1) The pasta factory is facing increasing customer demand that exceeds its production capacity due to outdated equipment.
2) New technology allows for higher production capacity using lower quality ingredients, but requires different skills and labor than the current factory's outdated equipment.
3) Introducing new technology and expanding production would require overcoming resistance from employees accustomed to current methods and addressing concerns about job losses in the local community.
With changing lifestyle and increasing demand of the convenience food, this segment of dairy is
becoming extremely essential and it is expected to grow further because of its capability to
solve the problems associated with this perishable product. The manufactured dairy product
i.e. Dried Milk Powder results when the water is removed by boiling the milk under reduced
pressure at low temperature in a process known as evaporation. When we talk of Dried milk
powder we generally talk of Whole milk powder(WMP) and Skim milk powder (SMP).
Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by
evaporation from a solid, slurry or liquid. The science behind drying is that dry air comes in
contact with food and absorbs some of the moisture from the food. This air then has to be
blown away and be replaced with dry air so that the process of extracting moisture from the
food can continue until the food is dry.
Cogeneration operations can be improved by reducing moisture content at milling and also later using dryer with flue gases. Energy generation with sugarcane bagasse and trash has the potential to supply a substantial amount of electricity. However, this potential has not been fully developed. There is the need to develop the necessary technology (strategy and equipment) to implement trash recovery and its use as supplementary fuel to bagasse at sugarcane mills, at attractive cost and without hindering mill operations. If this can be done, it will be possible to produce electric energy around the year, selling guaranteed electricity on a profitable basis to end consumers.
The project topic is Ceramic Coated Non-Stick Fry Pan. In this project, I have explained how to produce ceramic-coated non-stick pans. Besides, there are various non-stick pan is available in the market these days; for this reason, I have explained which non-stick pan is better & maintains health awareness. You will be able to buy a perfect non-stick pan after reviewing this project as well.
Project Scope&Project Resources, Schedule, and Cost(.docxwoodruffeloisa
Project Scope
&
Project Resources, Schedule, and Cost
(Cooperative Milk Collecting Center)
Table of Contents
Up Dated Project Scope (Cooperative Milk Collecting Center)
Project Outcome……………………….…………………………………………….…….….……………..8
Requirements Traceability Matrix…..…..…….………………………………………………….….9
Project Scope Statement ……….……….………………………………………………………………12
Work Breakdown Structure……….…………………………………………………………………….13
Work Breakdown Dictionary………….……………………………..………………………...……...14
Project Resource Management……………………………………………………………………..…18
Project Schedule…………………………………………………………………………………………..….22
Project Cost………………………………………………………………………………………………………26
Project Outcome
This project is development of new business suggested and established from American Farmers Association as a partnership with one of the largest food organization in the middle East named Carrefour, Mr. Gorge Stuard the Head of Investment and development Sector in the organization , the one who will be responsible for following up funding provided by his organization required to execute the project. The Product will be directly under supervision from USFDA, to be sure for the safety of the Milk product before doing any sale to the consumer in the local market. The main idea of the project is to buy the milk from farmers and collected and stored it large frediges tanks dedicated for this purpose to maintain the validity of the milk for long as possible around four weeks. The milk before storage will go through a process to purified from any impurities after filtering and treatment of any harmful bacteria. Next step is to be packaged and sold in the local market under a trade name called Golden Milk. This profitable project distributes profits as follows:
1- 70% to the investor Carrefour Organization which is fully given the funds to execute the project.
2- 30% of the profits to the American Farmers Association in return providing the land on an area of 5,000 M2, they will responsible to do agreement with farmers to buy the milk from them on behalf of CMCC, in addition the Administration and full management of the Milk Collection & Processing Center furthermore, providing technical expertise, manpower and specialized team in marketing for the product . Also, they have to follow up all the necessary procedures inquired to take approvals from government authorities to approve the project execution and the commercial name of the milk product.
The project aims to build milk processing machines that will process the milk collected from different farmers to add value and packages it before selling it to retail shops and supermarket. Through processing, which adds value, the shelf life and prices of milk increases, and this help in profit maximization. The project will be particularly helpful and significant to the smallholder dairy producers because it will be collecting milk from them before processing. Payments that dairy farmers will be getting will help them increase ...
Worldwide increase in Rice production, volatility in international rice prices and declining profits has forced millers to rethink about their operation strategies and look for the ideas that will make them more competitive than competition.
The future belongs to the millers who recognize the aforesaid uncertainties and initiate efforts to reduce “PROCESSING COST WHILE MAINTAINING QUALITY” to get an edge over the competition.
Factors described below are directed towards this aim only;
1. Build to bring Reliability & Economy in Operation
2. Effectiveness of Paddy Purchase & Storage
3. Efficiency in Operation
4. Production Centric Quality Lab
5. Reduce Power Cost
6. Forward and Backward Integration
7. Good House Keeping & Sanitation
With changing lifestyle and increasing demand of the convenience food, this segment of dairy is
becoming extremely essential and it is expected to grow further because of its capability to
solve the problems associated with this perishable product. The manufactured dairy product
i.e. Dried Milk Powder results when the water is removed by boiling the milk under reduced
pressure at low temperature in a process known as evaporation. When we talk of Dried milk
powder we generally talk of Whole milk powder(WMP) and Skim milk powder (SMP).
Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by
evaporation from a solid, slurry or liquid. The science behind drying is that dry air comes in
contact with food and absorbs some of the moisture from the food. This air then has to be
blown away and be replaced with dry air so that the process of extracting moisture from the
food can continue until the food is dry.
Cogeneration operations can be improved by reducing moisture content at milling and also later using dryer with flue gases. Energy generation with sugarcane bagasse and trash has the potential to supply a substantial amount of electricity. However, this potential has not been fully developed. There is the need to develop the necessary technology (strategy and equipment) to implement trash recovery and its use as supplementary fuel to bagasse at sugarcane mills, at attractive cost and without hindering mill operations. If this can be done, it will be possible to produce electric energy around the year, selling guaranteed electricity on a profitable basis to end consumers.
The project topic is Ceramic Coated Non-Stick Fry Pan. In this project, I have explained how to produce ceramic-coated non-stick pans. Besides, there are various non-stick pan is available in the market these days; for this reason, I have explained which non-stick pan is better & maintains health awareness. You will be able to buy a perfect non-stick pan after reviewing this project as well.
Project Scope&Project Resources, Schedule, and Cost(.docxwoodruffeloisa
Project Scope
&
Project Resources, Schedule, and Cost
(Cooperative Milk Collecting Center)
Table of Contents
Up Dated Project Scope (Cooperative Milk Collecting Center)
Project Outcome……………………….…………………………………………….…….….……………..8
Requirements Traceability Matrix…..…..…….………………………………………………….….9
Project Scope Statement ……….……….………………………………………………………………12
Work Breakdown Structure……….…………………………………………………………………….13
Work Breakdown Dictionary………….……………………………..………………………...……...14
Project Resource Management……………………………………………………………………..…18
Project Schedule…………………………………………………………………………………………..….22
Project Cost………………………………………………………………………………………………………26
Project Outcome
This project is development of new business suggested and established from American Farmers Association as a partnership with one of the largest food organization in the middle East named Carrefour, Mr. Gorge Stuard the Head of Investment and development Sector in the organization , the one who will be responsible for following up funding provided by his organization required to execute the project. The Product will be directly under supervision from USFDA, to be sure for the safety of the Milk product before doing any sale to the consumer in the local market. The main idea of the project is to buy the milk from farmers and collected and stored it large frediges tanks dedicated for this purpose to maintain the validity of the milk for long as possible around four weeks. The milk before storage will go through a process to purified from any impurities after filtering and treatment of any harmful bacteria. Next step is to be packaged and sold in the local market under a trade name called Golden Milk. This profitable project distributes profits as follows:
1- 70% to the investor Carrefour Organization which is fully given the funds to execute the project.
2- 30% of the profits to the American Farmers Association in return providing the land on an area of 5,000 M2, they will responsible to do agreement with farmers to buy the milk from them on behalf of CMCC, in addition the Administration and full management of the Milk Collection & Processing Center furthermore, providing technical expertise, manpower and specialized team in marketing for the product . Also, they have to follow up all the necessary procedures inquired to take approvals from government authorities to approve the project execution and the commercial name of the milk product.
The project aims to build milk processing machines that will process the milk collected from different farmers to add value and packages it before selling it to retail shops and supermarket. Through processing, which adds value, the shelf life and prices of milk increases, and this help in profit maximization. The project will be particularly helpful and significant to the smallholder dairy producers because it will be collecting milk from them before processing. Payments that dairy farmers will be getting will help them increase ...
Worldwide increase in Rice production, volatility in international rice prices and declining profits has forced millers to rethink about their operation strategies and look for the ideas that will make them more competitive than competition.
The future belongs to the millers who recognize the aforesaid uncertainties and initiate efforts to reduce “PROCESSING COST WHILE MAINTAINING QUALITY” to get an edge over the competition.
Factors described below are directed towards this aim only;
1. Build to bring Reliability & Economy in Operation
2. Effectiveness of Paddy Purchase & Storage
3. Efficiency in Operation
4. Production Centric Quality Lab
5. Reduce Power Cost
6. Forward and Backward Integration
7. Good House Keeping & Sanitation
Crafting authentic Kulfi is an art that blends tradition with innovation. Our Kulfi manufacturing process combines time-honored recipes with modern techniques to create indulgent frozen desserts rich in flavor and texture. With quality ingredients and meticulous attention to detail, each batch embodies the essence of India's culinary heritage, delivering a delightful taste experience that captivates palates worldwide.
Over the last few months the team at Milling and Grain have travelled the globe meeting millers. Today we present the highlights from our tour, in the form of four very different mills
Crafting frozen delights demands meticulous processing: from sourcing premium ingredients to precision freezing techniques, ensuring each scoop delivers irresistible flavor and texture. Our commitment to excellence transforms mere desserts into memorable indulgences.
Efficient warehouse operations demand reliable equipment. From forklifts to pallet racks, our comprehensive selection of warehouse equipment ensures seamless handling, storage, and distribution, optimizing productivity and safety in every step of your supply chain.
Stay Ahead of the Curve with Our Weekly Food-Tech Insights: Your Gateway to the Latest Innovations, Trends, and Industry buzz!
Investing in High Quality Tapioca Flour in Uganda : The Why, How, What with a...Akullu
Cassava has been a ''poor man's'' crop in Uganda for the last several years despite the fact that it is grown by 50% of the population as a household crop. Little is known about this product except that it has resilience to harsh weather and can serve well as a famine crop . Research from NRI in partnership with FUNAAB Nigeria and Africa Innovations Institute in Uganda seeks to change this. Cassava as a crop has over 100 different uses in products along various value chains.Ugandans are slowly embracing this new ''White gold'' as it promises to be the crop that lifts millions out of poverty by reducing dependence on imports especially of wheat flour and raw material starches.
When Convenience Calls for A Fresh-Keeping Flatbread | Middle Easy FoodNutrition & Biosciences
Consumer demand for convenience is changing the tradition for consuming artisanal flatbreads on the day they are made. Busy lifestyles have created a demand for flatbreads that can stay fresh for several days. That’s an opportunity with big potential for industrial manufacturers. To get started, they need a recipe that not only gives a longer shelf life, but also does it without putting up the price.
The hydration of grains is a critical process in the manufacture of Maheu, a grain-based drink widely consumed across Africa. Heating and mixing is a key aspect of the hydration process but an area where to date we have seen minimal change from the status quo. Steam jacketed vessels and agitation are the de facto method for heating products but manufacturers are turning to Steam Infusion advanced heating and mixing as a break from the traditional to process faster with quality benefits.
Biodegradable and Compostable Disposable Cups and PlatesAjjay Kumar Gupta
Biodegradable and Compostable Disposable Cups and Plates from Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw. Production of single-use Disposable Foodservice Products.
Bagasse is remoulded to a kind of paper that is used to make plates, cups and glasses. Recyclability, lightweight, and other physical attributes of disposable cups will continue to make them the foremost choice of packaging food products. Disposable cups are designed to hold both, hot and cold, substances, which further propels their applicability in global food & beverage industry. However, a majority of disposable cups are made from plastic materials to reduce chances of food contamination. This raises concerns regarding impact of such plastic cups on the environment, whether in terms of rising production or from dumping waste plastic disposable cups.
See more
https://goo.gl/oqr1YG
https://goo.gl/UfpDHo
https://goo.gl/MBJMFH
https://goo.gl/Sb9ghy
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Biodegradable Plates, Biodegradable Cup Making, Biodegradable Plates Making, Biodegradable Plates Manufacture, Eco Friendly Disposable Plates, How to Make Biodegradable Plates, Sugarcane Plates Making Machine In India, Biodegradable, Recyclable and Compostable Disposables, Biodegradable Food Plates and Cups, Eco Friendly Biodegradable Plates and Cups, Biodegradable Products, Manufacturing of Disposable Cups and Plates, Project Report on Biodegradable Cups and Plates, Eco Friendly Products, Production of Biodegradable Plates, Single-Use Disposable Foodservice Products, Foodservice Cup, Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics, Biodegradable Disposable Cups and Plates Using Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw, Wheat Straw Disposable Plates and Bowls from Eco-Products, Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw Based Disposable Plates and Bowls, Single-Use Disposable Foodservice Products, Biodegradable and Compostable Disposable Cups and Plates from Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw, Disposable Products, Foodservice Single-Use Products, Foodservice Products, Single-Use Products, Biodegradable Paper Cup, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Process, Production of Biodegradable Plastic Cups, Production of Biodegradable Disposable Products, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing project ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small scale industries projects ideas, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Project profile on small scale industries, How to Start Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Industry in India, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Projects,
Extrusion is simply an act of forcing material through a die. High cooking temperature, pressure, and moisture transforms the raw material into cooked and formed products.
Cereals like maize, rice, wheat, and millets are staple food grains for a majority of the population in the world. These are the fruitful source of carbohydrates & the supply of calories as well as other nutrients to the consumers. Apart from value extension by processing to conventional products from these grains, the development of More new products offers convenience, quality, variety, Cost efficiency, and Scope for enhancing nutritional value.
Farmer, miller, baker – they always look for optimum quality when it comes to ‘their’ grains, flour and bread. And furthermore, the very best baking results at the end of the grain chain depend to a large extent on the quality of the raw materials used. When it comes to choosing these raw materials, a number of factors play a role: the composition and properties of the ingredients, factors relating to processing technology, and, when it comes to the end result, the quality of the flour as a complete network medium.
2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403389/View 1/12
Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes
Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes
Did you know ....
Did you know soil fertility or the ability for a soil to provide nutrients is seated in the type of minerals it
contains? Chapter 8 will cover the various types of soil colloids including all the layer and non-layer
silicates, cation exchange, anion exchange, and sorption.
Lecture content notes are accompanied by videos listed below the notes in each submodule (e.g. Soil
Colloids (Chapter 8) Videos A though H). Print or download lecture notes then view videos in
succession alongside lecture content and add additional notes from each video. The start of each
video is noted in parenthesis (e.g. Content for Video A) within each lecture note set and contains
lecture content through the note for the next video (e.g. Content for Video B).
Figures and tables unless specifically referrenced are from the course text, Nature and Property of
Soils, 14th Edition, Brady and Weil.
Content Video A
Soil Colloids
Smallest soil particles < 1 µm
Surface area - LARGE
Surface charge - CEC
Adsorb water
AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S) LH
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/navigateContent/176/Previous?pId=60403304
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2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
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Types of Colloids
Crystalline Silicate clays: ordered, crystalline, layers
Non-crystalline silicate clays: non-ordered, layers, volcanic
Iron/Aluminum Oxides – weathered soils, less CEC
Humus – OM, not mineral or crystalline, high CEC
Soil Colloids
Content Video B
Layer Silicates - Construction
Phyllosillicates
Tetrahedral Sheets
1 Si with 4 Oxygen
Share basal oxygen
Form sheets
Octahedral Sheets
6 Oxygen with Al3+ or Mg 2+
Di T i O t h d l b d # f di ti i
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2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403389/View 3/12
Di or Tri Octahedral based on # of coordinating ions
http://web.utk.edu/~drtd0c/Soil%20Colloids.pdf
http://web.utk.edu/~drtd0c/Soil%20Colloids.pdf
2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
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Size .
