This document summarizes the programmatic approach of GIZ Proklima towards sustainable refrigeration, air conditioning, and foam production. It discusses GIZ Proklima's projects in over 40 countries since 1996 that have helped phase out ozone depleting substances and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It also outlines barriers to using low global warming potential refrigerants and recommendations to overcome these barriers, providing examples of GIZ Proklima projects demonstrating natural refrigerant technologies.
The document summarizes the agenda and activities of the 2011 ECA network meeting on ozone layer enforcement in Europe and Central Asia. Key points include: discussions on illegal trade risks of ODS and HCFCs; diverging HCFC phase-out schedules; iPIC consultation examples; the ECA Ozone Protection Award; and partnerships with organizations like Green Customs and the WCO. The meeting aimed to strengthen cooperation against illegal ODS trade in the ECA region.
The document discusses the potential role of hydrogen and fuel cells in addressing climate change, environmental, and energy challenges. It notes that hydrogen in transportation and stationary applications could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on oil. However, significant challenges remain regarding cost competitiveness compared to conventional technologies, developing fueling infrastructure, and gaining consumer acceptance. Overcoming these barriers will require sustained global cooperation between government and industry.
WALSH, Michael, Former Chairman of the Board, International Council on Clean ...CALSTART
This document discusses particulate emissions from road vehicles and their health effects. It focuses on black carbon as a major component of particulate matter that is strongly linked to adverse health effects and climate change. Technologies now exist to significantly clean vehicles, with standards in Europe and North America reducing particulate emissions by over 90% between 2005 and 2010. However, transportation is expected to continue consuming large amounts of energy without strong new policies. The document outlines regulatory efforts in various regions and technologies like electric and fuel cell vehicles that could reduce emissions from trucks and buses in the long term.
http://www.fujitsu.com/global/solutions/sustainability/ Looking back on Fujitsu’s CSR activities during the previous fiscal year, and a glimpse ahead to 2020 to present a vision of the role that ICT should play. This includes: demonstrating world class technology leadership to step as far as possible into the future, expand the provision of solutions designed to address priorities (food, healthcare, education), achieve our environmental vision of a low carbon, prosperous society. Provide equal opportunities to all people through developing terminals and devices targeting 4 billion internet users, execute businesses that provide opportunities on a global basis, conduct field surveys in developing countries and develop partnerships. Support safe and secure living, by ensuring the stable operation of social ICT infrastructure and cyber security
The best suited powertrain technology for cars should be chosen depending on miles driven per year and type of usage (more or less highway and urban). The ideal powertrain solution is only for a certain set of driving style and usage a gasoline/electric hybrid powertrain. For others a straight diesel powertrain, a gasoline powertrain or a diesle/electric powertrain are the best solutions.
LanzaTech has developed a gas-to-liquid platform that captures and beneficially reuses waste carbon to produce renewable fuels and chemicals. The technology responds to critical 21st century challenges by using industrial waste gases to produce ethanol and other products without impacting food production. LanzaTech aims to have a significant impact on the global fuel pool through large-scale commercial plants processing waste gases.
Keynote Biomethane A Renewable Fuel Greg Archer Low C V PEggfuel
The document discusses the role of alternative fuels, including biomethane, in reducing transport emissions in the UK. It notes that transport emissions are a significant and growing source of emissions that will consume the entire EU emissions cap by 2050 if not addressed. Biomethane is highlighted as a promising renewable fuel for reducing emissions from commercial vehicles and buses, though currently only supplied in small volumes. New policies like the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and EU directives provide support for sustainable biofuels like biomethane that meet certain greenhouse gas reduction thresholds.
The document summarizes the agenda and activities of the 2011 ECA network meeting on ozone layer enforcement in Europe and Central Asia. Key points include: discussions on illegal trade risks of ODS and HCFCs; diverging HCFC phase-out schedules; iPIC consultation examples; the ECA Ozone Protection Award; and partnerships with organizations like Green Customs and the WCO. The meeting aimed to strengthen cooperation against illegal ODS trade in the ECA region.
The document discusses the potential role of hydrogen and fuel cells in addressing climate change, environmental, and energy challenges. It notes that hydrogen in transportation and stationary applications could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on oil. However, significant challenges remain regarding cost competitiveness compared to conventional technologies, developing fueling infrastructure, and gaining consumer acceptance. Overcoming these barriers will require sustained global cooperation between government and industry.
