This document discusses stakeholder analysis, which is an important component of logical framework analysis for project identification and selection. It defines stakeholders as individuals or groups that can affect or be affected by a project. The key steps in stakeholder analysis are: 1) Identifying relevant stakeholders, categorizing them as primary, secondary or external. 2) Analyzing their roles, interests, power and ability to participate. 3) Assessing cooperation and conflicts among stakeholders. 4) Incorporating findings into project design. Stakeholder participation is important and brings benefits like empowerment, but must be implemented carefully through consultation rather than coercion.

1. 2.2 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS:
(ANALYSIS FOR PROJECT
IDENTIFICATION & SELECTION)

2. 1. SH ANALSYSI
ANALYSIS PHASE/COMPONENET OF LFA
– ANALYSIS PHASE/COMPONENET OF LFA
• STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
• PROBLEM ANALYSIS & THE PROBLEM TREE
• ANALYSIS OF OBJECTIVES & THE OBJECTIVE TREE
• ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES

3. 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS
– Assess & analyze an environmental situation needs
– Include analyses of needs, interests, strengths &
weaknesses of key stakeholders & beneficiaries
(stakeholder analysis)
– Explores likely causes & linkages between existing
problems & the needed actions (Problem & objective
analyses)
– Generates key actions & strategies to be applied

4. 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS (1): STAKEHOLDER
ANALYSIS
“A person or group of people who have a vested
interest in the success of an organization &
the environment in which the organization
operates”

5. STAKEHOLDERS
– are individuals/groups/institutions who may
• directly or indirectly
• positively or negatively affect or be affected
• by the activities &/or outcomes of projects.
• Stakeholders are likely to out number project users/beneficiaries.
How do we Determine Relevant Stakeholders Depends on the
• situation &
• type of project to be carried.
• Community is usually a key stakeholder for local based dev’t
initiatives
• SH can be categorized as:
– Primary SHs - direct targeted participants & institutions
– Secondary SHs - the intermediary participants
– External SHs - not formally involved but who may impact or be impacted by the
development program/project.
2.SITUATION ANALYSIS (1): STAKEHOLDER
ANALYSIS

6. 2. Identifying stakeholders
Core issue
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7. 2. Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders: - are people affected by the impact of an
activity & people who can influence the impact of an
activity
• Stakeholders are:
individuals or groups with a direct, significant &
specific stake or interest in a given territory or set of
natural resources &, thus, in a proposed project.
People affected by the project
People who can influence the impact of an activity
• Participation or stakeholder analysis seeks to identify the
major interest groups involved (all those affected by or
involved) in the project.
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8. 2. KEY PLAYERS
• The project manager
– Is responsible for achieving project objectives.
– Manages the project:
• Planning, organizing, leading, controlling (monitoring progress)
• Communicating, balancing conflicting requirements, managing stakeholders, building &
inspiring the team
• Sharing success, accepts all blame!
• Sponsor– the person or group that provides the financial resources, in cash or kind,
for the project
– Project Initiator
– Ensures project relevance
– Helps in objectives setting
• Customer/user/client– the person or organization that will use the project/s
product.
• Performing organization—the enterprise whose employees are most directly
involved in doing the work of the project.
• Project team members– the group that is performing the work of the project
• Project management team– the members of the project team who are directly
involved in project management activities
• Potential opponents: Groups which may oppose or obstruct a project.
• Supplier-- Provides resources
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9. 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS (1):
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
1. Identify the principal stakeholders at various levels – local,
national, regional & international
2. Investigate their roles, interests, & relative powers &
capacities to participate
3. Identify the extent of cooperation or conflict in the
relationships among stakeholders
4. Interpret the findings of the analysis & define how they
should be incorporated into project design

10. 2. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROCESS
• Identify Stakeholders
• Assess needs
• Define actions
• Establish communication channels
• Gather feedback
• Monitor & review