More Related Content
Similar to 223 Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land by Andres Sous.docx
Crafting authentic Kulfi is an art that blends tradition with innovation. Our Kulfi manufacturing process combines time-honored recipes with modern techniques to create indulgent frozen desserts rich in flavor and texture. With quality ingredients and meticulous attention to detail, each batch embodies the essence of India's culinary heritage, delivering a delightful taste experience that captivates palates worldwide.
Over the last few months the team at Milling and Grain have travelled the globe meeting millers. Today we present the highlights from our tour, in the form of four very different mills
Crafting frozen delights demands meticulous processing: from sourcing premium ingredients to precision freezing techniques, ensuring each scoop delivers irresistible flavor and texture. Our commitment to excellence transforms mere desserts into memorable indulgences.
Efficient warehouse operations demand reliable equipment. From forklifts to pallet racks, our comprehensive selection of warehouse equipment ensures seamless handling, storage, and distribution, optimizing productivity and safety in every step of your supply chain.
Stay Ahead of the Curve with Our Weekly Food-Tech Insights: Your Gateway to the Latest Innovations, Trends, and Industry buzz!
Investing in High Quality Tapioca Flour in Uganda : The Why, How, What with a...Akullu
Cassava has been a ''poor man's'' crop in Uganda for the last several years despite the fact that it is grown by 50% of the population as a household crop. Little is known about this product except that it has resilience to harsh weather and can serve well as a famine crop . Research from NRI in partnership with FUNAAB Nigeria and Africa Innovations Institute in Uganda seeks to change this. Cassava as a crop has over 100 different uses in products along various value chains.Ugandans are slowly embracing this new ''White gold'' as it promises to be the crop that lifts millions out of poverty by reducing dependence on imports especially of wheat flour and raw material starches.
When Convenience Calls for A Fresh-Keeping Flatbread | Middle Easy FoodNutrition & Biosciences
Consumer demand for convenience is changing the tradition for consuming artisanal flatbreads on the day they are made. Busy lifestyles have created a demand for flatbreads that can stay fresh for several days. That’s an opportunity with big potential for industrial manufacturers. To get started, they need a recipe that not only gives a longer shelf life, but also does it without putting up the price.
The hydration of grains is a critical process in the manufacture of Maheu, a grain-based drink widely consumed across Africa. Heating and mixing is a key aspect of the hydration process but an area where to date we have seen minimal change from the status quo. Steam jacketed vessels and agitation are the de facto method for heating products but manufacturers are turning to Steam Infusion advanced heating and mixing as a break from the traditional to process faster with quality benefits.
Biodegradable and Compostable Disposable Cups and PlatesAjjay Kumar Gupta
Biodegradable and Compostable Disposable Cups and Plates from Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw. Production of single-use Disposable Foodservice Products.
Bagasse is remoulded to a kind of paper that is used to make plates, cups and glasses. Recyclability, lightweight, and other physical attributes of disposable cups will continue to make them the foremost choice of packaging food products. Disposable cups are designed to hold both, hot and cold, substances, which further propels their applicability in global food & beverage industry. However, a majority of disposable cups are made from plastic materials to reduce chances of food contamination. This raises concerns regarding impact of such plastic cups on the environment, whether in terms of rising production or from dumping waste plastic disposable cups.
See more
https://goo.gl/oqr1YG
https://goo.gl/UfpDHo
https://goo.gl/MBJMFH
https://goo.gl/Sb9ghy
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Biodegradable Plates, Biodegradable Cup Making, Biodegradable Plates Making, Biodegradable Plates Manufacture, Eco Friendly Disposable Plates, How to Make Biodegradable Plates, Sugarcane Plates Making Machine In India, Biodegradable, Recyclable and Compostable Disposables, Biodegradable Food Plates and Cups, Eco Friendly Biodegradable Plates and Cups, Biodegradable Products, Manufacturing of Disposable Cups and Plates, Project Report on Biodegradable Cups and Plates, Eco Friendly Products, Production of Biodegradable Plates, Single-Use Disposable Foodservice Products, Foodservice Cup, Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics, Biodegradable Disposable Cups and Plates Using Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw, Wheat Straw Disposable Plates and Bowls from Eco-Products, Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw Based Disposable Plates and Bowls, Single-Use Disposable Foodservice Products, Biodegradable and Compostable Disposable Cups and Plates from Sugarcane Bagasse and Wheat Straw, Disposable Products, Foodservice Single-Use Products, Foodservice Products, Single-Use Products, Biodegradable Paper Cup, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Process, Production of Biodegradable Plastic Cups, Production of Biodegradable Disposable Products, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing project ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small scale industries projects ideas, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Project profile on small scale industries, How to Start Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Industry in India, Biodegradable Plates and Cups Manufacturing Projects,
Extrusion is simply an act of forcing material through a die. High cooking temperature, pressure, and moisture transforms the raw material into cooked and formed products.
Cereals like maize, rice, wheat, and millets are staple food grains for a majority of the population in the world. These are the fruitful source of carbohydrates & the supply of calories as well as other nutrients to the consumers. Apart from value extension by processing to conventional products from these grains, the development of More new products offers convenience, quality, variety, Cost efficiency, and Scope for enhancing nutritional value.
Farmer, miller, baker – they always look for optimum quality when it comes to ‘their’ grains, flour and bread. And furthermore, the very best baking results at the end of the grain chain depend to a large extent on the quality of the raw materials used. When it comes to choosing these raw materials, a number of factors play a role: the composition and properties of the ingredients, factors relating to processing technology, and, when it comes to the end result, the quality of the flour as a complete network medium.
Similar to 223 Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land by Andres Sous.docx (20)
2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403389/View 1/12
Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes
Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes
Did you know ....
Did you know soil fertility or the ability for a soil to provide nutrients is seated in the type of minerals it
contains? Chapter 8 will cover the various types of soil colloids including all the layer and non-layer
silicates, cation exchange, anion exchange, and sorption.
Lecture content notes are accompanied by videos listed below the notes in each submodule (e.g. Soil
Colloids (Chapter 8) Videos A though H). Print or download lecture notes then view videos in
succession alongside lecture content and add additional notes from each video. The start of each
video is noted in parenthesis (e.g. Content for Video A) within each lecture note set and contains
lecture content through the note for the next video (e.g. Content for Video B).
Figures and tables unless specifically referrenced are from the course text, Nature and Property of
Soils, 14th Edition, Brady and Weil.
Content Video A
Soil Colloids
Smallest soil particles < 1 µm
Surface area - LARGE
Surface charge - CEC
Adsorb water
AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S) LH
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/navigateContent/176/Previous?pId=60403304
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/navigateContent/176/Next?pId=60403304
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=8094442&type=content&rcode=TBR-23958617
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/home/8094442
2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403389/View 2/12
Types of Colloids
Crystalline Silicate clays: ordered, crystalline, layers
Non-crystalline silicate clays: non-ordered, layers, volcanic
Iron/Aluminum Oxides – weathered soils, less CEC
Humus – OM, not mineral or crystalline, high CEC
Soil Colloids
Content Video B
Layer Silicates - Construction
Phyllosillicates
Tetrahedral Sheets
1 Si with 4 Oxygen
Share basal oxygen
Form sheets
Octahedral Sheets
6 Oxygen with Al3+ or Mg 2+
Di T i O t h d l b d # f di ti i
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=8094442&type=content&rcode=TBR-23958618
2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403389/View 3/12
Di or Tri Octahedral based on # of coordinating ions
http://web.utk.edu/~drtd0c/Soil%20Colloids.pdf
http://web.utk.edu/~drtd0c/Soil%20Colloids.pdf
2/21/2020 Soil Colloids (Chapter 8) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)
https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403389/View 4/12
Size .
20 Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical AttentionV-c.docxRAJU852744
20 Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention
V-codes and z-codes
V-codes and Z-codes are conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention but are not considered mental disorders. They correspond to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ICD-9-CM (V-codes) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ICD-10-CM (Z-codes that become effective in 2015. In most instances, third-party payers do not cover charges for delivering services to an individual if the diagnosis is solely a V- or Z-code alone. If the V- or Z-code is not the primary diagnosis then it should be documented following the primary diagnosis. In addition, when writing the psychosocial assessment any psychosocial and cultural factors that might impact the client's diagnosis should be documented. The psychosocial stressors reflected in these diagnoses are widespread across all classes and cultures and have been shown to impact all aspects of an individual's life from the physical and psychological to the financial. Furthermore, these conditions have been shown to significantly impact the diagnosis and outcome for a multitude of mental and medical disorders. V- and Z-codes are grouped into numerous categories including: relational problems, problems related to abuse/neglect, educational and occupational problems, housing and economic problems, problems related to the social environment, problems related to the legal system, other counseling services, other psychosocial, personal and environmental problems, and problems of personal history (APA, 2013).
Broadly speaking, the category “Relational Problems” describes interactional problems between family members (e.g., parent/caregiver-child) or partners that result in significant impairment of family functioning or development of symptoms in the distressed individual, spouses, siblings, or other family members. Relational problems are broken down into two categories, Problems Related to Family Upbringing and Other Problems Related to Primary Support Group. For example, in the first category a Parent-Child Relational Problem involves interactional problems between one or both parents and a child that lead to dysfunction in behavioral (e.g., inadequate protection, overprotection), cognitive (e.g., antagonism toward or blaming of the other) or affective (e.g., feeling sad and angry) realms. Here, the critical factor is the quality of the parent-child relationship or when the dysfunction in this relationship is impacting the course and outcome of a psychological or medical condition. Other examples include Sibling Relational Problem, Upbringing Away from Parents, and Child Affected by Parental Relationship Distress. Similarly, family relationships and interactional patterns leading to problems related to primary support group include Partner Relational Problem, Disruption of Family by Separation/Divorce, High Expressed Emotion Level with.
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Organization Name: Insta-Buy
Insta-Buy is an E-Commerce Multinational American company. It was founded in 2010 and is based in Atlanta, Georgia. It mainly operates with grocery delivery and pick up and it offers services through web application and mobile application to various states in United States. It is one of the major online marketplaces for grocery delivery. The company is valued at $1 billion worth and has partnership with over 150 retailers. It is known for its fresh produce and timely delivery and pickup.
Predictive Analysis at Insta-Buy:
The predictive analytics is termed as what is likely to happen in the future. The predictive analytics is based on statistical and data mining technique. The aim of this technique is to predict the future of the project such as what would be the customer reaction on project, financial need, etc. In developing predictive analytical application, a number of techniques are used such as classification algorithms. The classification techniques are logistic regression, decision tree models and neural network. Clustering algorithms are used to segment customers in different groups which helps to target specific promotions to them. To estimate the relationship between different purchasing behavior, association mining technique is used (Mehra, 2014). As an example, for any product on Amazon.com results in the retailer also suggesting similar products that a customer might be interested in. Predictive analytics can be used in E-commerce to solve the following problems
1. Improve customer engagement and increase revenue
1. Launch promotions that target specific customer group
1. Optimizing prices to generate maximum profits
1. Keep proper inventory and reduce over stalking
1. Minimizing fraud happenings and protecting privacy
1. Provide batter customer service at low cost
1. Analyze data and make decision in real time
TOPICS:
Student: Ahmed
Topic: Bayesian Networks (Predicting Sales In E-commerce Using Bayesian Network Model)
Student: Meet
Topic: Predictive Analysis
Student: Peter
Topic: Privacy and Confidentiality in an e-Commerce World: Data Mining, Data Warehousing, Matching and Disclosure Limitation
Student: Nayeem
Topic: Ensemble Modeling
Student: Shek
Topic: L.Jack & Y.D. Tsai, Using Text Mining of Amazon Reviews to Explore User-Defined Product Highlights and Issues.
Student: Suma
Topic: Deep Neural Networks
REFERENCES:
Olufunke Rebecca Vincent, A. S. (2017). A Cognitive Buying Decision-Making Process in B2B E-Commerce Using Analytic-MLP. Elsevier.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319278239_A_Cognitive_Buying_Decision-Making_Process_in_B2B_E-Commerce_Using_Analytic-MLP
Wan, C. C. (2017). Forcasting E-commerce Key Performance Indicators
https://beta.vu.nl/nl/Images/stageverslag-wan_tcm235-867619.pdf
Fienberg, S. (2006). Privacy and Confidentiality in an e-Commerce World: Data Mining, Data Warehousing, Matching and Disclosure Limitation. Statistical Science, .
22-6 Reporting the Plight of Depression FamiliesMARTHA GELLHOR.docxRAJU852744
22-6 | Reporting the Plight of Depression Families
MARTHA GELLHORN, Field Report to Harry Hopkins (1934)
1. From Martha Gellhorn to Harry Hopkins, Report, Gaston County, North Carolina, November 11, 1934, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Harry Hopkins Papers, Box 66. Online transcript available at http://newdeal.feri.org/hopkins/hop08.htm.
Journalist and novelist Martha Gellhorn’s heartrending field report describing impoverished Gastonia, North Carolina, families vividly captures the desperate hope of depression-era families. Hired by Harry Hopkins, Franklin Roosevelt’s point man for federal relief efforts, Gellhorn detailed the enormous challenge facing the administration. Compounding the epic humanitarian crisis she encountered was the political opposition, which she singled out as one among many obstacles hampering relief efforts.
All during this trip [to North Carolina] I have been thinking to myself about that curious phrase “red menace,” and wondering where said menace hid itself. Every house I visited — mill worker or unemployed — had a picture of the President. These ranged from newspaper clippings (in destitute homes) to large colored prints, framed in gilt cardboard. The portrait holds the place of honour over the mantel. . . . He is at once God and their intimate friend; he knows them all by name, knows their little town and mill, their little lives and problems. And, though everything else fails, he is there, and will not let them down.
I have been seeing people who, according to almost any standard, have practically nothing in life and practically nothing to look forward to or hope for. But there is hope; confidence, something intangible and real: “the president isn’t going to forget us.”
Let me cite cases: I went to see a woman with five children who was living on relief ($3.40 a week). Her picture of the President was a small one, and she told me her oldest daughter had been married some months ago and had cried for the big, coloured picture as a wedding present. The children have no shoes and that woman is terrified of the coming cold as if it were a definite physical entity. There is practically no furniture left in the home, and you can imagine what and how they eat. But she said, suddenly brightening, “I’d give my heart to see the President. I know he means to do everything he can for us; but they make it hard for him; they won’t let him.” I note this case as something special; because here the faith was coupled with a feeling (entirely sympathetic) that the President was not entirely omnipotent.
I have been seeing mill workers; and in every mill when possible, the local Union president. There has been widespread discrimination in the south; and many mills haven’t re-opened since the strike. Those open often run on such curtailment that workers are getting from 2 to 3 days work a week. The price of food has risen (especially the kind of food they eat: fat-back bacon, flour, meal, sorghum) as high as 100%. It is getting cold;.
2018 4th International Conference on Green Technology and Sust.docxRAJU852744
2018 4th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD)
130
�
Abstract - The Vietnamese government have plan to develop the
wind farms with the expected capacity of 6 GW by 2030. With the
high penetration of wind power into power system, wind power
forecasting is essentially needed for a power generation
balancing in power system operation and electricity market.
However, such a tool is currently not available in Vietnamese
wind farms as well as electricity market. Therefore, a short-term
wind power forecasting tool for 24 hours has been created to fill
in this gap, using artificial neural network technique. The neural
network has been trained with past data recorded from 2015 to
2017 at Tuy Phong wind farm in Binh Thuan province of Viet
Nam. It has been tested for wind power prediction with the input
data from hourly weather forecast for the same wind farm. The
tool can be used for short-term wind power forecasting in
Vietnamese power system in a foreseeable future.
Keywords: power system; wind farm; wind power forecasting;
neural network; electricity market.
I. NECESITY OF WIND POWER FORECASTING
Today, the integration of wind power into the existing
grid is a big issue in power system operation. For the system
operators, power generation curve of wind turbines is a
necessary information in the power sources balancing. From
the dispatchers’ point of view, wind power forecast errors
will impact the system net imbalances when the share of
wind power increases, and more accurate forecasts mean less
regulating capacity will be activated from the real time
electricity market [1]. In the deregulated market, day-ahead
electricity spot prices are also affected by day-ahead wind
power forecasting [2]. Wind power forecasting is also
essential in reducing the power curtailment, supporting the
ancillary service. However, due to uncertainty of wind speed
and weather factors, the wind power is not easy to predict.