WALSH, Michael, Former Chairman of the Board, International Council on Clean ...CALSTART
This document discusses particulate emissions from road vehicles and their health effects. It focuses on black carbon as a major component of particulate matter that is strongly linked to adverse health effects and climate change. Technologies now exist to significantly clean vehicles, with standards in Europe and North America reducing particulate emissions by over 90% between 2005 and 2010. However, transportation is expected to continue consuming large amounts of energy without strong new policies. The document outlines regulatory efforts in various regions and technologies like electric and fuel cell vehicles that could reduce emissions from trucks and buses in the long term.
http://www.fujitsu.com/global/solutions/sustainability/ Looking back on Fujitsu’s CSR activities during the previous fiscal year, and a glimpse ahead to 2020 to present a vision of the role that ICT should play. This includes: demonstrating world class technology leadership to step as far as possible into the future, expand the provision of solutions designed to address priorities (food, healthcare, education), achieve our environmental vision of a low carbon, prosperous society. Provide equal opportunities to all people through developing terminals and devices targeting 4 billion internet users, execute businesses that provide opportunities on a global basis, conduct field surveys in developing countries and develop partnerships. Support safe and secure living, by ensuring the stable operation of social ICT infrastructure and cyber security
The best suited powertrain technology for cars should be chosen depending on miles driven per year and type of usage (more or less highway and urban). The ideal powertrain solution is only for a certain set of driving style and usage a gasoline/electric hybrid powertrain. For others a straight diesel powertrain, a gasoline powertrain or a diesle/electric powertrain are the best solutions.
LanzaTech has developed a gas-to-liquid platform that captures and beneficially reuses waste carbon to produce renewable fuels and chemicals. The technology responds to critical 21st century challenges by using industrial waste gases to produce ethanol and other products without impacting food production. LanzaTech aims to have a significant impact on the global fuel pool through large-scale commercial plants processing waste gases.
Keynote Biomethane A Renewable Fuel Greg Archer Low C V PEggfuel
The document discusses the role of alternative fuels, including biomethane, in reducing transport emissions in the UK. It notes that transport emissions are a significant and growing source of emissions that will consume the entire EU emissions cap by 2050 if not addressed. Biomethane is highlighted as a promising renewable fuel for reducing emissions from commercial vehicles and buses, though currently only supplied in small volumes. New policies like the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and EU directives provide support for sustainable biofuels like biomethane that meet certain greenhouse gas reduction thresholds.
The document discusses new developments in foam production, including preliminary results from tests of waterblown polyurethane (PU) foams in Iran. It provides an overview of projects funded by GIZ Proklima to phase out HCFCs and transition foam production to low-GWP alternatives like CO2 and waterblown systems. Details provided include a conversion of an extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam line in China from HCFC-142b and HCFC-22 blowing agents to a CO2 and ethanol system.
1) The EPA is responsible for producing Ireland's national greenhouse gas emission inventories and projections, which are submitted to the EU and UN.
2) Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions increased by 27% between 1990-2010 but have decreased by 9% from their peak in 2000. Emissions from the energy sector contribute the most.
3) Ireland is projected to exceed its 2020 EU target for reducing emissions in the non-trading sector (transport, buildings, agriculture, waste) by 20% compared to 2005 levels. Focus is needed on policies and measures to reduce emissions from agriculture and transport.
1) The document summarizes a consultation forum on Hong Kong's climate change strategy, including the government's proposals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50-60% by 2020 through measures such as transitioning to nuclear and natural gas for electricity generation, increasing renewable energy and energy efficiency in buildings.
2) Key questions raised at the forum included whether the proposed 2020 and 2030 emission reduction targets and fuel mix are adequate, and how to further increase energy efficiency in buildings.
3) The International Energy Agency's World Energy Outlook 2010 report provides context on global energy trends and climate change impacts.
This document summarizes a transition to low-emission development. It discusses the need to limit global temperature rise to 2°C by stabilizing carbon dioxide equivalent concentrations at 450 ppm and cutting emissions 50% by 2050. It also notes that the world population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, placing greater pressure on resources. The EU has committed to reducing emissions 20-30% below 1990 levels by 2020 through various policy instruments and legislation. Developing low-emission development strategies and nationally appropriate mitigation actions will be important for achieving long-term sustainable development goals.