11. 2. Stakeholder Participation
• Active participation is likely to have many benefits, although it is not a guarantee
of project success
• Achieving full participation is not easy. It can also take a lot of time, & conflicting
interests are likely to come to the surface
Coercion
Co-operation/
Partnership
Control,
collective action or
Co-learning
Informing
Consultation
Decided by ourselves
Decided by others
Levels of participation
Being manipulated;
No real power
Being informed,
others set the agenda
Being consulted,
Others analyze &
Decide course action
Work with
others
Little input
by others
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12. 2. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS MATRIX
• How affected by the problem(s)
• Expected impacts of proposed intervention/solution
•
•
Stakeholder How affected
by the
problem
Capacity to
participate in
addressing
the pb
R/ship with
other SH (
partnership or
conflict)
Stakehol
der
Stakeholder’s
Main
objectives
Positive
impacts/
benefits
Negative
impacts/co
sts
Net impact

13. 2. Why stakeholder analysis:
– To identify stakeholders’ interests in, importance to, &
influence over the intervention
– To identify local institutions & processes upon which to
build
– To provide a foundation & strategy for participation
– To develop a strategic view of the human & institutional
situation, & the relationship between the different
stakeholders & the objectives identified.
– provides a useful starting point for problem analysis.
– It involves the identification of all stakeholder groups
likely to be affected (either positively or negatively)
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14. 2. QUESTIONS TO BE RAISED TO IDENTIFY
STAKEHOLDERS ARE;
• Who are likely to be affected?
• Who is responsible for what is intended to be done?
• Who is likely to mobilize for or against what is intended?
• Who can make what is intended more effective through their
participation or less effective by their non-participation or outright
opposition?
• Who can contribute financial & technical resources?
• Whose behavior has to change for the effort to succeed?

15. Projects if planned & implemented in participatory
way, they are a means of empowering people.
Because participation gives;
–access to relevant information
–opportunity to influence decision making
–chance to learn & appreciate.

16. 2. PARTICIPATION ANALYSIS
• Identify all groups involved & categorise as:
– actors
– beneficiaries
– those affected (both supporters & opponents)
• Identify situation for each group
(characteristics, motivation, potential) &
determine possible implications for planning

17. 2.HOW DO WE BEGIN PARTICIPATION?
There is no perfect formula for designing community participation in
development. Below is a simple guide.
1) Be clear with what you want to know & can offer.
2) Try to be non-intrusive. Go slow.
– Be open to all points of view
– Respect local customs, ways of communicating, time frames, & other
demands on people’s time
– Be flexible
– Be prepared to withdraw if appropriate

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3) Select field workers who are culturally acceptable & well trained with tools &
techniques of participation
4) Use a mixture of technical & cultural expertise & sound community participation
techniques.
5) Find ways of listening to more marginalized/less vocal members of the
community.
6) Don’t focus only on needs. In every situation there are resources which can be
tapped & built upon. Hence try to know:
– What resources (materials & skills) does the community have
– Who owns them?
– Who are the power brokers/decision makers in the community?
– What is their relationship with other members of the community?
– What social, economic, & political organizations are there in the community?
– What resources/decision making process do they control?
– What do they represent?
2. HOW DO WE BEGIN PARTICIPATION?

19. 2. WHO SHOULD PARTICIPATE?
• Different groups of the community (youths, women, young female,
elders, etc.) Why?
a lot of different needs which the community wants to address
different priorities that will be suggested
then
trying to bring the ideas of the different group (most difficult &
challenging work of the development planners/workers)

20. 2. EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION
People, not project centered
Arises from the people & not imposed from outside
Reflects the underlying social norms
Transfers decision making to the ultimate beneficiaries
Involves the majority
Consultation not coercion based action
Inclusive of identification, design, appraisal & implementation
Positive rather than negative response
Allows for flexibility wherever possible
Translates local ideas into local activities
Institutions strengthening
Organizationally simple rather than complex
Natural rather than artificial

21. Group discussion
• Think of a project in group & answer the following
questions:
a) Identify possible stakeholders
b) Perform stakeholder analysis
c) Design stakeholder engagement strategy
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