In recent years, many wind power forecasting methods
have been proposed. In [3], a review of different approaches
for short-term wind power forecasting has been introduced,
including statistical and physical methods with different
models such as WPMS, WPPT, Prediktor, Zephyr, WPFS,
ANEMOS, ARMINES, Ewind, Sipreolico. In [4], [5], the
methods, models of wind power forecasting and its impact on
*Research supported by Gesellschaft fuer Internationale
Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ).
D. T. Viet is with the University of Danang, Vietnam (email:
[email protected]).
V. V. Phuong is with the University of Danang, Vietnam (email:
[email protected]).
D. M. Quan is with the University of Danang, Vietnam (email:
[email protected]).
A. Kies is with the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Germany
(email: [email protected] uni-frankfurt.de).
B. U. Schyska is with the Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg,
Germany (email: [email protected]).
Y. K. Wu i.
202 S.W.3d 811Court of Appeals of Texas,San Antonio.PROG.docxRAJU852744
202 S.W.3d 811
Court of Appeals of Texas,
San Antonio.
PROGRESSIVE COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANY, Appellant,
v.
Hector Raul TREVINO and Mario Moyeda,
Appellees.
No. 04–05–00113–CV.
|
June 28, 2006.
|
Rehearing Overruled July 31, 2006.
.
200 wordsResearch Interest Lack of minorities in top level ma.docxRAJU852744
200 words
Research Interest: Lack of minorities in top level management positions
Describe why and how a qualitative approach may be appropriate for your area of interest for your research. Include a rationale for each proposed use of qualitative inquiry.
.
2019 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Tech.docxRAJU852744
2019 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI)
19 – 22 June 2019, Coimbra, Portugal
ISBN: 978-989-98434-9-3
How ISO 27001 can help achieve GDPR compliance
Isabel Maria Lopes
Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
UNIAG, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
ALGORITMI Centre, Minho University, Guimarães,
Portugal
[email protected]
Pedro Oliveira
Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
[email protected]
Teresa Guarda
Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena – UPSE, La
Libertad, Ecuador
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolqui,
Quito, Equador
ALGORITMI Centre, Minho University, Guimarães,
Portugal
[email protected]
Abstract — Personal Data Protection has been among the most
discussed topics lately and a reason for great concern among
organizations. The EU General Data Protection Regulation
(GDPR) is the most important change in data privacy regulation
in 20 years. The regulation will fundamentally reshape the way in
which data is handled across every sector. The organizations had
two years to implement it. As referred by many authors, the
implementation of the regulation has not been an easy task for
companies. The question we aim to answer in this study is how far
the implementation of ISO 27001 standards might represent a
facilitating factor to organizations for an easier compliance with
the regulation. In order to answer this question, several websites
(mostly of consulting companies) were analyzed, and the aspects
considered as facilitating are listed in this paper.
Keywords - regulation (EU) 2016/679; general data protection
regulation; ISO/IEC 27001.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, data protection has become a forefront issue
in cyber security. The issues introduced by recurring
organizational data breaches, social media and the Internet of
Things (IoT) have raised the stakes even further [1, 2]. The EU
GDPR, enforced from May 25 2018, is an attempt to address
such data protection. The GDPR makes for stronger, unified data
protection throughout the EU.
The EU GDPR states that organizations must adopt
appropriate policies, procedures and processes to protect the
personal data they hold.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 27000 series
is a set of information security standards that provide best-
practice recommendations for information security management
[3].
This international standard for information security, ISO
27001, provides an excellent starting point for achieving the
technical and operational requirements necessary to reduce the
risk of a breach.
Not all data is protected by the GDPR, since it is only
applicable to personal data. This is defined in Article 4 as
follows [4]:
“personal data” means any information relating to an
identified or identifiable natural person (’data subject’); an
identifiable.
200520201ORG30002 – Leadership Practice and Skills.docxRAJU852744
20/05/2020
1
ORG30002 – Leadership Practice
and Skills
Topic: Cross-cultural Leadership
Week 10
Readings for this week….
◦ Week 10 Topic: Cross-Cultural Leadership
◦ Chapter 11, Daft
◦ Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W., De Luque, M.S. & House R.J. (2006). In the eye of the beholder:
Cross cultural lessons in leadership from Project GLOBE - Academy of Management Perspect ive,
20(1), 67-90
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db
=bth&AN=19873410&site=ehost-live&scope=site
◦ Randel, A.E., et al. (2018). Inclusive leadership: Realizing posit ive outcomes through
belongingness and being valued for uniqueness, Human Resource Management Review, 28:190-
203. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.07.002
◦ Hoffman, R., Yeh, C. & Casnocha, B. (2019). Learn from People, Not Classes Whom do you know,
and what can they teach you? Harvard Business Review, Mar – Apr 2019.
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db
=bth&AN=134875248&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Work Force Trends
With more multi generational workplaces, work forces are becoming more
diverse and cultures of inclusion more common
Women leaders in Global Businesses showing an increasing trend
Globalization is compelling businesses to send more workers to other countries
Leaders are traveling and working abroad in greater numbers
Workers with international experience and skills are increasingly more sought-
after in the workplace
Visualising the Iceberg Model of Culture
(source:http://opengecko.com/interculturalism/visualising-the-iceberg-model-of-
culture/) The iceberg model of culture
has been arrived at through
the work of many theorists,
including those referenced
below:
◦ French, W., & Bell, C. (1995).
Organization development.
(5th Ed.). [Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice-Hall
International]
◦ Hall, E. T. (1976) Beyond
Culture [New York:
Doubleday]
◦ Selfridge, R., Sokolik, S.
(1975) “A comprehensive
v iew of organizational
management”. MSU
Business Topics, 23(1), 46-61
◦ Weaver, G. R. (1986).
“Understanding and coping
with cross-cultural
adjustment stress”. In Paige
R. M. (Ed.), Cross-Cultural
Orientation, New
Conceptualizations and
Applications. [Lanham, MD:
University Press of America]
https://monash.rl.talis.com/items/C3CF1A2F-948C-AA0D-89D9-8498251A8662.html?referrer=/lists/86EF2F87-E1BB-F832-BEB3-34F354D3DAC6.html?draft#item-C3CF1A2F-948C-AA0D-89D9-8498251A8662
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=19873410&site=ehost-live&scope=site
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.07.002
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=134875248&site=ehost-live&scope=site
20/05/2020
2
Who is a Multicultural Leader?
A leader with skills.
2/18/2020 Sample Content Topic
https://purdueglobal.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/115691/viewContent/9226875/View 1/1
Trouble at 3Forks
Introduction: The foreclosure process can differ for deeds
versus mortgages. You will conduct research to determine
these differences since it is not only covered in the real estate
exam, but it is important to know this process in professional
practice.
Scenario: Henri and Lila own a restaurant which the
government has caused to close due to widening the road in
front of their establishment. Since this is the main source of
their income, and has caused Lila and Henri to stop payments
on their mortgage, address the following questions.
Checklist:
Explain the action that Henri and Lila should expect from the
bank regarding their property.
Describe how the banks actions would differ if it was a deed of
trust rather than a mortgage.
Respond in a minimum of 600–850-word essay with additional
title and reference pages using APA format and citation style.
Access the Unit 4 Assignment grading rubric.
Submit your response to the Unit 4 Assignment Dropbox.
Assignment Details
https://kapextmediassl-a.akamaihd.net/business/MT431/1904c/rubrics/u4_rubric.pdf
Mitchell, Taylor N.
Donaldson, Jayda N
Recommended Presentation Outline
My Name is …
The title of my article is…
I found it in…
My article is relevant and interesting because….
The Economics Article
1
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MC
AC
$
X
D
MR
P*
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4
Economics
The study of the allocation of scarce resources: implies a cost to every action
Basic assumption
People are rational
People act to maximize their happiness
Economics is predictive
5
Economic Modeling
"The theory of economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine, an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking which helps its possessor to draw correct conclusions." (John Maynard Keynes)
P
Q
S
D
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7
Demand
Function of
Income
Tastes
Prices of Substitutes
Prices of Compliments
8
P
Q
D
Q*
P*
Q**
P**
9
P
Q
D
D1
P1
P2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
10
Price Elasticity of Demand
A measure of sensitivity of quantity demanded to a change in price
Q/Q)
(P/P)
Inelastic demand means that E is small
11
Supply
Function of
Costs of Production
Input Prices
Technology
12
P
Q
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S1
P1
P2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
13
P
Q
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D
Q*
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14
Utility Maximization
MAX U(F, N)
Subject to the budget constraint:
PnN + PfF = I
(with a little algebra)
N= I/Pn - (Pf / Pn) F
15
Good X
Y
I/PY
U2
U1
U3
16
Theory of the Firm
Firm Maximizes profits
Max: p = Revenue - Costs
Max: p = P(Q)* Q- C(Q)
First Order Conditions:
dp/dQ = P’(Q)*P + P(Q) - C’(Q) =0
P’(Q)*P + P(Q) = C’(Q)
Marginal Revenue = Marginal Costs
17
X
$
0
AC
MC
P1
Po
X1
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Assumptions of Perfect Competition
Free Entr.
21 hours agoMercy Eke Week 2 Discussion Hamilton Depression.docxRAJU852744
21 hours ago
Mercy Eke
Week 2 Discussion: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Depression or Major Depressive Disorder is considered as a mental health disorder that negatively impacts how an individual feel, think and behave. Individuals who suffer from depression exhibit feelings of sadness and loss in interest in once enjoyed activities (Parekh. 2017). It can cause different kinds of emotional and physical problems and can minimize an individual’s ability to be functional in their daily routines. Annually, approximately 6.7% of adults are impacted by depression. It is estimated that 16.6% of individuals will experience depression at some time in their life (Parekh. 2017). Depression is said to manifest at any time, but on average, the first manifestation occurs during the late teens to mid-20s. The female population is susceptible to experience depression than the male population. Some research indicated that one-third of the female population would experience a major depressive episode in their lifetime (Parekh. 2017).
Among all the mental disorders, depression is one of the most treatable. It is estimated that between 80-90 % of individuals suffering from depression respond well to treatment and experienced remission of their symptoms (Parekh. 2017). As a mental health professional, prior to deciphering diagnosis and initiating diagnosis, it is paramount to conduct a complete diagnostic evaluation, which includes an interview and, if necessary, a physical examination (Parekh. 2017). Blood tests can be conducted to ascertain that depression is not precipitated by a medical condition like thyroid dysfunction. The evaluation is to identify specific symptoms, medical and family history, cultural factors, and environmental factors to derive a diagnosis and establish a treatment plan (Parekh. 2017). One of the assessment tools for depression is the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In this discussion, I will be discussing the psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and elaborate on when it is appropriate to utilize this assessment tool with clients, including whether the tool can be utilized to evaluate the efficacy of psychopharmacologic medications.
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was introduced in early 1960. It has been considered as a gold standard in depression studies and a preferred scale in the evaluation of depression treatment. It is the most vastly utilized observer-rated depression scale worldwide (Vindbjerg.et.al., 2019). The HDRS was initially created to measure symptoms severity in depressed inpatient; however, the 17-item HAM-D has advanced in over five decades into 11 modified versions that have been administered to various patient populations in an array of psychiatric, medical, and other research settings (Rohan.et.al., 2016). There are two most common versions with either 17 or 21 items and is scored between 0-4 points. Each item assists mental health professionals or c.
2/19/2020 Originality Report
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SafeAssign Originality Report
Spring 2020 - InfoTech Import in Strat Plan (ITS-831-08) - First Bi-Term • Week 4 Assignment
%81Total Score: High riskMohana Murali Krishna Karnati
Submission UUID: 52814687-34c0-ee43-84bc-c253ad62fe7a
Total Number of Reports
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Highest Match
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Week 4 Assignment.docx
Average Match
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Running Head: SERVER VIRTUALIZATION 1
SERVER VIRTUALIZATION 8
Week 4 Assignment
Technet Case Study for Virtualization Mohana Murali Krishna Karnati
University of the Cumberlands
Technet Case Study for Virtualization
Technet is a hypothetical business in the storage manufacturing industry. This paper intend to elaborate the server virtualization concept using Microsoft
virtualization software from Windows server 2012R2. Organization’s Preparedness for Virtualization. As of now, the IT system design is a mishmash of old
frameworks that were obtained through various acquisitions of different providers in the storage industry. In any case, these old frameworks are aging and will soon
need to be upgraded. Generally, these old frameworks support applications that have been in service for about 10 years. The IT system situated in one of Technet
branch in Asia for instance comprise of old servers that have been in service for the last 5 years. These old servers were launched to support production and
productivity applications. The expense for permit of these old applications are presently being inspected to check whether they can be dropped and the
information moved to current Technet Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) applications. Consequently, since several IT related components are potential
contender for upgrading, this makes the likelihood of changing over current physical server farms into virtualized computing resources appropriate. Microsoft
Licensing of Virtualized Environments
Datacenter and the Standard edition are the two license version for Windows Server 2012R2 offered by Microsoft. There is likewise a free version called
Hyper-V Server which is an independent system that only contains the Windows hypervisor, a driver model as well as virtualization modules. Every window
version underpins Hyper-V, which is Microsoft's Type-1 hypervisor offering, likewise referred to as a bare-metal installation, and each Hyper-V server is known as a
Host (Portnoy, 2012). The Windows Server.
20810chapter Information Systems Sourcing .docxRAJU852744
208
10
chapter Information Systems
Sourcing
After 13 years, Kellwood, an American apparel maker, ended its soups!to!nuts IS outsourcing
arrangement with EDS . The primary focus of the original outsourcing contract was to integrate
12 individually acquired units with different systems into one system. Kellwood had been satis-
" ed enough with EDS ’ s performance to renegotiate the contract in 2002 and 2008, even though
at each renegotiation point, Kellwood had considered bringing the IS operations back in house,
or backsourcing. The 2008 contract iteration resulted in a more # exible $105 million contract that
EDS estimated would save Kellwood $2 million in the " rst year and $9 million over the remaining
contract years. But the situation at Kellwood had changed drastically. In 2008, Kellwood had been
purchased by Sun Capital Partners and taken private. The chief operating of" cer (COO), who was
facing a mountain of debt and possibly bankruptcy, wanted to consolidate and bring the operations
back in house to give some order to the current situation and reduce costs. Kellwood was suffering
from a lack of IS standardization as a result of its many acquisitions. The chief information of" cer
(CIO) recognized the importance of IS standardization and costs, but she was concerned that the
transition from outsourcing to insourcing would cause serious disruption to IS service levels and
project deadlines if it went poorly. Kellwood hired a third!party consultant to help it explore the
issues and decided that backsourcing would save money and respond to changes caused by both the
market and internal forces. Kellwood decided to backsource and started the process in late 2009. It
carefully planned for the transition, and the implementation went smoothly. By performing stream-
lined operations in house, it was able to report an impressive $3.6 million savings, or about 17% of
annual IS expenses after the " rst year. 1
The Kellwood case demonstrates a series of decisions made in relation to sourcing. Both the
decision to outsource IS operations and then to bring them back in house were based on a series of
This chapter is organized around decisions in the Sourcing Decision Cycle. The ! rst question
regarding information systems (IS) in the cycle relates to the decision to make (insource) or
buy (outsource) them. This chapter ’ s focus is on issues related to outsourcing whereas issues
related to insourcing are discussed in other chapters of this book. Discussed are the critical
decisions in the Sourcing Decision Cycle: how and where (cloud computing, onshoring,
offshoring). When the choice is offshoring, the next decision is where abroad (farshoring,
nearshoring, or captive centers). Explored next in this chapter is the ! nal decision in the
cycle, keep as is or change in which case the current arrangements are assessed and modi-
! cations are made to the outsourcing arrangem.