Carbon credits represent the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide. The document discusses carbon emissions by country and sector. It describes Kyoto's flexible mechanisms for joint implementation, clean development, and international emission trading to reduce emissions. It notes criticism of carbon trading and India's role as a large emitter seeking to generate billions from trading carbon credits. The future may see a carbon price impact industries and more countries reducing emissions through various policies.
The EPA document discusses greenhouse gas emissions from Ireland's transport sector from 1990 to 2009 and projections to 2020. It finds that transport has been the fastest growing emissions sector since 1990. While Ireland is projected to exceed its annual emissions limits by 2016 without additional measures, the EPA funds transport research and reports emissions to inform policy development and ensure progress towards national targets.
The document discusses climate change, global warming, and the Kyoto Protocol. It provides background on rising global temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions, and the six main greenhouse gases. It then summarizes the Kyoto Protocol, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012. The Clean Development Mechanism is introduced as one of three mechanisms established by the Kyoto Protocol to help countries meet emission reduction targets in a cost-effective manner. CDM allows emission reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction credits that can be counted toward compliance in developed countries.
Asserting Carbon Offsets from Landfill Gas Flaring at Regina’s Landfill Site - Presented at SWANA 5th Canadian Waste Symposium, Banff, Alberta April 21, 2010 By: Paresh Thanawala, P.Eng; QEP
Main findings Working Group 3: Mitigation of Climate ChangeAndy Dabydeen
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's 4th Assessment Working Group III report on mitigating climate change. Some of the main points include:
1) Human activities have increased global greenhouse gas emissions 70% between 1970-2004 and emissions are projected to continue growing in the coming decades without mitigation policies.
2) Significant emission reductions are possible through technologies available now or by 2030 across energy supply, transportation, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste sectors.
3) Modeling estimates mitigation policies could limit GDP impacts to below 3% and even provide economic benefits in some cases, while still allowing emissions to peak and decline below current levels by 2030.
4
This document compares carbon emissions trading systems in Australia, California, and the European Union. It provides macro data on population, GDP, national greenhouse gas inventories, energy production and consumption for each region. Emissions profiles show the largest sources of emissions for each location. The trading systems are then compared based on factors such as targeted reductions, covered sectors, carbon pricing mechanisms, use of offsets, and penalties for non-compliance. The rationale section explains that while the Australian and Californian systems are most relevant locally, the EU ETS was also included due to its importance as the largest emissions trading market.
Laura Burke, Director General of the EPA presentation to Smurfit Business Sch...Alice Charles
The document summarizes a seminar given by the Director General of the EPA on Ireland's need to transition to a low carbon economy. It discusses Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions trends, models for a low carbon economy in Sweden and Norway, challenges and opportunities for Ireland, including in agriculture and energy, the role of carbon pricing through emissions trading and carbon taxes, and examples of resource efficiency programs in Ireland. The conclusion calls for setting ambitious but achievable goals to transition Ireland to a low carbon economy through effective policies that also address behavioral barriers.
Transition to low emission developmentUNDP Eurasia
The document discusses transitioning to low-emission development. It notes that greenhouse gas emissions must be cut 50% by 2050 to keep global temperature increase below 2 degrees Celsius. The transition requires a mix of policies like carbon pricing, clean technology development, reducing deforestation, and behavioral changes. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) are part of developing long-term low-carbon strategies. Support is needed to help countries design and implement low-emission development strategies and NAMAs through tools, guidance, and building national expertise.
The document summarizes the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives project, which analyzes energy technology scenarios and strategies to reduce CO2 emissions. It describes the baseline scenario where emissions double by 2050 and the BLUE scenario where widespread deployment of low-carbon technologies below $175/tCO2 leads to 50% reduction in emissions by 2050 compared to 2005. Buildings sector energy consumption is 5% higher by 2050 than 2007 in the BLUE scenario due to population growth, but OECD regions reduce consumption below 2007 levels through efficiency and decarbonization measures.
