beta lactam antibiotics

1. BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
Penicillins
Cephalosporins

2. 1.Natural Penicillins
Include Penicillin G and its preparations
• Sod. penicilllin G (crystalline penicillin)
• Procaine penicillin G
• Benzathine penicillin G
2. Semisynthetic Penicillins
Classification of penicillins

3. • Acid resistant Pn
Phenoxymethyl Pn (penicillin V)
• Penicillinase resistant Pn
Methicillin, Cloxacillin, Oxacillin,
Nafcillin
• Extended spectrum Pn
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Carbenicillin,
Piperacillin
Semisynthetic penicillins

4. CEPHALOSPORINS

5. 1. First generation
Cephalexin, Cefazolin
2. Second generation
Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, cefaclor
3. Third generation
Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone
4. Fourth generation
Cefipime, cefpirome

6. Mechanism of Action of
β lactams
• Bactericidal
• Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial
cell wall
Inhibits transpeptidase
↓
Inhibits cross linking of
peptidoglycan

7. • Streptococcal infections
pharyngitis, otitis media
• Pneumococcal pneumonia
• Meningitis
• Gonorrhoea Procaine Pn
• Syphillis Procaine/benzathine Pn
• Urinary tract infection ampicillin
• Anthrax
• Prophylaxis against rheumatic fever:
IM benzathine penicillin every 4 wks
Uses of penicillins

8. Irreversible inhibitor of ß lactamase
• Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid
• Ampicillin+sulbactum
β- lactamase inhibitors
Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactum
Uses: ß lactamase producing
staphylococci, H.influenza,
N.gonorrhoea etc.

9. • Hypersensitivity-Anaphylaxis
Rashes, itching,fever, angioedema,
bronchospasm
• Ampicillin- pseudomembranous
enterocoloits, diarrhea, rashes
Adverse Effects of penicillins