21720201Chapter 14Eating and WeightHealth Ps.docxRAJU852744
2/17/2020
1
Chapter 14
Eating and Weight
Health Psychology (PSYC 172)
Professor: Andrea Cook, PhD
February 18, 2020
The Digestive System
– Food nourishes the body by providing energy for
activity
– Digestion begins in the mouth
• Salivary glands provide moisture that allows food to
have taste
• Importance of good mastication
The Digestive System
The Digestive System
– Food is swallowed and then moves through the
pharynx and esophagus
– Peristalsis moves food through the digestive
system
– In the stomach, food is mixed with gastric juices
so it can be absorbed by the small intestine
– Most nutrients are digested in the small intestine
– Digestion process is complete when waste is
eliminated
The Digestive System, Continued
2/17/2020
2
Microbiome
4YouTube: What is the human microbiome?
Supporting the Gut Microbiome
Dysbiosis = unbalanced gut microbiome
• associated with weight gain, insulin resistance,
inflammation
Probiotics
• contain live microorganisms
• maintain or improve the "good" bacteria (normal microflora)
in the body
• e.g., fermented foods, yogurt, sauerkraut, kimchi
Prebiotics
• act as food for human microflora
• helps improve microflora balance
• e.g., whole grains, bananas, greens, onions, garlic
5
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-
answers/probiotics/faq-20058065
Supporting the Gut Microbiome
Medication overuse
• anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, acid blocking drugs, and
steroids damage gut or block normal digestive function
Stress
• chronic stress alters the normal bacteria in the gut
Lifestyle
• plenty of fiber, water, exercise and rest
Healthy Defecation
• three bowel movements a day to three each week
• no intestinal pain or bloating
• no straining
6
https://drhyman.com/blog/2014/10/10/tend-inner-garden-gut-flora-may-
making-sick/
2/17/2020
3
Bristol Stool Chart
7
Factors in Weight Maintenance
– Stable weight occurs when calories eaten equal those
expended for body metabolism and physical exercise
[OLD THINKING]
– Complicated interplay of nutrients, hormones, and
inflammation
• Metabolic rates differ from person to person
• Ghrelin, a hormone, stimulates appetite
• Leptin, a protein, signals satiation and fat storage
• Insulin, a hormone produced in pancreas
– unlocks cells for glucose use for energy
– cues hypothalamus for satiation and decreased appetite
Factors in Weight Maintenance
What is obesity?
– Overeating is not the sole cause of obesity
– Various methods to assess body fat
• Skin-fold technique
• Percentage body fat
• Body mass index (BMI)
– Can also be thought of in terms of social and
cultural standards
– ideal body = thinner in past 50 years
What is Obesity?
2/17/2020
4
BMI
10
– Obesity rates have increased, especially
“extreme” obesity
• past 30 years obesity rates have nearly doubled to
600 million
• 37.8% of US adults are obese and an additional 32.6%
are over.
2020/2/21 Critical Review #2 - WebCOM™ 2.0
https://smc.grtep.com/index.cfm/smcc/page/2criticalreviews 1/10
Santa Monica College Democracy and Di�erence Through the Aesthetics
of Film
Tahvildaran
Assignment Objectives: Enhance and/or improve critical thinking and
media literacy skills by:
1. Developing a clear and concise thesis statement (an
argument) in response to the
following question: Does the �lm have the power to
transform political sensibilities?
2. Writing an outline for a �ve paragraph analytical essay
building on a clear and
concise thesis statement, including topic sentences and
secondary supports.
3. Identifying and explaining three scenes from the �lm text in
support of the thesis
statement/argument.
4. Writing an introductory paragraph for the outlined analytical
essay
Be sure to read thoroughly the writing conventions below before beginning this
assignment.
Note: You are NOT writing a full essay; rather, you are outlining an analytical
essay by completing the dialogue in the boxes below.
Writing a Critical Review (analytical) Essay
2020/2/21 Critical Review #2 - WebCOM™ 2.0
https://smc.grtep.com/index.cfm/smcc/page/2criticalreviews 2/10
1. Every essay that you write for this course must have a clear thesis, placed
(perhaps) somewhere near the end of the introductory paragraph. Simply
stated, a THESIS (or ARGUMENT) expresses, preferably in a single sentence,
the point you want to make about the text that is the subject of your essay. A
THESIS should be an opinion or interpretation of the text, not merely a fact or
observation. The best possible THESIS will answer some speci�c questions
about the text. Very often the THESIS contains an outline of the major points
to be covered in the essay. A possible thesis for an essay on character in
Perry Henzell’s The Harder They Come might read somewhat as follows:
The protagonist of THTC is not a hero in the epic sense of the word, but a
self-centered young man bred of economic oppression and cultural
dependency. The characters in this �lm have no real psychological depth, but
are markers for a society of consumption and momentary glory.
(You might then go on to exemplify from the text and argue in favor or
against this interpretation: your essay need not hold to only one perspective.)
What single, clear QUESTION does the above THESIS attempt to answer?
2. Each essay should be organized into �ve (5) paragraphs, each based on one
of two to four major ideas, which will comprise the BODY of the essay. Each
paragraph must have a topic sentence, often (but not always) towards the
beginning of the paragraph, which clearly states the ARGUMENT or point to
be made in the paragraph. Following the thesis set forth.
2020422 Take Test Learning Assessment for Week Four – GENDE.docxRAJU852744
2020/4/22 Take Test: Learning Assessment for Week Four – GENDER ...
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To avoid issues with iLearn, do NOT click on this assessment until you are prepared to finish it in one continuous session.
Question Completion Status:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q U E S T I O N 1
Gayle Rubin’s charmed circle, which we talked about in a lecture video, identifies
sexual practices that are privileged in our patriarchal society versus those
considered deviant.
relationship types that are privileged by society versus those considered deviant.
racial, class, and sexuality categories associated with privilege versus those that are
associated with oppression.
practices of masculinity and femininity that are privileged by society versus those
that are considered deviant.
1 points Save AnswerSave Answer
-
-
-
-
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q U E S T I O N 2
Please match the concept with a summary/definition of it
Theoretical, research, and activist
perspective focused on how race,
class, and gender are interconnected
and mutually constitutive systems of
social inequality that interact
differently in specific contexts
Theoretical perspective that severs sex
from gender from sexuality
Perspective on sexuality in which
intimate and sexual relations are
primary sites for women’s domination
and subordination in patriarchal
societies
Perspective on sexuality in which
sexual norms and practices express the
current needs of capital
Queer theory
Feminism
Intersectionality
Marxism
2 points Save AnswerSave Answer
A.
B.
Q U E S T I O N 3
According to AnnaLouise Keating, Gloria Anzaldúa negotiated many social statuses that
marked her as an outsider or as different and which subsequently informed her work on
mestiza consciousness. These social statuses included that Anzaldúa was lesbian,
Chicana, Tejana, a woman, and
did not speak Spanish.
i d l b t
1 points Save AnswerSave Answer
Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.
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B.
C.
D.
experienced early puberty.
devoutly Catholic.
overweight.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q U E S T I O N 4
In "Oppression," Marilyn Frye calls situations in which all of one's options expose one to penalty,
censure, or deprivation
double binds.
birdcages.
the glass ceiling.
stonewalling.
1 points Save AnswerSave Answer
Click .
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
223 Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land by Andres Sous.docx
1. 223
Case 53
Problems in Pasta Land
by
Andres Sousa-Poza
Old Dominion University
The Food Factory has been operating in an underdeveloped
country for approximately 10
years.1 Its parent corporation specializes in wheat milling, and
it started the pasta factory as a
“side-line” operation to process lower quality wheat flour,
which is a by-product of the
normal milling process. This low-gluten flour is generally not
suitable for the production of
bread or for direct sale to consumers.
In 2009, the pasta division is confronted with a major problem.
It is too successful!
The factory was designed around the mill. Production capacities
matched the amount of
effluent from the mill rather than coming from a sound
marketing strategy. As shown in
Table 53-1, by 2006, the pasta plant was no longer able to
effectively serve existing
customers. The plant that was designed to produce 600 tons of
2. pasta per month on two
production lines is now facing average monthly orders of
approximately 800 tons.
Furthermore, the corporate director of marketing estimates that
orders could easily be
increased to 1400 to 1800 tons per month.
1 All monies used in this case are in the local currency, which
is one of the more than 40 countries in
the world that use the $ symbol and most of which are called
dollars.
Cases in Engineering Economy 2nd by Peterson & Eschenbach
224
Table 53-1 Average Monthly Orders/Production
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
4. Production 200 270 365 500 440 575 590 610 580 570
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Another challenge facing the factory is that the initial
equipment was refurbished, not
new, and it is now antiquated and seriously dilapidated. Unless
the plant is shut down,
equipment replacement is going to be required. The existing
equipment was already a
technological generation behind when it was bought. During the
last 10 years a new
generation of equipment has been developed based on high-
temperature drying. The new
technology is much more suited for use with low-quality (low-
gluten) flour and semolina.
New machinery is significantly more efficient. It requires fewer
workers, has lower relative
energy consumption, and produces less waste. The pasta plant
still maintains a price lead
through the low cost at which it is able to obtain raw materials
from the corporate wheat mill,
but this barely compensates for the plant’s low efficiency.
The new technology is also enabling competitors to use low-
quality, low-cost raw
materials and still produce a reasonably high-quality end
product. Ultimately, this means that
the cost of higher quality pasta has dropped significantly in
price, and the quality of the low-
cost pasta is increasing significantly. The pasta factory’s market
is customers with a
5. Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land
225
preference for low cost. Serious threats that the marketing
director is possibly not including in
the potential sales forecast include (1) the encroachment of
traditionally high-quality
producers into the low-cost markets, and (2) the increase in the
quality expectations of
customers that traditionally have been classified as “cost-
conscious consumers.” In general,
the plant’s cost advantage is no longer enough to secure a
strong market niche. Only the most
steadfast price-oriented consumers can be counted on as a stable
market group.
Expanding the factory would mean that the mill would no longer
be able to supply
sufficient raw materials. Production above 600 tons per month
would require the purchase of
flour or semolina from the open market, at market prices. It is
suggested that some of this
increased cost could be dissipated through internal accounting
practices, namely by charging
the pasta division less for the use of the mill’s low-quality
flour. The mill’s manager is
strongly opposed to this, even though it has been done in the
past. He argues that a further
decrease in the costing of low-gluten semolina would seriously
distort the mill’s operating
figures. He argues that the effluent flour should be sold to pig
farmers, since they are willing
to pay more than the pasta plant is now being charged.
6. While everyone (the board of directors and managers) concurs
that something has to be
done, little analysis has been done. The board of directors has
traditionally made major
investments based on a heuristic of keeping the initial capital
costs low. The logic behind this
is that it tends to reduce risk, since the time needed to achieve a
net positive cash flow is
shorter (short payback period). The general manager is not
convinced that this is the best
approach now. He feels that the threat introduced by new
technologies, the deviation from the
initial intent, the stance taken by the milling manager on
costing, the cost and quality
demands being placed by customers, as well as operational
efficiency and effectiveness
considerations, make it imperative that new technology and a
new decision approach are
used.
The general manager needs to develop a solid business case for
each alternative. He
needs to present these in a manner that would be accepted and
understood by the board of
directors for his recommendations to be considered. He is sure
that this will require better
financial metrics. The inclusion and consideration of so many
“soft” and barely quantifiable
variables is confounding him.
General Alternatives
At a very high level, there are not too many alternatives.
Continuing the operation “as is” is
not possible. While shutting down is possible, it is very
undesirable. The use of the factory as
7. Cases in Engineering Economy 2nd by Peterson & Eschenbach
226
a value-added function within the firm is still very positively
viewed, and even though the
mill manager is definitely not in favor of reducing the cost of
the low-gluten semolina, at the
organizational level there are considerable cost benefits.
Furthermore, the factory provides
jobs in a community where alternate employment is not
possible. The corporation as a whole
is the largest local employer, hiring approximately 40% of the
eligible workers. This is the
basis of the company’s good reputation, and, possibly more
importantly, the reason that no
local taxes are being levied on the firm. The buildings to house
the mill and the pasta factory
are also being provided for free. The firm as a whole is better
off given the benefits the pasta
plant provides the mill—even if the pasta division runs at a mild
loss.
Therefore, something must be done to replace the existing
equipment. The main
questions seem to lie in the technology and the organizational
objectives. Associated with the
technology alternatives are issues related to employee skills that
would be required for the
new production systems, customer expectations, and whether
the expected performance
promised by new technology could be achieved. Associated with
the organizational goals are
customer demands. The organizational intent for the pasta plant
8. did not place the customer in
a central position. Customers expect that, at the least, orders
that are accepted will be
adequately serviced. The factory’s original intent to use the
mill’s effluent doesn’t match
customer demands that exceed the approximately 600 tons per
month of low-grade semolina
provided by the mill. Furthermore, customer expectations of
pasta quality are changing
drastically. Operating the pasta factory as a “side-line”
operation is deterring the organization
from making customer-centric decisions.
Technology and Equipment
Pasta is made with a process that has remained virtually
unchanged for hundreds of years.
What has changed over the centuries is the manufacturing
technology. Pasta is made by
mixing durum wheat semolina with water to achieve a moisture
content of about 32%. Durum
semolina is in essence coarse flour made from hard-grained
wheat. It has a high gluten
(protein) content, approximately 11% moisture, a distinctive
“nutty taste,” and an appealing
yellow color. This mixture is kneaded and formed. Finally, the
pasta is allowed to dry in
drying rooms or in the outdoors.
In modern facilities, continuous feeding/dosing apparatus and
paddle troughs accomplish
mixing. Kneading and shaping is carried out using screw
extruders and extrusion molds to
give the pasta its characteristic shapes. Short pastas, such as
elbow macaroni, penne, and
fusilli, are cut short at the extruder. Long pastas, such as
9. spaghetti and linguine, are draped
Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land
227
over rods and cut to length once dry. The extruded pasta is dried
in a series of dryers that
bring the moisture content down to approximately 11.5% to
12%. The pasta is then cooled
and stored before being packaged.
Figure 53-1 Short Pasta Production Line
Possibly the greatest advances in the last decades have been
made in the manner that
pasta is dried. In older operations, the drying cycle can take 24
hours or more. This extended
drying period is required to ensure that drying takes place
evenly across the profile of the
pasta. If drying takes place unevenly, stresses are caused in the
pasta, causing it to crack and
discolor. New technologies that rely on very well controlled
drying environments use high
temperatures that are moderated by adequate humidity levels.
Drying time has been reduced
to as little as 3 hours for specific pasta shapes. In addition,
these high-temperature techniques
can produce pasta with good coloration, texture, and cooking
characteristics using flour with
low gluten content (~10% or less), grayish color, and lacking
10. the “nutty” taste of the durum
wheat.
The use of flours with lower gluten content has a strong
financial implication, since it is
significantly less expensive than durum semolina. In most
countries it is now common
practice to include at least a portion of flour with the durum
semolina. Many companies
maintain at least a token amount of durum semolina content to
be able to claim its use. In
Italy this practice has been curtailed due to the “purity” laws
that exist for pasta.
The general manager has found that there is a considerable
difference in the prices of
refurbished and new equipment. Refurbished equipment costs
only 25% of the new
Cases in Engineering Economy 2nd by Peterson & Eschenbach
228
machinery cost when transportation, installation, and start-up
are included. As shown in
Table 53-2, the price does not vary as much with the
machinery’s capacity.
Table 53-2 Equipment Costs
New Refurbished
1000 tons/month $3,560,000 $730,000
11. 2000 tons/month 4,800,000 1,100,000
As shown in Table 53-3, new equipment, although it requires
less frequent maintenance,
uses parts and labor that are significantly more expensive.
Refurbished equipment is more
expensive to maintain as wear increases. However, power
consumption is lower for the new
equipment.
Table 53-3 Operating Costs
Equipment Maintenance costs
Power consumption/ton
New 7% of equipment cost $69
6% of equipment cost 72 Refurbished
& 1% increase per year
Labor and Skills
A factor of great concern to the general manager is the changes
that new technology would
bring to the organization. According to the equipment’s
manufacturers, the new technologies
(which include advanced process control equipment, automated
product testing, and
12. integrated machinery testing) would require fewer employees
than the refurbished equipment.
The high-capacity equipment requires only a few more
employees than the low-capacity
machines, and the manufacturer argues that this is a good reason
to implement a high-
capacity facility.