The London Green Fund was established in 2009 to invest £100 million in carbon reduction projects that support the city's climate change goals. It focuses on energy efficiency, waste management, and decentralized energy. The fund includes contributions from the London Development Agency, European Regional Development Fund, and is expected to leverage £50 million in private financing. One example investment is a £35 million waste urban development fund to finance recycling and waste processing facilities like a plant that converts plastic waste into new food-grade plastic.
The document discusses the need for an energy technology revolution to meet global energy needs in a sustainable way. It notes some progress but more is needed. Key technologies that could play a role in reducing CO2 emissions include renewables, nuclear, efficiency improvements, and carbon capture and storage. Scenarios show the potential for emissions reductions through deployment of these technologies, but capturing their full potential would require unprecedented rates of new technology uptake.
This document summarizes the key points from an online launch event for the IEA-CSI Technology Roadmap: Low-carbon Transition in the Cement Industry. The event included presentations on the technical analysis and findings of the roadmap, strategies for policy, finance, and international collaboration, and next steps. The roadmap models pathways to reduce CO2 emissions from cement production through increased energy efficiency, alternative fuels, lower clinker content, innovative technologies, and carbon capture. It finds that these measures could reduce cement industry CO2 emissions by up to 90% by 2050 compared to current trends. However, significant investment and cooperation across governments, industry and other stakeholders will be required to achieve this transition.
Outlook for fuel cell vehicles in Europe and analysis of BMW's activitiesChris McAtominey
Was asked to prepare a presentation on the development of fuel cell vehicles in Europe to date and what the likely future holds.
On top of this I was also asked to look into BMW's activities into low carbon vehicles (spoiler: very little)
L verchot c loss luc tropical peatlandstheREDDdesk
1) Carbon loss from land use change and wildfires in tropical peatlands is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Conversion of tropical peat forests to oil palm plantations results in large carbon losses, with 60-90% of the loss coming from drained and oxidizing peat soils.
3) Knowledge gaps remain regarding carbon cycling processes in tropical peatlands, which could be addressed to improve greenhouse gas accounting and identify opportunities for emissions reductions.
The document provides an overview and agenda for an online launch event discussing the IEA-CSI Technology Roadmap for the low-carbon transition in the cement industry. The roadmap analyzes strategies and technologies to reduce carbon emissions from cement production, including improving energy efficiency, increasing the use of alternative fuels and raw materials, reducing the clinker-to-cement ratio, and deploying innovative and emerging low-carbon technologies such as carbon capture and alternative binding materials. It finds that these measures could reduce cement sector emissions by over 80% by 2050 compared to current levels if fully implemented. The event will discuss milestones, actions, and investment needs to achieve this vision through international collaboration between governments and industry.
What can we do in Hungary for safer environment in utilization of SF6UNEP OzonAction
The Hungarian Electrotechnical Association (MEE) established itself as the personnel certification body for working with SF6 gas in Hungary according to EU regulations. MEE developed a training program and examination process to certify personnel in maintenance, installation, and handling of SF6. Over 100 technicians received certification in the first year of the program by completing training and passing the examination administered by MEE. MEE also collects annual reports on SF6 usage in Hungary and shares this data with environmental authorities.
Proper management and responsible use of refrigerantsUNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes Hungary's refrigerant management and certification structure as of October 2011. Key aspects include personnel and company certification in four categories, a real-time IT system for certification and monitoring, and requirements for trace-keeping of the refrigerant lifecycle from production and import through use, recovery, reclamation, and disposal. The goal is a well-organized monitoring system and database to track refrigerant quantities and flows within Hungary and support reporting to EU and Hungarian authorities.
More Related Content
Similar to Programmatic approach for proven and climate friendly technologies
The document discusses new developments in foam production, including preliminary results from tests of waterblown polyurethane (PU) foams in Iran. It provides an overview of projects funded by GIZ Proklima to phase out HCFCs and transition foam production to low-GWP alternatives like CO2 and waterblown systems. Details provided include a conversion of an extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam line in China from HCFC-142b and HCFC-22 blowing agents to a CO2 and ethanol system.
1) The EPA is responsible for producing Ireland's national greenhouse gas emission inventories and projections, which are submitted to the EU and UN.
2) Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions increased by 27% between 1990-2010 but have decreased by 9% from their peak in 2000. Emissions from the energy sector contribute the most.
