Image processing involves converting images to digital form and performing operations to enhance or extract information. It treats images as 2D signals and applies algorithms. The main purposes are visualization, sharpening/restoration, retrieval, pattern measurement, and recognition. Visualization creates images to observe invisible objects. Sharpening/restoration compensates for defects like blur and noise. Retrieval finds images matching user requests. Pattern measurement quantifies objects in images. Recognition identifies objects/features in images or video. Advantages include improved quality, ability to process degraded images, customization, and mathematical operations. Disadvantages are storage/processing requirements, environmental degradation impacts, and difficult segmentation. Applications include criminology, medicine, military, transportation, and

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING

2. IMAGE PROCESSING
• Method to convert an image into digital form
and perform some operations in it, in order to
get an enhanced image or to extract some
useful information from it.
• Type of signal dispensation.
• input (video/photograph) output
image Image /characteristics

3. • Technology of applying a number of computer
algorithms to process digital images.
• In image processing system usually images are
treated as 2D signals.

5. Purpose of image processing
• Visualization
– -observe the object that are not visible.
• Image sharpening and restoration
– -to create a better image.
• Image retrieval
– -seek for the image of interest.
• Measurement of pattern
– -measures various objects in an image.
• Image recognition
– -distinguish the objects in an image.

6. VISUALIZATION
• Visualization is any technique in creating
images while image processing uses signals for
which the result in an image.

8. IMAGE SHARPENING AND
RESTORATION
• The purpose of image restoration is to
"compensate for" or "undo" defects which
degrade an image.
• Degradation comes in many forms such as
motion blur, noise, and camera misfocus.

10. Image retrieval
• The image retrieval system is used for
retrieving images related to the user request
from the database.

12. Measurement of pattern

13. • Image pattern recognition is the problem of exploring
how to recognize image patterns.
• An image pattern recognition system generally consists
of four parts:
• a camera that acquires the image samples to be
classified,
• an image preprocessor that improves the qualities of
images,
• a feature extraction mechanism that gains
discriminative features from images for recognition,
• and a classification scheme that classifies the image
samples based on the extracted features.

14. Image recognition
• Image recognition is the process of identifying
an object or a feature in an image or video. It
is used in many applications like defect
detection, medical imaging, and security
surveillance.

16. ADVANTAGES
• Improves visual quality of an image and
distribution of intensity.
• It can easily process a degraded image of
uncoverable objects.
• It can process an image in such a way that the
result is more suitable than the original image.
• An image can be easily modified using a
number of techniques.

17. • The image compression technique reduces the
amount of data required to represent a digital
image.
• Mathematical and logical operations can be
performed on an image like addition,subtraction
etc.
• The image segmentation is used to detect
discontinuity, the presence or absence of specific
anomolies like missing components or broken
connection path.

18. DISADVANTAGES
• Requires so much storage and processing
power.
• Progress in this field depends on development
of digital computers and supporting
technologies like data storage,display and
transmission.
• Effect of environmental conditions may
degrade the image quality.

19. • It involves various types of redundancy like
data redundancy and inter pixel redundancy.
• Segmentation of non trivial image is very
difficult.

20. applications
• Criminology/forensics
• Medical imaging
• Remote sensing
• Military
• transportation