As shown in Table 53-4, all options employ fewer than the 80 to
90 people that currently
work in production. The existing equipment has very limited
packaging machinery, and the
Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land
229
current process is very labor intensive, particularly for the first
step where individual 500g
boxes of pasta are put into case packs. Adjusting the labor force
size to that required for the
high-capacity refurbished technology could probably be
accomplished by regular attrition.
The other options would very likely require some layoffs. This
concerns the general manager,
who realizes that a strong component of the firm’s good
reputation is due to the number of
local people that it employs.
Table 53-4 Labor Requirements by Equipment Type
Capacity
13. Equipment Skill Level 1000 tons/mo 2000 tons/mo
New Supervisory 1 2
Skilled 34 41
Unskilled 2 8
Refurbished Supervisory 1 2
Skilled 2 5
Unskilled 48 67
The new equipment also requires more skilled employees, who
cost more (see Table 53-
5). Even more important is that the local labor force does not
have enough skilled employees.
Hiring outsiders would exacerbate the loss of jobs for the local
population. Extra training
costs if locals are used are summarized in Table 53-6.
Table 53-5 Labor Costs per Month
Supervisory $6700
Skilled 5300
Unskilled 3800
Note: Costs include benefits and training.
Cases in Engineering Economy 2nd by Peterson & Eschenbach
14. 230
Table 53-6 Extra Training for New Technology
Year 1 2 3 4-10
Extra training
as % of labor costs 22% 15% 8% 5%
The greatest problem in overhauling the factory, and in
particular for the new equipment
option, lies in the attitude and perceptions that exist within the
factory—all the way from the
employees to the board of directors. The following represent
some of the basic attitudes that
the general manager has encountered over time:
1. “If it isn’t broke, why fix it?” Even initiatives aimed at
improving conditions for
employees have met with stiff resistance. For example, an
attempt at starting a
day-care facility failed. Management was not convinced that it
would provide a
tangible benefit. When several employees complained about the
incursion on
their privacy, the initiative was laid to rest.
2. “This is the way we have always done it.” The installation of
conveyor belts to
15. move end product to the warehouse turned into an expensive
fiasco. The
employees refused to use it, and possibly even sabotaged
equipment to support
the claim that it was worthless. The employees seemed to fear
that the workforce
would be reduced.
3. “There is nothing that technology can do that a person cannot
do better.” When
an attempt was made to introduce computers in the warehouse to
log movement
of incoming and outgoing materials, there was nearly an open
revolt. Finally, the
computers were removed from the warehouse, and the old paper
system was
reinstated. The loading dock supervisor would record everything
on a clipboard
and later enter it into the tracking spreadsheet.
4. “You cannot make cheap products on expensive equipment.”
It seemed that there
was nearly a phobic fear of purchasing anything new. The usual
excuse was that
Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land
231
16. it cost too much. In several cases where the general manager
had been able to
demonstrate (using sound financial and economic techniques)
the benefits of
adopting new equipment, other alternatives had been chosen.
5. “Training is for dummies.” The Human Resource manager
would complain that
the only way he could get employees to attend even the most
mandatory of
training, such as training on hygiene techniques in the food
industry, was through
coercion. He would, in effect, threaten to have people fired.
6. “If the customer does not like the service, does not like what
they get, does not
like the quality, etc., let them find it cheaper somewhere else!”
Not surprisingly, concepts such as quality control,
improvement, customer focus,
hygiene, empowerment, participation, or, for that matter,
customer and product are not really
well understood.
Based on experience and research, the general manager also has
found that introducing
new equipment (particularly when new technologies are
involved) requires a learning curve
to realize the machinery’s full capabilities (see Table 53-7).
17. Table 53-7 Learning Curves for Production (% of capacity)
Year 1 2 3 4 5+
Refurbished 90% 95% 98% 100% 100%
New 45% 65% 90% 95% 100%
Customers
Existing orders (some unfilled) amount to approximately 800
tons per month. The director of
marketing predicts the sales levels shown in Table 53-8 for the
new equipment if not limited
by the equipment’s capacity or the learning curve.
Cases in Engineering Economy 2nd by Peterson & Eschenbach
232
Table 53-8 Forecast Sales for New Equipment
Year
1 2 3+
High sales target 1200 1600 1800
Low sales target 1200 1400 1400
The general manager feels that, under the present conditions,
both the target range and
18. market growth rates are feasible. He foresees some serious
threats emanating from the new
technologies being used. Based on past sales records, he finds
that the company has six retail
customers with which it has dealt on a regular basis. Of those
six, one of the retailers has
placed more than half of all orders (54%), with the second
largest one placing another 30%,
and the other four placing nearly equal portions of the
remaining 16% of total orders.
Independently, the general manager has talked to the customers
and has found that both of the
two most significant customers have plans for expanding sales,
which bodes well for
expanding the company’s production.
These two customers are, however, quite specific in their
expectations for service and
indicate that they have been receiving offers from other
suppliers who seemed to be in a
better position to provide them with the required product.
Furthermore, they indicate that
consumers are beginning to show a preference for higher quality
pasta. The largest customer
in particular states that pasta quality would have to be
increased; otherwise, they would have
to seriously consider switching suppliers.
This makes it clear to the general manager that he has serious
quality issues. Using the
refurbished technology, he could only match competitors’
quality if he uses a blend of high-
quality semolina (which he would have to purchase from the
open market) with the current
low-quality flour. The blend would have to be approximately a
19. 50:50 mix. This blend would
obviously greatly dilute the beneficial effect of using very low-
cost raw materials on the
overall product costing. As shown in Table 53-9, semolina and
flour are the greatest of the
direct costs.
Case 53 Problems in Pasta Land
233
Table 53-9 Direct Costs per Ton of Product
Semolina from milla $770
Market low-grade semolina 940
Market high-grade semolinab 980
Other materials 128
Transportation 145
aA maximum of 600 tons is available.
bThe refurbished technology requires a 50% inclusion of high-
grade
semolina.
The general manager is concerned with using a blend of flour
and semolina since
operators with the new technologies could do the same and have
other advantages in market
maneuvers. Since the retail customers were showing a strong
20. preference for the product from
the new technologies, he feels that he (and his competitors)
could charge a small premium for
the increase in product quality (see Table 53-10).
Table 53-10 Price of end product
Present price & price using refurbished technology $1,450
Price of product using new technology 1,470
After discussing cost and quality issues in depth with the
customers he feels that although
the target values of 1400 to 1800 tons/month are reasonable,
there is in effect a very high
likelihood that he might lose at least one of the major customers
if he uses the refurbished
technology. If this occurs, the most likely scenario would be
that he would have to revert to
competing on a cost basis. The limitation on this is of course
the amount of flour that he can
obtain at a discounted price from the mill. Consequently, he
feels that with the refurbished
technology the likelihood of having a long-term sales outcome
of approximately 600
tons/month is nearly as likely as the higher targets.
Furthermore, there seems to be the danger
Cases in Engineering Economy 2nd by Peterson & Eschenbach
21. 234
of losing all the anticipated increase should the trend in pasta
consumption shift further
toward quality and away from price, although he feels that this
is not quite as likely.
On the other hand, with the new technology it is much more
likely that he can compete
with other producers on a “level playing field” and achieve
sales between 1200 and 1800 tons
per month.
Financing
The finance director states that loans are available at 8% over
10 years to cover the full cost
of equipment purchases. The director has used this leverage to
its full extent. In general,
projects hava been financed by paying 10% of the investment
using retained earnings
(although the director expresses reservations about exceeding
$100,000 in this case).
The company pays taxes at approximately 35% of net earnings.
Net losses for the project
would reduce the firm’s overall income and its tax burden. This
type of equipment is
depreciated to a salvage value of zero at 8 years with straight-
line depreciation.
Finally, the director of finance informs the general manager that
it is common for the firm
to expect a minimum return of 20% on a project of this duration
and scope, and that a 10-year
planning horizon could be used. With this horizon it is
22. reasonable to assume that the
equipment’s salvage value approximately equals the cost of
removal.
The Problem
The general manager’s overall impression is that the greater
cost of new equipment will make
the alternatives that included it more sensitive to fluctuations in
the eventual sales. On the
other hand, the refurbished technologies risk failing to meet
rising quality expectations. This
could easily curtail any sales growth and even put this plant out
of business altogether.
He also sees that no matter what the outcome, he is going to
have serious labor issues to
deal with, and a lot of discussion with the board of directors to
determine the future focus of
the pasta plant. What are your recommendations?
Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care
Seventh Edition
Diana J. Mason, PhD, RN, FAAN
Rudin Professor of Nursing
Co-Director of the Center for Health, Media, and Policy
School of Nursing
Hunter College
23. City University of New York
New York, New York
Deborah B. Gardner, PhD, RN, FAAN, FNAP
Health Policy and Leadership Consultant, LLC
Honolulu, Hawaii
Freida Hopkins Outlaw, PhD, RN, FAAN
Adjunct Professor
Peabody College of Education
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Eileen T. O'Grady, PhD, NP, RN
Nurse Practitioner and Wellness Coach
McLean, Virginia
2
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
About the Editors
Contributors
24. Reviewers
Foreword
Preface
What's New in the Seventh Edition?
Using the Seventh Edition
Acknowledgments
Unit 1 Introduction to Policy and Politics in Nursing and Health
Care
Chapter 1 Frameworks for Action in Policy and Politics
Upstream Factors
Nursing and Health Policy
Reforming Health Care
Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform
Policy and the Policy Process
Forces That Shape Health Policy
The Framework for Action
Spheres of Influence
Health
Health and Social Policy
25. Health Systems and Social Determinants of Health
Nursing Essentials
Policy and Political Competence
3
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Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 2 An Historical Perspective on Policy, Politics, and
Nursing
“Not Enough to be a Messenger”
Bringing Together the Past for the Present: What We Learned
From History
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 3 Advocacy in Nursing and Health Care
26. The Definition of Advocacy
The Nurse as Patient Advocate
Consumerism, Feminism, and Professionalization of Nursing:
the Emergence of Patients' Rights Advocacy
Philosophical Models of Nursing Advocacy
Advocacy Outside the Clinical Setting
Barriers to Successful Advocacy
Summary
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 4 Learning the Ropes of Policy and Politics
Political Consciousness-Raising and Awareness: the “Aha”
Moment
Getting Started
The Role of Mentoring
Educational Opportunities
Applying Your Political, Policy, Advocacy, and Activism Skills
Political Competencies
27. Changing Policy at the Workplace Through Shared Governance
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 5 Taking Action: How I Learned the Ropes of Policy
and Politics
Mentors, Passion, and Curiosity
Chapter 6 A Primer on Political Philosophy
Political Philosophy
The State
4
Gender and Race in Political Philosophy
The Welfare State
Political Philosophy and the Welfare State: Implications for
Nurses
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 7 The Policy Process
28. Health Policy and Politics
Unique Aspects of U.S. Policymaking
Conceptual Basis for Policymaking
Bringing Nursing Competence Into the Policymaking Process
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 8 Health Policy Brief: Improving Care Transitions
Improving Care Transitions: Better Coordination of Patient
Transfers among Care Sites and the Community Could Save
Money and Improve the Quality of Care1
References
Online Resources
Chapter 9 Political Analysis and Strategies
What is Political Analysis?
Political Strategies
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
29. Chapter 10 Communication and Conflict Management in Health
Policy
Understanding Conflict
The Process of Conversations
Listening, Asserting, and Inquiring Skills
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 11 Research as a Political and Policy Tool
So What is Policy?
What is Research When It Comes to Policy?
The Chemistry between Research and Policymaking
5
Using Research to Create, Inform, and Shape Policy
Research and Political Will
Research: Not Just for Journals
Discussion Questions
30. References
Online Resources
Chapter 12 Health Services Research: Translating Research into
Policy
Defining Health Services Research
HSR Methods
Quantitative Methods and Data Sets
Qualitative Methods
Professional Training in Health Services Research
Competencies
Fellowships and Training Grants
Loan Repayment Programs
Dissemination and Translation of Research Into Policy
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 13 Using Research to Advance Health and Social
Policies for Children
Research on Early Brain Development
31. Research on Social Determinants of Health and Health
Disparities
Advancing Children's Mental Health Using Research to Inform
Policy
Research on Child Well-Being Indicators
Research on “Framing the Problem”
Gaps in Linking Research and Social Policies for Children
Nursing Advocacy
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 14 Using the Power of Media to Influence Health
Policy and Politics
Seismic Shift in Media: One-to-Many and Many-to-Many
The Power of Media
Who Controls the Media?
Getting on the Public's Agenda
Media as a Health Promotion Tool
Focus on Reporting
Effective Use of Media
32. Analyzing Media
6
Responding to the Media
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 15 Health Policy, Politics, and Professional Ethics
The Ethics of Influencing Policy
Reflective Practice: Pants on Fire
Discussion Questions
Professional Ethics
Reflective Practice: Foundational Nursing Documents
Personal Questions
Reflective Practice: Negotiating Conflicts between Personal
Integrity and Professional Responsibilities
Personal Question
33. U.S. Health Care Reform
Reflective Practice: Accepting the Challenge
Personal Question
Reflective Practice: the Medicaid 5% Commitment—an Appeal
to Professionalism
Discussion Question
Reflective Practice: Your State Turned Down Medicaid
Expansion
Personal Question
Reflective Practice: Barriers to the Treatment of Mental Illness
Personal Question
Ethics and Work Environment Policies
Mandatory Flu Vaccination: the Good of the Patient Versus
Personal Choice
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Unit 2 Health Care Delivery and Financing
Chapter 16 The Changing United States Health Care System
34. Overview of the U.S. Health Care System
Public Health
Transforming Health Care Through Technology
Health Status and Trends
Challenges for the U.S. Health Care System
Health Care Reform
Opportunities and Challenges for Nursing
Discussion Questions
References
7
Online Resources
Chapter 17 A Primer on Health Economics of Nursing and
Health Policy
Cost-Effectiveness of Nursing Services
Impact of Health Reform on Nursing Economics
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 18 Financing Health Care in the United States
35. Historical Perspectives on Health Care Financing
Government Programs
The Private Health Insurance and Delivery Systems
The Problem of Continually Rising Health Care Costs
The ACA and Health Care Costs
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 19 The Affordable Care Act: Historical Context and an
Introduction to the State of Health
Care in the United States
Historical, Political, and Legal Context
Content of the Affordable Care Act
Impact on Nursing Profession: Direct and Indirect
Overall Cost of the Aca
Political and Implementation Challenges
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
36. Online Resources
Chapter 20 Health Insurance Exchanges: Expanding Access to
Health Care
What is a Health Insurance Exchange?
Exchange Purchasers
Other Health Insurance Options
Federal or State Exchanges
State-Based EXCHANGES
Development of the Exchanges
Establishing State Exchanges
The Federal Exchange Rollout: ACA Setback
New York's Success Story
The Oregon Story
Exchange Features
8
Marketplace Insurance Categories
Role of Medicaid
37. Nurses' Roles with Exchanges
Consumer Education
State Requirements Include Aprns in Exchange Plans
Assessing the Impact of the Exchanges and Future Projections
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 21 Patient Engagement and Public Policy: Emerging
New Paradigms and Roles
Patient Engagement Within Nursing
Patient Engagement and Federal Initiatives
The VA System: an Exemplar of Patient-Centered Care
From Patient Engagement to Citizen Health
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 22 The Marinated Mind: Why Overuse Is an Epidemic
and How to Reduce It
38. Commonly Overused Interventions
Reasons for Overuse
Financial Incentives as the Major Cause of Overuse
The Marinated Mind
Physician and Nurse Acknowledgment of Overuse
Public Reporting to Reduce Overuse
Journalists Advocate for More Transparency About Overuse
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 23 Policy Approaches to Address Health Disparities
Health Equity and Access
Policy Approaches to Address Health Disparities
Evaluating Patient-Centered Care
Summary
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
39. 9
Chapter 24 Achieving Mental Health Parity
Historical Struggle to Achieve Mental Health Parity
Implications for Nursing: Mental Health Related Issues and
Strategies
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 25 Breaking the Social Security Glass Ceiling: A
Proposal to Modernize Women's Benefits1
Benefits for Women
Strengthening the Program
Changes We Oppose
Strengthening Financing
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 26 The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry
40. Globalization Concerns
Values Conflict
Direct to Consumer Marketing
Conflict of Interest
Education
Gifts
Samples
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 27 Women's Reproductive Health Policy
When Women's Reproductive Health Needs are Not Met
Why Do We Need Policy Specifically Directed at Women?