3) Ireland is projected to exceed its 2020 EU target for reducing emissions in the non-trading sector (transport, buildings, agriculture, waste) by 20% compared to 2005 levels. Focus is needed on policies and measures to reduce emissions from agriculture and transport.
1) The document summarizes a consultation forum on Hong Kong's climate change strategy, including the government's proposals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50-60% by 2020 through measures such as transitioning to nuclear and natural gas for electricity generation, increasing renewable energy and energy efficiency in buildings.
2) Key questions raised at the forum included whether the proposed 2020 and 2030 emission reduction targets and fuel mix are adequate, and how to further increase energy efficiency in buildings.
3) The International Energy Agency's World Energy Outlook 2010 report provides context on global energy trends and climate change impacts.
This document summarizes a transition to low-emission development. It discusses the need to limit global temperature rise to 2°C by stabilizing carbon dioxide equivalent concentrations at 450 ppm and cutting emissions 50% by 2050. It also notes that the world population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, placing greater pressure on resources. The EU has committed to reducing emissions 20-30% below 1990 levels by 2020 through various policy instruments and legislation. Developing low-emission development strategies and nationally appropriate mitigation actions will be important for achieving long-term sustainable development goals.
Carbon credits represent the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide. The document discusses carbon emissions by country and sector. It describes Kyoto's flexible mechanisms for joint implementation, clean development, and international emission trading to reduce emissions. It notes criticism of carbon trading and India's role as a large emitter seeking to generate billions from trading carbon credits. The future may see a carbon price impact industries and more countries reducing emissions through various policies.
The EPA document discusses greenhouse gas emissions from Ireland's transport sector from 1990 to 2009 and projections to 2020. It finds that transport has been the fastest growing emissions sector since 1990. While Ireland is projected to exceed its annual emissions limits by 2016 without additional measures, the EPA funds transport research and reports emissions to inform policy development and ensure progress towards national targets.
The document discusses climate change, global warming, and the Kyoto Protocol. It provides background on rising global temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions, and the six main greenhouse gases. It then summarizes the Kyoto Protocol, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012. The Clean Development Mechanism is introduced as one of three mechanisms established by the Kyoto Protocol to help countries meet emission reduction targets in a cost-effective manner. CDM allows emission reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction credits that can be counted toward compliance in developed countries.
Asserting Carbon Offsets from Landfill Gas Flaring at Regina’s Landfill Site - Presented at SWANA 5th Canadian Waste Symposium, Banff, Alberta April 21, 2010 By: Paresh Thanawala, P.Eng; QEP
Main findings Working Group 3: Mitigation of Climate ChangeAndy Dabydeen
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's 4th Assessment Working Group III report on mitigating climate change. Some of the main points include:
1) Human activities have increased global greenhouse gas emissions 70% between 1970-2004 and emissions are projected to continue growing in the coming decades without mitigation policies.
2) Significant emission reductions are possible through technologies available now or by 2030 across energy supply, transportation, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste sectors.
3) Modeling estimates mitigation policies could limit GDP impacts to below 3% and even provide economic benefits in some cases, while still allowing emissions to peak and decline below current levels by 2030.
4
This document compares carbon emissions trading systems in Australia, California, and the European Union. It provides macro data on population, GDP, national greenhouse gas inventories, energy production and consumption for each region. Emissions profiles show the largest sources of emissions for each location. The trading systems are then compared based on factors such as targeted reductions, covered sectors, carbon pricing mechanisms, use of offsets, and penalties for non-compliance. The rationale section explains that while the Australian and Californian systems are most relevant locally, the EU ETS was also included due to its importance as the largest emissions trading market.
Laura Burke, Director General of the EPA presentation to Smurfit Business Sch...Alice Charles
The document summarizes a seminar given by the Director General of the EPA on Ireland's need to transition to a low carbon economy. It discusses Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions trends, models for a low carbon economy in Sweden and Norway, challenges and opportunities for Ireland, including in agriculture and energy, the role of carbon pricing through emissions trading and carbon taxes, and examples of resource efficiency programs in Ireland. The conclusion calls for setting ambitious but achievable goals to transition Ireland to a low carbon economy through effective policies that also address behavioral barriers.
