE Assays
Nanosyn Name Symbol Approved Name
Olga Issakova
Executive Vice President
(408) 987-2004
oissakova@nanosyn.com
11. CD45 PTPRC protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C
LAR PTPRF protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, F
PTP-Beta PTPRB protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, B
PTP-MU PTPRM protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, M
PEST PCNP PEST proteolytic signal containing nuclear protein
SHP-1 NR0B2 nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2
PTP1B PTPN1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1
TC-PTP PTPN2 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2
PTP-D2 PTGDR2 prostaglandin D2 receptor 2
PTEN PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog
VHR DUSP3 dual specificity phosphatase 3
SHIP2 INPPL1 inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1
MEG1
MEG2
BAS
LMPTP-A
PP2AC
nanosyn.com
Available Phosphate Assays
Nanosyn Approved Symbol Approved Name
Accelerating your drug discovery
Olga Issakova
Executive Vice President
(408) 987-2004
oissakova@nanosyn.com