Women's Health and U.S. Policy
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
41. Chapter 28 Public Health: Promoting the Health of Populations
and Communities
The State of Public Health and the Public's Health
Impact of Social Determinants and Disparities on Health
Major Threats to Public Health
Challenges Faced by Governmental Public Health
10
Charting a Bright Future for Public Health
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 29 Taking Action: Blazing a Trail...and the Bumps
Along the Way—A Public Health Nurse
as a Health Officer
Getting the Job: More Difficult Than You Might Think
Creating Access to Public Health Care in West New York
On-the-Job Training
Political Challenges
Safe Kid Day Arrives
42. Nurses Shaping Policy in Local Government
Successes and Challenges
References
Chapter 30 The Politics and Policy of Disaster Response and
Public Health Emergency
Preparedness
Purpose Statement
Background and Significance
Presidential Declarations of Disaster and the Stafford Act
Policy Change After September 11
The Politics Underlying Disaster and Public Health Emergency
Policy
The Homeland Security Act
Project Bioshield 2004
Pkemra 2006 and Disaster Case Management
National Commission on Children and Disasters 2009
Threat Level System of the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
43. References
Online Resources
Chapter 31 Chronic Care Policy: Medical Homes and Primary
Care
The Experience of Chronic Care in the United States
Medical Homes
The Role of Nursing in Medical Homes
Patient-Centered Medical Homes: the Future
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 32 Family Caregiving and Social Policy
11
Who are the Family Caregivers?
Unpaid Value of Family Caregiving
Caregiving as a Stressful Business
Supporting Family Caregivers
44. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 33 Community Health Centers: Successful Advocacy
for Expanding Health Care Access
Community Health Centers Demonstrate the Advocacy Process
for Innovation
The Creation of the Neighborhood Health Center Program
Program Survival and Institutionalization
Continuing Policy Advocacy
The Expansion of Community Health Centers Under a
Conservative President
Community Health Centers in the Era of Obamacare
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 34 Filling the Gaps: Retail Health Care Clinics and
Nurse-Managed Health Centers
Retail Health Clinics
Access and Quality in Retail Clinics
45. Retail Clinics and Cost
Challenges and Reactions to the Model
Nurse-Managed Health Clinics
Future Directions for Retail Clinics and NMHCs
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 35 Developing Families
The Need for Improvement
Social Determinants and Life Course Model
Innovative Models of Care
Health Care Reform
Barriers to Sustaining, Spreading, and Scaling-Up Models
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 36 Dual Eligibles: Issues and Innovations
12
46. Who are the Duals?
What are the Challenges?
Health Care Delivery Reforms That Hold Promise
Implication for Nurses
Policy Implications
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 37 Home Care and Hospice: Evolving Policy
Defining the Home Care Industry
Home Health
Hospice
Home Medical Equipment
Home Infusion Pharmacy
Private Duty
Reimbursement and Reimbursement Reform
Hospital Use and Readmissions and the Focus on Care
47. Transitions
Quality and Outcome Management
The Impact of Technology on Home Care
Championing Home Care and Hospice and the Role of Nurses
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 38 Long-Term Services and Supports Policy Issues
Poor Quality of Care
Weak Enforcement
Inadequate Staffing Levels
Corporate Ownership
Financial Accountability
Other Issues
Home and Community-Based Services
Public Financing
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
48. References
Online Resources
Chapter 39 The United States Military and Veterans
Administration Health Systems: Contemporary
Overview and Policy Challenges
The MHS and VHA Budgets
13
Advanced Nursing Education and Career Progression
Contemporary Policy Issues Involving MHS and VHA Nurses
Post-Deployment Health-Related Needs
References
Seamless Transition
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Unit 3 Policy and Politics in the Government
Chapter 40 Contemporary Issues in Government
Contemporary Issues in Government
49. The Central Budget Story
Fiscal Policy and Political Extremism
How Will the Nation's Economic Health be Addressed?
The Impact of Political Dysfunction
Polarization
Loss of Congressional Moderates
Gerrymandering
Congressional Gridlock: Where is the President's Power?
Beleaguered Health Care Reform
Implementation Challenges
Increasing Access
Affordable Care Act Costs and Savings
Legal Challenges to the ACA
Immigration Reform: Will Health Care be Included?
Current Health Care Access
The Ethics and Economics of Access
Immigration Health Care Reform Options
Rising Economic Inequality
50. Measuring Wealth
The Great Recession Reshaped the Economy
Costs of Economic Inequality
Impact of Economic Inequality on Health Equity
Effectively Addressing Economic Inequality
Proposed Policy Strategies
Climate Change: Impacting Global Health
Climate Change: It's Happening
Mitigation Versus Adaptation
International Progress
Adaptation is Local
14
Examples of Health in All Policies
Nursing Action Oriented Leadership
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
51. Chapter 41 How Government Works: What You Need to Know
to Influence the Process
Federalism: Multiple Levels of Responsibility
The Federal Government
State Governments
Local Government
Target the Appropriate Level of Government
Pulling It All Together: Covering Long-Term Care
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 42 Is There a Nurse in the House? The Nurses in the
U.S. Congress
The Nurses in Congress
Evaluating the Work of the Nurses Serving in Congress
Political Perspective
Interest Group Ratings
Campaign Financing
Sources of Campaign Funds
52. References
Online Resources
Chapter 43 An Overview of Legislation and Regulation
Influencing the Legislative Process
Regulatory Process
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 44 Lobbying Policymakers: Individual and Collective
Strategies
Lobbyists, Advocates, and the Policymaking Process
Lobbyist or Advocate?
Why Lobby?
Steps in Effective Lobbying
How Should You Lobby?
Collective Strategies
Discussion Questions
15
53. References
Online Resources
Chapter 45 Taking Action: An Insider's View of Lobbying
Getting Started
Winds of Change Coming in State Legislatures
Political Strategies
There Really is a Need for Lobbyists
Chapter 46 The American Voter and the Electoral Process
Voting Law: Getting the Voters to the Polls
Calls for Reform
Voting Behavior
Answering to the Constituency
Congressional Districts
Involvement in Campaigns
Campaign Finance Law
Types of Elections
The Morning After: Keeping Connected to Politicians
Discussion Questions
References
54. Online Resources
Chapter 47 Political Activity: Different Rules for Government-
Employed Nurses
Why Was the Hatch Act Necessary?
Hatch Act Enforcement
Penalties for Hatch Act Violations
U.S. Department of Defense Regulations on Political Activity
Internet and Social Media Influence
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 48 Taking Action: Anatomy of a Political Campaign
Why People Work on Campaigns
Why People Stop Working on Campaigns
The Internet and the 2012 Election Campaign
Campaign Activities
Discussion Questions
55. References
Online Resources
16
Chapter 49 Taking Action: Truth or Dare: One Nurse's Political
Campaign
Stepping Into Politics
Ethical Leadership
Making a Difference
Lessons Learned
Chapter 50 Political Appointments
What Does It Take to be a Political Appointee?
Getting Ready
Identify Opportunities
Making a Decision to Seek an Appointment
Plan Your Strategy
Confirmation or Interview?
Compensation
After the Appointment
56. Experiences of Nurse Appointees
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 51 Taking Action: Influencing Policy Through an
Appointment to the San Francisco Health
Commission
Democracy and Service to the Health Commission
Checks and Balances of Health Commission Activities
Scope of Work of the Health Commission
Infrastructure of the Health Commission
Balancing Health Commission Service with Academia
Introspection: Re-Experiencing Decision Making on the Health
Commission
References
Chapter 52 Taking Action: A Nurse in the Boardroom
My Political Career
My Campaign
Campaign Preparation
57. Launching the Campaign
Lessons Learned
The Future
References
Chapter 53 Nursing and the Courts
The Judicial System
17
Judicial Review
Reference
The Role of Precedent
the Constitution and Branches of Government
Impact Litigation
Expanding Legal Rights
Reference
Enforcing Legal and Regulatory Requirements
Antitrust Laws and Anticompetitive Practices
Criminal Courts
58. Influencing and Responding to Court Decisions
Nursing's Policy Agenda
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 54 Nursing Licensure and Regulation
Historical Perspective
The Purpose of Professional Regulation
Sources of Regulation
Licensure Board Responsibilities
Licensure Requirements
The Source of Licensing Board Authority
Disciplinary Offenses
Regulation's Shortcomings
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
59. Chapter 55 Taking Action: Nurse, Educator, and Legislator: My
Journey to the Delaware General
Assembly
My Political Roots
Volunteering and Campaigning
There's a Reason It is Called “Running” for Office
A Day in the Life of a Nurse-Legislator
What I've Been Able to Accomplish as a Nurse-Legislator
Tips for Influencing Elected Officials' Health Policy Decisions
Is It Worth It?
References
Unit 4 Policy and Politics in the Workplace and Workforce
18
Chapter 56 Policy and Politics in Health Care Organizations
Financial Pressures From Changing Payment Models
The Broadening Influence of Outcome Accountability
A Door Opens—Policy to Support the Role of the Nurse
Practitioner
Conclusion
60. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 57 Taking Action: Nurse Leaders in the Boardroom
Getting Started
Are You Ready?
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 58 Quality and Safety in Health Care: Policy Issues
The Environmental Context
The Policy Context: Value-Driven Health Care
Value-Based Payment and Delivery Models
Impact of Value-Driven Health Care on Nursing
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
61. Chapter 59 Politics and Evidence-Based Practice and Policy
The Players and Their Stakes
The Role of Politics in Generating Evidence
The Politics of Research Application in Clinical Practice
The Politics of Research Applied to Policy Formulation
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 60 The Nursing Workforce
Characteristics of the Workforce
Expanding the Workforce
Increasing Diversity
Retaining Workers
Addressing the Nursing Workforce Issues
Conclusion
19
Discussion Questions
62. References
Online Resources
Chapter 61 Rural Health Care: Workforce Challenges and
Opportunities
What Makes Rural Health Care Different?
Defining Rural
Rural Policy, Rural Politics
The Opportunities and Challenges of Rural Health
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 62 Nurse Staffing Ratios: Policy Options
The Establishment of California's Regulations
What Has Happened as a Result of the Ratios?
What Next?
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 63 The Contemporary Work Environment of Nursing
63. Primary Factors
Secondary Factors
American Hospital Association (AHA) Report
Crucial Communication
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 64 Collective Strategies for Change in the Workplace
Building a Culture of Change
Workplace Cultures Differ
Implementing the Change Decision
Examples of Change Decisions
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 65 Taking Action: Advocating for Nurses Injured in the
Workplace
Life Lessons
64. 20
Becoming a Voice for Back-Injured Nurses
Establishing the Work Injured Nurses Group USA (WING USA)
Legislative Efforts to Advance Safe Patient Handling
The Future
References
Chapter 66 The Politics of Advanced Practice Nursing
Political Context of Advanced Practice Nursing
The Political Issues
Toward New APN Politics: Overcoming Appeasement and
Apathy
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 67 Taking Action: Reimbursement Issues for Nurse
Anesthetists: A Continuing Challenge
Nurse Anesthesia Practice
Nurse Anesthesia Reimbursement
Advocacy Issues in Anesthesia Reimbursement
65. TEFRA: Defining Medical Direction
Physician Supervision of CRNAs: Medicare Conditions of
Participation
Medicare Coverage of Chronic Pain Management Services
Conclusion
References
Chapter 68 Taking Action: Overcoming Barriers to Full APRN
Practice: The Idaho Story
Background
Nurturing the Passion to Achieve Statutory Change
Building Broad Coalitions and Relationships
Sustaining the Effort and the Vision
Removing Barriers to Autonomous APRN Practice
The Stars Align
The 2012 NPA Revision
Conclusion
Chapter 69 Taking Action: A Nurse Practitioner's Activist
Efforts in Nevada
Being a Leader
Activism Means Leaving Your Comfort Zone
66. Honing Your Verbal and Nonverbal Messages
Activism Requires Funding Knowledge
Developing Activist Skills Through Experience
References
Chapter 70 Nursing Education Policy: The Unending Debate
over Entry into Practice and the
21
Continuing Debate over Doctoral Degrees
The Entry Into Practice Debate
The Entry Into Advanced Practice Debate
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 71 The Intersection of Technology and Health Care:
Policy and Practice Implications
Public Policy Support for HIT
Conclusion
67. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Unit 5 Policy and Politics in Associations and Interest Groups
Chapter 72 Interest Groups in Health Care Policy and Politics
Development of Interest Groups
Functions and Methods of Influence
Landscape of Contemporary Health Care Interest Groups
Assessing Value and Considering Involvement
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 73 Current Issues in Nursing Associations
Nursing's Professional Organizations
Organizational Life Cycle
Current Issues for Nursing Organizations
Conclusion
68. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 74 Professional Nursing Associations: Operationalizing
Nursing Values
The Significance of Nursing Organizations
Evolution of Organizations
Today's Nurse
Organizational Purpose
Associations and Their Members
22
Leadership Development
Opportunities to Shape Policy
Influencing the Organization
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
69. Chapter 75 Coalitions: A Powerful Political Strategy
Birth and Life Cycle of Coalitions
Building and Maintaining a Coalition: the Primer
Pitfalls and Challenges
Political Work of Coalitions
Evaluating Coalition Effectiveness
Discussion Question
References
Online Resources
Chapter 76 Taking Action: The Nursing Community Builds a
Unified Voice
The Necessity of Coalitions
Coalition Formation
Defining a Coalition's Success: the Importance of Leadership
and Goal Setting
A Perspective on Nursing's Unified Voice
Nursing Unites: the Nursing Community
Conclusion
References
70. Chapter 77 Taking Action: The Nursing Kitchen Cabinet: Policy
and Politics in Action
The Context
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 78 Taking Action: Improving LGBTQ Health: Nursing
Policy Can Make a Difference
LGBTQ Rights in the United States
Nursing and LGBTQ Advocacy
Taking Action
Conclusion
References
Online Resources
Chapter 79 Taking Action: Campaign for Action
The Future of Nursing Report
23
A Vision for Implementing the Future of Nursing Report
Success at the National Level
71. Success at the State Level
Conclusion
References
Online Resources
Chapter 80 Taking Action: The Nightingales Take on Big
Tobacco
Tobacco Kills
Ruth's Story
The Personal Becomes Political
Compelling Voices
Strategic Planning
Kelly's Story
Policy Advocacy
Shareholder Advocacy: “the NURSES are Coming…”
Extending the Message
What NURSES Can Do
Nursing is Political
Lessons Learned: Nursing Activism
Discussion Questions
72. References
Online Resources
Unit 6 Policy and Politics in the Community
Chapter 81 Where Policy Hits the Pavement: Contemporary
Issues in Communities
What is a Community?
Healthy Communities
Partnership for Improving Community Health
Determinants of Health
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 82 An Introduction to Community Activism
Key Concepts
Taking Action to Effect Change: Characteristics of Community
Activists and Activism
Challenges and Opportunities in Community Activism
Nurses as Community Activists
Discussion Questions
References
73. Online Resources
24
Chapter 83 Taking Action: The Canary Coalition for Clean Air
in North Carolina's Smoky
Mountains and Beyond
Lessons in Communicating
Persuasion: the Integrated Resource Plan Example
Speaking to Power
Clean Air: a Mixed Blessing
The Crucible of Financial Challenge
Efficient and Affordable Energy Rates Bill
Nurses' Role in Environmental Stewardship
References
Chapter 84 How Community-Based Organizations Are
Addressing Nursing's Role in Transforming
Health Care
Community as Partner and the Community Anchor
Accountable Care Community
Superstorm Sandy
74. the Population Care Coordinator
Hospital Partnerships and Transitional Care
Vulnerable Patient Study
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 85 Taking Action: From Sewage Problems to the
Statehouse: Serving Communities
Sewage Changed My Life
My Campaigns
The Value of Political Activity in Your Community
Leadership in the International Community
Mentoring Other Nurses for Political Advocacy
Recommendations for Becoming Involved in Politics
Chapter 86 Family and Sexual Violence: Nursing and U.S.