Transition to low emission developmentUNDP Eurasia
The document discusses transitioning to low-emission development. It notes that greenhouse gas emissions must be cut 50% by 2050 to keep global temperature increase below 2 degrees Celsius. The transition requires a mix of policies like carbon pricing, clean technology development, reducing deforestation, and behavioral changes. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) are part of developing long-term low-carbon strategies. Support is needed to help countries design and implement low-emission development strategies and NAMAs through tools, guidance, and building national expertise.
The document summarizes the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives project, which analyzes energy technology scenarios and strategies to reduce CO2 emissions. It describes the baseline scenario where emissions double by 2050 and the BLUE scenario where widespread deployment of low-carbon technologies below $175/tCO2 leads to 50% reduction in emissions by 2050 compared to 2005. Buildings sector energy consumption is 5% higher by 2050 than 2007 in the BLUE scenario due to population growth, but OECD regions reduce consumption below 2007 levels through efficiency and decarbonization measures.
The London Green Fund was established in 2009 to invest £100 million in carbon reduction projects that support the city's climate change goals. It focuses on energy efficiency, waste management, and decentralized energy. The fund includes contributions from the London Development Agency, European Regional Development Fund, and is expected to leverage £50 million in private financing. One example investment is a £35 million waste urban development fund to finance recycling and waste processing facilities like a plant that converts plastic waste into new food-grade plastic.
The document discusses the need for an energy technology revolution to meet global energy needs in a sustainable way. It notes some progress but more is needed. Key technologies that could play a role in reducing CO2 emissions include renewables, nuclear, efficiency improvements, and carbon capture and storage. Scenarios show the potential for emissions reductions through deployment of these technologies, but capturing their full potential would require unprecedented rates of new technology uptake.
This document summarizes the key points from an online launch event for the IEA-CSI Technology Roadmap: Low-carbon Transition in the Cement Industry. The event included presentations on the technical analysis and findings of the roadmap, strategies for policy, finance, and international collaboration, and next steps. The roadmap models pathways to reduce CO2 emissions from cement production through increased energy efficiency, alternative fuels, lower clinker content, innovative technologies, and carbon capture. It finds that these measures could reduce cement industry CO2 emissions by up to 90% by 2050 compared to current trends. However, significant investment and cooperation across governments, industry and other stakeholders will be required to achieve this transition.
Outlook for fuel cell vehicles in Europe and analysis of BMW's activitiesChris McAtominey
Was asked to prepare a presentation on the development of fuel cell vehicles in Europe to date and what the likely future holds.
On top of this I was also asked to look into BMW's activities into low carbon vehicles (spoiler: very little)
L verchot c loss luc tropical peatlandstheREDDdesk
1) Carbon loss from land use change and wildfires in tropical peatlands is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Conversion of tropical peat forests to oil palm plantations results in large carbon losses, with 60-90% of the loss coming from drained and oxidizing peat soils.
3) Knowledge gaps remain regarding carbon cycling processes in tropical peatlands, which could be addressed to improve greenhouse gas accounting and identify opportunities for emissions reductions.
The document provides an overview and agenda for an online launch event discussing the IEA-CSI Technology Roadmap for the low-carbon transition in the cement industry. The roadmap analyzes strategies and technologies to reduce carbon emissions from cement production, including improving energy efficiency, increasing the use of alternative fuels and raw materials, reducing the clinker-to-cement ratio, and deploying innovative and emerging low-carbon technologies such as carbon capture and alternative binding materials. It finds that these measures could reduce cement sector emissions by over 80% by 2050 compared to current levels if fully implemented. The event will discuss milestones, actions, and investment needs to achieve this vision through international collaboration between governments and industry.
Similar to Programmatic approach for proven and climate friendly technologies (20)
What can we do in Hungary for safer environment in utilization of SF6UNEP OzonAction
The Hungarian Electrotechnical Association (MEE) established itself as the personnel certification body for working with SF6 gas in Hungary according to EU regulations. MEE developed a training program and examination process to certify personnel in maintenance, installation, and handling of SF6. Over 100 technicians received certification in the first year of the program by completing training and passing the examination administered by MEE. MEE also collects annual reports on SF6 usage in Hungary and shares this data with environmental authorities.
Proper management and responsible use of refrigerantsUNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes Hungary's refrigerant management and certification structure as of October 2011. Key aspects include personnel and company certification in four categories, a real-time IT system for certification and monitoring, and requirements for trace-keeping of the refrigerant lifecycle from production and import through use, recovery, reclamation, and disposal. The goal is a well-organized monitoring system and database to track refrigerant quantities and flows within Hungary and support reporting to EU and Hungarian authorities.