Policy
Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women
State Laws Regarding Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence
75. Federal Laws Related to Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence
Health Policies Related to Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence
Child Maltreatment
State and Federal Policies Related to Child Maltreatment
Health Policies Related to Child Maltreatment
Older Adult Maltreatment
State and Federal Legislation Related to Older Adult
Maltreatment
25
Health Care Policies Related to Older Adult Maltreatment
Opportunity for Nursing
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 87 Human Trafficking: The Need for Nursing Advocacy
Encountering the Victims of Human Trafficking
Advancing Policy in the Workplace
Role of Professional Nursing Associations
76. Advocating for State Legislation and Policy on Human
Trafficking
Advancing Policy Through Media and Technology
Trafficking as a Global Public Health Issue
The World of the Victims
International Policy
U.S. Response to Human Trafficking
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 88 Taking Action: A Champion of Change: For Want of
a Hug
What Happened?
The Struggle to Find Help
We Got Help, but What About Others?
Commitment in My Community
Meeting Basic Needs
Gang Violence Prevention
77. It Takes a Village
References
…
Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care
Seventh Edition
Diana J. Mason, PhD, RN, FAAN
Rudin Professor of Nursing
Co-Director of the Center for Health, Media, and Policy
School of Nursing
Hunter College
City University of New York
New York, New York
Deborah B. Gardner, PhD, RN, FAAN, FNAP
Health Policy and Leadership Consultant, LLC
Honolulu, Hawaii
Freida Hopkins Outlaw, PhD, RN, FAAN
Adjunct Professor
Peabody College of Education
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
78. Eileen T. O'Grady, PhD, NP, RN
Nurse Practitioner and Wellness Coach
McLean, Virginia
2
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
About the Editors
Contributors
Reviewers
Foreword
Preface
What's New in the Seventh Edition?
Using the Seventh Edition
Acknowledgments
Unit 1 Introduction to Policy and Politics in Nursing and Health
Care
79. Chapter 1 Frameworks for Action in Policy and Politics
Upstream Factors
Nursing and Health Policy
Reforming Health Care
Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform
Policy and the Policy Process
Forces That Shape Health Policy
The Framework for Action
Spheres of Influence
Health
Health and Social Policy
Health Systems and Social Determinants of Health
Nursing Essentials
Policy and Political Competence
3
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Discussion Questions
References
80. Online Resources
Chapter 2 An Historical Perspective on Policy, Politics, and
Nursing
“Not Enough to be a Messenger”
Bringing Together the Past for the Present: What We Learned
From History
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 3 Advocacy in Nursing and Health Care
The Definition of Advocacy
The Nurse as Patient Advocate
Consumerism, Feminism, and Professionalization of Nursing:
the Emergence of Patients' Rights Advocacy
Philosophical Models of Nursing Advocacy
Advocacy Outside the Clinical Setting
Barriers to Successful Advocacy
Summary
81. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 4 Learning the Ropes of Policy and Politics
Political Consciousness-Raising and Awareness: the “Aha”
Moment
Getting Started
The Role of Mentoring
Educational Opportunities
Applying Your Political, Policy, Advocacy, and Activism Skills
Political Competencies
Changing Policy at the Workplace Through Shared Governance
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 5 Taking Action: How I Learned the Ropes of Policy
and Politics
Mentors, Passion, and Curiosity
Chapter 6 A Primer on Political Philosophy
Political Philosophy
82. The State
4
Gender and Race in Political Philosophy
The Welfare State
Political Philosophy and the Welfare State: Implications for
Nurses
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 7 The Policy Process
Health Policy and Politics
Unique Aspects of U.S. Policymaking
Conceptual Basis for Policymaking
Bringing Nursing Competence Into the Policymaking Process
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
83. Chapter 8 Health Policy Brief: Improving Care Transitions
Improving Care Transitions: Better Coordination of Patient
Transfers among Care Sites and the Community Could Save
Money and Improve the Quality of Care1
References
Online Resources
Chapter 9 Political Analysis and Strategies
What is Political Analysis?
Political Strategies
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 10 Communication and Conflict Management in Health
Policy
Understanding Conflict
The Process of Conversations
Listening, Asserting, and Inquiring Skills
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
84. Online Resources
Chapter 11 Research as a Political and Policy Tool
So What is Policy?
What is Research When It Comes to Policy?
The Chemistry between Research and Policymaking
5
Using Research to Create, Inform, and Shape Policy
Research and Political Will
Research: Not Just for Journals
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 12 Health Services Research: Translating Research into
Policy
Defining Health Services Research
HSR Methods
Quantitative Methods and Data Sets
Qualitative Methods
85. Professional Training in Health Services Research
Competencies
Fellowships and Training Grants
Loan Repayment Programs
Dissemination and Translation of Research Into Policy
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 13 Using Research to Advance Health and Social
Policies for Children
Research on Early Brain Development
Research on Social Determinants of Health and Health
Disparities
Advancing Children's Mental Health Using Research to Inform
Policy
Research on Child Well-Being Indicators
Research on “Framing the Problem”
Gaps in Linking Research and Social Policies for Children
Nursing Advocacy
Discussion Questions
86. References
Online Resources
Chapter 14 Using the Power of Media to Influence Health
Policy and Politics
Seismic Shift in Media: One-to-Many and Many-to-Many
The Power of Media
Who Controls the Media?
Getting on the Public's Agenda
Media as a Health Promotion Tool
Focus on Reporting
Effective Use of Media
Analyzing Media
6
Responding to the Media
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
87. Online Resources
Chapter 15 Health Policy, Politics, and Professional Ethics
The Ethics of Influencing Policy
Reflective Practice: Pants on Fire
Discussion Questions
Professional Ethics
Reflective Practice: Foundational Nursing Documents
Personal Questions
Reflective Practice: Negotiating Conflicts between Personal
Integrity and Professional Responsibilities
Personal Question
U.S. Health Care Reform
Reflective Practice: Accepting the Challenge
Personal Question
Reflective Practice: the Medicaid 5% Commitment—an Appeal
to Professionalism
Discussion Question
Reflective Practice: Your State Turned Down Medicaid
Expansion
Personal Question
88. Reflective Practice: Barriers to the Treatment of Mental Illness
Personal Question
Ethics and Work Environment Policies
Mandatory Flu Vaccination: the Good of the Patient Versus
Personal Choice
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Unit 2 Health Care Delivery and Financing
Chapter 16 The Changing United States Health Care System
Overview of the U.S. Health Care System
Public Health
Transforming Health Care Through Technology
Health Status and Trends
Challenges for the U.S. Health Care System
Health Care Reform
Opportunities and Challenges for Nursing
Discussion Questions
89. References
7
Online Resources
Chapter 17 A Primer on Health Economics of Nursing and
Health Policy
Cost-Effectiveness of Nursing Services
Impact of Health Reform on Nursing Economics
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 18 Financing Health Care in the United States
Historical Perspectives on Health Care Financing
Government Programs
The Private Health Insurance and Delivery Systems
The Problem of Continually Rising Health Care Costs
The ACA and Health Care Costs
Discussion Questions
References
90. Online Resources
Chapter 19 The Affordable Care Act: Historical Context and an
Introduction to the State of Health
Care in the United States
Historical, Political, and Legal Context
Content of the Affordable Care Act
Impact on Nursing Profession: Direct and Indirect
Overall Cost of the Aca
Political and Implementation Challenges
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 20 Health Insurance Exchanges: Expanding Access to
Health Care
What is a Health Insurance Exchange?
Exchange Purchasers
Other Health Insurance Options
Federal or State Exchanges
State-Based EXCHANGES
91. Development of the Exchanges
Establishing State Exchanges
The Federal Exchange Rollout: ACA Setback
New York's Success Story
The Oregon Story
Exchange Features
8
Marketplace Insurance Categories
Role of Medicaid
Nurses' Roles with Exchanges
Consumer Education
State Requirements Include Aprns in Exchange Plans
Assessing the Impact of the Exchanges and Future Projections
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
92. Chapter 21 Patient Engagement and Public Policy: Emerging
New Paradigms and Roles
Patient Engagement Within Nursing
Patient Engagement and Federal Initiatives
The VA System: an Exemplar of Patient-Centered Care
From Patient Engagement to Citizen Health
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 22 The Marinated Mind: Why Overuse Is an Epidemic
and How to Reduce It
Commonly Overused Interventions
Reasons for Overuse
Financial Incentives as the Major Cause of Overuse
The Marinated Mind
Physician and Nurse Acknowledgment of Overuse
Public Reporting to Reduce Overuse
Journalists Advocate for More Transparency About Overuse
93. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 23 Policy Approaches to Address Health Disparities
Health Equity and Access
Policy Approaches to Address Health Disparities
Evaluating Patient-Centered Care
Summary
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
9
Chapter 24 Achieving Mental Health Parity
Historical Struggle to Achieve Mental Health Parity
Implications for Nursing: Mental Health Related Issues and
Strategies
Discussion Questions
References
94. Online Resources
Chapter 25 Breaking the Social Security Glass Ceiling: A
Proposal to Modernize Women's Benefits1
Benefits for Women
Strengthening the Program
Changes We Oppose
Strengthening Financing
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 26 The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry
Globalization Concerns
Values Conflict
Direct to Consumer Marketing
Conflict of Interest
Education
Gifts
Samples
Conclusion
95. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 27 Women's Reproductive Health Policy
When Women's Reproductive Health Needs are Not Met
Why Do We Need Policy Specifically Directed at Women?
Women's Health and U.S. Policy
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 28 Public Health: Promoting the Health of Populations
and Communities
The State of Public Health and the Public's Health
Impact of Social Determinants and Disparities on Health
Major Threats to Public Health
Challenges Faced by Governmental Public Health
10
96. Charting a Bright Future for Public Health
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 29 Taking Action: Blazing a Trail...and the Bumps
Along the Way—A Public Health Nurse
as a Health Officer
Getting the Job: More Difficult Than You Might Think
Creating Access to Public Health Care in West New York
On-the-Job Training
Political Challenges
Safe Kid Day Arrives
Nurses Shaping Policy in Local Government
Successes and Challenges
References
Chapter 30 The Politics and Policy of Disaster Response and
Public Health Emergency
Preparedness
Purpose Statement
Background and Significance
97. Presidential Declarations of Disaster and the Stafford Act
Policy Change After September 11
The Politics Underlying Disaster and Public Health Emergency
Policy
The Homeland Security Act
Project Bioshield 2004
Pkemra 2006 and Disaster Case Management
National Commission on Children and Disasters 2009
Threat Level System of the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 31 Chronic Care Policy: Medical Homes and Primary
Care
The Experience of Chronic Care in the United States
Medical Homes
The Role of Nursing in Medical Homes
Patient-Centered Medical Homes: the Future
98. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 32 Family Caregiving and Social Policy
11
Who are the Family Caregivers?
Unpaid Value of Family Caregiving
Caregiving as a Stressful Business
Supporting Family Caregivers
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 33 Community Health Centers: Successful Advocacy
for Expanding Health Care Access
Community Health Centers Demonstrate the Advocacy Process
for Innovation
The Creation of the Neighborhood Health Center Program
Program Survival and Institutionalization
99. Continuing Policy Advocacy
The Expansion of Community Health Centers Under a
Conservative President
Community Health Centers in the Era of Obamacare
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 34 Filling the Gaps: Retail Health Care Clinics and
Nurse-Managed Health Centers
Retail Health Clinics
Access and Quality in Retail Clinics
Retail Clinics and Cost
Challenges and Reactions to the Model
Nurse-Managed Health Clinics
Future Directions for Retail Clinics and NMHCs
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 35 Developing Families
100. The Need for Improvement
Social Determinants and Life Course Model
Innovative Models of Care
Health Care Reform
Barriers to Sustaining, Spreading, and Scaling-Up Models
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 36 Dual Eligibles: Issues and Innovations
12
Who are the Duals?
What are the Challenges?
Health Care Delivery Reforms That Hold Promise
Implication for Nurses
Policy Implications
Discussion Questions
101. References
Online Resources
Chapter 37 Home Care and Hospice: Evolving Policy
Defining the Home Care Industry
Home Health
Hospice
Home Medical Equipment
Home Infusion Pharmacy
Private Duty
Reimbursement and Reimbursement Reform
Hospital Use and Readmissions and the Focus on Care
Transitions
Quality and Outcome Management
The Impact of Technology on Home Care
Championing Home Care and Hospice and the Role of Nurses
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 38 Long-Term Services and Supports Policy Issues
102. Poor Quality of Care
Weak Enforcement
Inadequate Staffing Levels
Corporate Ownership
Financial Accountability
Other Issues
Home and Community-Based Services
Public Financing
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 39 The United States Military and Veterans
Administration Health Systems: Contemporary
Overview and Policy Challenges
The MHS and VHA Budgets
13
Advanced Nursing Education and Career Progression
103. Contemporary Policy Issues Involving MHS and VHA Nurses
Post-Deployment Health-Related Needs
References
Seamless Transition
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Unit 3 Policy and Politics in the Government
Chapter 40 Contemporary Issues in Government
Contemporary Issues in Government
The Central Budget Story
Fiscal Policy and Political Extremism
How Will the Nation's Economic Health be Addressed?
The Impact of Political Dysfunction
Polarization
Loss of Congressional Moderates
Gerrymandering
104. Congressional Gridlock: Where is the President's Power?
Beleaguered Health Care Reform
Implementation Challenges
Increasing Access
Affordable Care Act Costs and Savings
Legal Challenges to the ACA
Immigration Reform: Will Health Care be Included?
Current Health Care Access
The Ethics and Economics of Access
Immigration Health Care Reform Options
Rising Economic Inequality
Measuring Wealth
The Great Recession Reshaped the Economy
Costs of Economic Inequality
Impact of Economic Inequality on Health Equity
Effectively Addressing Economic Inequality
Proposed Policy Strategies
Climate Change: Impacting Global Health
105. Climate Change: It's Happening
Mitigation Versus Adaptation
International Progress
Adaptation is Local
14
Examples of Health in All Policies
Nursing Action Oriented Leadership
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 41 How Government Works: What You Need to Know
to Influence the Process
Federalism: Multiple Levels of Responsibility
The Federal Government
State Governments
Local Government
Target the Appropriate Level of Government
Pulling It All Together: Covering Long-Term Care
106. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 42 Is There a Nurse in the House? The Nurses in the
U.S. Congress
The Nurses in Congress
Evaluating the Work of the Nurses Serving in Congress
Political Perspective
Interest Group Ratings
Campaign Financing
Sources of Campaign Funds
References
Online Resources
Chapter 43 An Overview of Legislation and Regulation
Influencing the Legislative Process
Regulatory Process
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
107. Chapter 44 Lobbying Policymakers: Individual and Collective
Strategies
Lobbyists, Advocates, and the Policymaking Process
Lobbyist or Advocate?
Why Lobby?
Steps in Effective Lobbying
How Should You Lobby?
Collective Strategies
Discussion Questions
15
References
Online Resources
Chapter 45 Taking Action: An Insider's View of Lobbying
Getting Started
Winds of Change Coming in State Legislatures
Political Strategies
There Really is a Need for Lobbyists
Chapter 46 The American Voter and the Electoral Process
108. Voting Law: Getting the Voters to the Polls
Calls for Reform
Voting Behavior
Answering to the Constituency
Congressional Districts
Involvement in Campaigns
Campaign Finance Law
Types of Elections
The Morning After: Keeping Connected to Politicians
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 47 Political Activity: Different Rules for Government-
Employed Nurses
Why Was the Hatch Act Necessary?
Hatch Act Enforcement
Penalties for Hatch Act Violations
U.S. Department of Defense Regulations on Political Activity
Internet and Social Media Influence
109. Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 48 Taking Action: Anatomy of a Political Campaign
Why People Work on Campaigns
Why People Stop Working on Campaigns
The Internet and the 2012 Election Campaign
Campaign Activities
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
16
Chapter 49 Taking Action: Truth or Dare: One Nurse's Political
Campaign
Stepping Into Politics
Ethical Leadership
110. Making a Difference
Lessons Learned
Chapter 50 Political Appointments
What Does It Take to be a Political Appointee?
Getting Ready
Identify Opportunities
Making a Decision to Seek an Appointment
Plan Your Strategy
Confirmation or Interview?
Compensation
After the Appointment
Experiences of Nurse Appointees
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 51 Taking Action: Influencing Policy Through an
Appointment to the San Francisco Health
Commission
111. Democracy and Service to the Health Commission
Checks and Balances of Health Commission Activities
Scope of Work of the Health Commission
Infrastructure of the Health Commission
Balancing Health Commission Service with Academia
Introspection: Re-Experiencing Decision Making on the Health
Commission
References
Chapter 52 Taking Action: A Nurse in the Boardroom
My Political Career
My Campaign
Campaign Preparation
Launching the Campaign
Lessons Learned
The Future
References
Chapter 53 Nursing and the Courts
The Judicial System
17
112. Judicial Review
Reference
The Role of Precedent
the Constitution and Branches of Government
Impact Litigation
Expanding Legal Rights
Reference
Enforcing Legal and Regulatory Requirements
Antitrust Laws and Anticompetitive Practices
Criminal Courts
Influencing and Responding to Court Decisions
Nursing's Policy Agenda
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 54 Nursing Licensure and Regulation
Historical Perspective
The Purpose of Professional Regulation
113. Sources of Regulation
Licensure Board Responsibilities
Licensure Requirements
The Source of Licensing Board Authority
Disciplinary Offenses
Regulation's Shortcomings
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 55 Taking Action: Nurse, Educator, and Legislator: My
Journey to the Delaware General
Assembly
My Political Roots
Volunteering and Campaigning
There's a Reason It is Called “Running” for Office
A Day in the Life of a Nurse-Legislator
What I've Been Able to Accomplish as a Nurse-Legislator
Tips for Influencing Elected Officials' Health Policy Decisions
114. Is It Worth It?
References
Unit 4 Policy and Politics in the Workplace and Workforce
18
Chapter 56 Policy and Politics in Health Care Organizations
Financial Pressures From Changing Payment Models
The Broadening Influence of Outcome Accountability
A Door Opens—Policy to Support the Role of the Nurse
Practitioner
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 57 Taking Action: Nurse Leaders in the Boardroom
Getting Started
Are You Ready?
Discussion Questions
115. References
Online Resources
Chapter 58 Quality and Safety in Health Care: Policy Issues
The Environmental Context
The Policy Context: Value-Driven Health Care
Value-Based Payment and Delivery Models
Impact of Value-Driven Health Care on Nursing
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 59 Politics and Evidence-Based Practice and Policy
The Players and Their Stakes
The Role of Politics in Generating Evidence
The Politics of Research Application in Clinical Practice
The Politics of Research Applied to Policy Formulation
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
116. Chapter 60 The Nursing Workforce
Characteristics of the Workforce
Expanding the Workforce
Increasing Diversity
Retaining Workers
Addressing the Nursing Workforce Issues
Conclusion
19
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 61 Rural Health Care: Workforce Challenges and
Opportunities
What Makes Rural Health Care Different?
Defining Rural
Rural Policy, Rural Politics
The Opportunities and Challenges of Rural Health
117. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 62 Nurse Staffing Ratios: Policy Options
The Establishment of California's Regulations
What Has Happened as a Result of the Ratios?
What Next?
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 63 The Contemporary Work Environment of Nursing
Primary Factors
Secondary Factors
American Hospital Association (AHA) Report
Crucial Communication
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 64 Collective Strategies for Change in the Workplace
118. Building a Culture of Change
Workplace Cultures Differ
Implementing the Change Decision
Examples of Change Decisions
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 65 Taking Action: Advocating for Nurses Injured in the
Workplace
Life Lessons
20
Becoming a Voice for Back-Injured Nurses
Establishing the Work Injured Nurses Group USA (WING USA)
Legislative Efforts to Advance Safe Patient Handling
The Future
References
119. Chapter 66 The Politics of Advanced Practice Nursing
Political Context of Advanced Practice Nursing
The Political Issues
Toward New APN Politics: Overcoming Appeasement and
Apathy
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 67 Taking Action: Reimbursement Issues for Nurse
Anesthetists: A Continuing Challenge
Nurse Anesthesia Practice
Nurse Anesthesia Reimbursement
Advocacy Issues in Anesthesia Reimbursement
TEFRA: Defining Medical Direction
Physician Supervision of CRNAs: Medicare Conditions of
Participation
Medicare Coverage of Chronic Pain Management Services
Conclusion
References
Chapter 68 Taking Action: Overcoming Barriers to Full APRN
Practice: The Idaho Story
Background
120. Nurturing the Passion to Achieve Statutory Change
Building Broad Coalitions and Relationships
Sustaining the Effort and the Vision
Removing Barriers to Autonomous APRN Practice
The Stars Align
The 2012 NPA Revision
Conclusion
Chapter 69 Taking Action: A Nurse Practitioner's Activist
Efforts in Nevada
Being a Leader
Activism Means Leaving Your Comfort Zone
Honing Your Verbal and Nonverbal Messages
Activism Requires Funding Knowledge
Developing Activist Skills Through Experience
References
Chapter 70 Nursing Education Policy: The Unending Debate
over Entry into Practice and the
21
121. Continuing Debate over Doctoral Degrees
The Entry Into Practice Debate
The Entry Into Advanced Practice Debate
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 71 The Intersection of Technology and Health Care:
Policy and Practice Implications
Public Policy Support for HIT
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Unit 5 Policy and Politics in Associations and Interest Groups
Chapter 72 Interest Groups in Health Care Policy and Politics
Development of Interest Groups
Functions and Methods of Influence
122. Landscape of Contemporary Health Care Interest Groups
Assessing Value and Considering Involvement
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 73 Current Issues in Nursing Associations
Nursing's Professional Organizations
Organizational Life Cycle
Current Issues for Nursing Organizations
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 74 Professional Nursing Associations: Operationalizing
Nursing Values
The Significance of Nursing Organizations
Evolution of Organizations
Today's Nurse
123. Organizational Purpose
Associations and Their Members
22
Leadership Development
Opportunities to Shape Policy
Influencing the Organization
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 75 Coalitions: A Powerful Political Strategy
Birth and Life Cycle of Coalitions
Building and Maintaining a Coalition: the Primer
Pitfalls and Challenges
Political Work of Coalitions
Evaluating Coalition Effectiveness
Discussion Question
124. References
Online Resources
Chapter 76 Taking Action: The Nursing Community Builds a
Unified Voice
The Necessity of Coalitions
Coalition Formation
Defining a Coalition's Success: the Importance of Leadership
and Goal Setting
A Perspective on Nursing's Unified Voice
Nursing Unites: the Nursing Community
Conclusion
References
Chapter 77 Taking Action: The Nursing Kitchen Cabinet: Policy
and Politics in Action
The Context
Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 78 Taking Action: Improving LGBTQ Health: Nursing
Policy Can Make a Difference
LGBTQ Rights in the United States
Nursing and LGBTQ Advocacy
125. Taking Action
Conclusion
References
Online Resources
Chapter 79 Taking Action: Campaign for Action
The Future of Nursing Report
23
A Vision for Implementing the Future of Nursing Report
Success at the National Level
Success at the State Level
Conclusion
References
Online Resources
Chapter 80 Taking Action: The Nightingales Take on Big
Tobacco
Tobacco Kills
Ruth's Story
The Personal Becomes Political
126. Compelling Voices
Strategic Planning
Kelly's Story
Policy Advocacy
Shareholder Advocacy: “the NURSES are Coming…”
Extending the Message
What NURSES Can Do
Nursing is Political
Lessons Learned: Nursing Activism
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Unit 6 Policy and Politics in the Community
Chapter 81 Where Policy Hits the Pavement: Contemporary
Issues in Communities
What is a Community?
Healthy Communities
Partnership for Improving Community Health
127. Determinants of Health
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 82 An Introduction to Community Activism
Key Concepts
Taking Action to Effect Change: Characteristics of Community
Activists and Activism
Challenges and Opportunities in Community Activism
Nurses as Community Activists
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
24
Chapter 83 Taking Action: The Canary Coalition for Clean Air
in North Carolina's Smoky
Mountains and Beyond
Lessons in Communicating
Persuasion: the Integrated Resource Plan Example
128. Speaking to Power
Clean Air: a Mixed Blessing
The Crucible of Financial Challenge
Efficient and Affordable Energy Rates Bill
Nurses' Role in Environmental Stewardship
References
Chapter 84 How Community-Based Organizations Are
Addressing Nursing's Role in Transforming
Health Care
Community as Partner and the Community Anchor
Accountable Care Community
Superstorm Sandy
the Population Care Coordinator
Hospital Partnerships and Transitional Care
Vulnerable Patient Study
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
129. Chapter 85 Taking Action: From Sewage Problems to the
Statehouse: Serving Communities
Sewage Changed My Life
My Campaigns
The Value of Political Activity in Your Community
Leadership in the International Community
Mentoring Other Nurses for Political Advocacy
Recommendations for Becoming Involved in Politics
Chapter 86 Family and Sexual Violence: Nursing and U.S.
Policy
Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women
State Laws Regarding Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence
Federal Laws Related to Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence
Health Policies Related to Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence
Child Maltreatment
State and Federal Policies Related to Child Maltreatment
Health Policies Related to Child Maltreatment
Older Adult Maltreatment
State and Federal Legislation Related to Older Adult
Maltreatment
130. 25
Health Care Policies Related to Older Adult Maltreatment
Opportunity for Nursing
Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 87 Human Trafficking: The Need for Nursing Advocacy
Encountering the Victims of Human Trafficking
Advancing Policy in the Workplace
Role of Professional Nursing Associations
Advocating for State Legislation and Policy on Human
Trafficking
Advancing Policy Through Media and Technology
Trafficking as a Global Public Health Issue
The World of the Victims
International Policy
U.S. Response to Human Trafficking
Conclusion
131. Discussion Questions
References
Online Resources
Chapter 88 Taking Action: A Champion of Change: For Want of
a Hug
What Happened?
The Struggle to Find Help
We Got Help, but What About Others?
Commitment in My Community
Meeting Basic Needs
Gang Violence Prevention
It Takes a Village
References
…
120
Case 23
Washing Away
132. Seaview is a small resort community on the Gulf of Mexico.
Blessed with nice beaches and a
good location, Seaview has grown rapidly over the last decade.
The growth has not been
explosive, so that Seaview has maintained a semblance of "good
taste."
Seaview's city engineer, Ramon Martinez, had a number of
sleepless nights during
Hurricane Harvey last year. His biggest concern was a seawall
that protects the first row of
hotels, motels, inns, and restaurants from waves and storm
tides. The seawall withstood the
onslaught, but it was close. Ramon vowed to analyze the city's
vulnerability along the seawall
before the next hurricane season. He has gathered a first cut at
the data, and it is now time to
begin the analysis.
The seawall was designed to withstand a 50-year storm with an
additional cushion
through safety factors. Analysis has shown that Harvey was a
40-year storm for Seaview.
Now after 20 years of storm damage, minor maintenance,
additional data gathering, and
improved design and modeling capabilities, the seawall seems
133. to still be matched to the 50-
year level. Barring destruction by a major storm, the seawall
with proper maintenance and
repair seems likely to last for a century or two.
During the same 20 years, the growth rate has averaged 4%
annually (adjusted for
inflation), rather than the 1% that was originally expected. The
consequences of a large storm
have increased with the rapid growth. Ramon believes that the
50-year standard is probably
inadequate for the larger consequences. This inadequacy will
increase as Seaview's growth is
Case 23 Washing Away
121
not slowing, and the beachfront property that relies on the
seawall continues to be the most
prized.
Ramon has identified three types of alternatives for the city.
First, future risks could be
reduced by restricting development along the seawall. In an
extreme version this could
include condemnation of existing buildings and purchase by the
city. Second, the city could
mitigate the financial consequences through insurance. Seaview
could require that property
owners be insured for hurricane damage. Third, Seaview could
increase the level of
protection by strengthening the existing seawall.
134. Ramon plans to use an 8% interest rate in the evaluation. This is
relatively high, because
Seaview's rapid growth has created many needs and
overstretched facilities. He is planning
on using a long horizon, at least 100 years. The seawall has a
long life, and the higher
severity storms have even longer return intervals.
As strengthening the seawall is his "natural" reaction to the
problem, Ramon started his
analysis with it. The seawall is about 2.3 miles long and is
located between the beach and the
first row of buildings. It is readily accessible from the beach,
and the strengthening project
could easily be completed during the off-season.
The seawall's size and cost increase with the severity of the
storm that it is designed to
withstand. Strengthening the seawall from a 50-year design
standard to a 100-year standard
would cost $3.15 million. Each doubling of the return interval
costs another $3.15 million.
Rebuilding to the 50-year standard would cost $4 million, and
larger seawalls would cost the
same $3.15 million per increase in the design interval.
Table 23-1 summarizes the translation of return intervals into
probabilities that Ramon
plans to use.
Table 23-1 Probabilities for Storm Severity
Return interval 50 100 200 400 800 etc.
135. Inverse cumulative probability .02 .01 .01/2 .01/4 .01/8 etc.
Probability .01 .01/2 .01/4 .01/8 .01/16 etc.
The expected damages depend on the difference between the
storm's severity and the
design standard (interval) used. If the storm's severity is less
than the design standard, then
there is no damage. If the storm's severity matches the design
interval, then damages will
Cases in Engineering Economy 2nd by Peterson & Eschenbach
122
equal about 10% of the protected structures' value. If the
storm's intensity is one interval
higher, then damage will approximate 30% of the structures'
value. For two intervals higher,
the damage increases to 70% of the structures' value and
complete destruction of the seawall.
For three intervals higher, the first row of buildings would be
completely destroyed (salvage
value = cost of cleanup). (See Condominium by John D.
MacDonald). There would still be
no damage to structures on the land side of Beach Boulevard,
because the four-lane divided
parkway and the first row of buildings will act as a bulwark.
The condemnation alternative is politically difficult at best.
First, most owners would not
136. want to sell their property. Second, the appraised value of the
buildings along the beach is
nearly $200 million, and they sit on land worth $60 million.
Another $30 million in
beachfront land has not yet been developed. This $290 million
in property provides only 15%
of the property tax revenue that supports Seaview's services, but
Seaview cannot afford to
“buy it out.” It is probably easier for Seaview to acquire the $30
million in undeveloped land
through condemnation proceedings than to significantly restrict
the value of ensuing
development if it remains in private hands. It may also be easier
for Seaview to condemn
undeveloped rather than developed property.
The head of the city's legal department responded positively to
Ramon's query about the
city's ability to require "hurricane" insurance. So Ramon
conducted a small survey of
building owners along the beachfront to check their insurance
coverage. After the first fifteen
interviews, he called the city attorney and said, "The situation
is far worse than we suspected.
All of the buildings are insured, but not one policy allows for
failure of the seawall. In fact,
six of the policies specifically disallow damage if the seawall
fails." The city attorney
reassured Ramon with the comment that "At least Seaview can't
be sued if the seawall fails."
Buying insurance to cover the damages for these extreme floods
would cost 50% more than
the expected level of damages. Seaview could require it and act
as a central coordinator in
obtaining coverage.
137. Ramon has asked you to prepare a report for his review, which
emphasizes the economic
analysis. He also encouraged you to consider the political
factors that may dominate the
economics. He asked you specifically to include a table
summarizing the trade-offs between
the four alternatives. (There are two versions of the
condemnation alternative).
Case 23 Washing Away
123
Option
It is nine months later, and Hurricane Clara has just destroyed
Seaview's seawall and
beachfront property. Clara was a 400-year storm, and the
actions Ramon had suggested were
still wending their way through the political process.
Disaster relief funds have been approved, but they are only
covering about 60% of the
loss for the private property owners. Seaview appears likely to
fare somewhat better, as the
governor has promised $13.5 million for a seawall designed to
the 200-year standard.
The same alternatives as before exist with some modifications
in their expected cost. For
example, the insurance costs have gone up by a third. On the
other hand, condemnation
would now only require that Seaview pay for the value of the