The influence on leakage rate of RAC equipmentUNEP OzonAction
The document describes the Dutch approach to reducing refrigerant leakage from HVAC systems through certification of personnel. It began in 1991 with mandatory CFC reduction and a bottom-up certification process for the predominantly small HVAC businesses in the Netherlands. Personnel were required to pass an assessment on refrigerant handling, brazing, and system knowledge. This increased awareness and led to quality improvements like proper refrigerant accounting and leak prevention practices. As a result, refrigerant leakage rates dropped rapidly from over 30% in 1990 to under 5-10% by 1999. The audit process for certified companies and technicians is also summarized.
Energy Performance of Building Directive, energetic inspection, equipment and...UNEP OzonAction
This document summarizes a presentation on the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and its recast. It discusses key aspects of the EPBD including its requirements for energy performance standards, energy certification, and inspection of HVAC systems. The recast aims to strengthen these provisions, calculate cost-optimal energy levels, and set a roadmap for increasing nearly zero-energy buildings. It also discusses Hungary's implementation of the EPBD and certification programs from Eurovent.
Registration of Operators and administration of refrigeration circuits, IT ba...UNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes Hungary's system for registering operators and administering refrigeration circuits using an IT-based logbook to implement ODS and F-Gas regulations. It describes how personnel and companies are certified in different categories. Operators of equipment with over 3kg of refrigerant and mobile systems must register circuits and appoint certified partners. The Hungarian Monitoring and Certification Body's online system allows real-time registration of circuits and storage of technical and administrative documents like leak checks and repairs. Over 31,000 refrigeration circuits have been registered in the system since its launch in 2009.
Scope and tools of theoretical traning and assassementUNEP OzonAction
This document describes the scope and tools used for theoretical and practical training at a vocational school for refrigeration and air conditioning tradespeople established in 1995. It provides details on the school's facilities, equipment, certification, course outlines covering relevant topics, and tools used for hands-on training. The goal is to improve students' knowledge and apply up-to-date information and standards to prepare them for work in the field.
Hungarian Refrigeration and Air Conditioning AssocitationUNEP OzonAction
The Hungarian Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Association (HRACA) was established in 1993 and has 350 members. It aims to connect members, provide information, protect interests, set training standards, and manage events. HRACA oversees personnel certification and established departments for various refrigeration and air conditioning specialties after reforms in 2010 to address new challenges. It has a general assembly, president, department leaders, and central office to carry out its activities.
The document summarizes Hungary's personnel and company certification structure for implementing ODS and F-Gas regulations, as presented in October 2011. It outlines the certification process for personnel, including requirements, categories, interim certificates, assessments, and restrictions. It also describes the company certification process and Hungary's monitoring and certification structure for refrigerants.
"Closed-technology" Certification and Monitoring tools for RAC and HP sectorUNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes Hungary's implementation of certification and monitoring for ozone depleting substances and fluorinated greenhouse gases. It describes the development of Hungary's certification system over time, including establishing a certification body. It also outlines Hungary's current system which includes certification of personnel and companies, registration of operators and equipment, and a database to monitor refrigerants and improve compliance.
The document discusses refrigerant policy and the phase out of HCFCs in Hungary. Key points:
1) Hungary has been phasing out HCFCs according to the Montreal Protocol, with a complete ban on HCFC production and import by 2010 except for servicing existing equipment.
2) Technicians play an important role in the HCFC phase out by properly servicing, recovering, and disposing of equipment and refrigerants. They must be certified and use best practices.
3) Common refrigerants like R-22 are being replaced by alternatives like HFC blends or natural refrigerants depending on the application. Drop-in replacements and retrofits require modifying the system.
The "merged" Hungarian govermental regulationUNEP OzonAction
This document summarizes the Hungarian governmental regulation on activities related to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases). It outlines the key responsible government organs and certification bodies. It also defines important terms, and describes requirements around import/export, containment, leakage checking, reporting, training and penalties. Annexes provide additional details on certification schemes and technological standards. The regulation has been modified over time to align with evolving European Union directives.
National Conferedration of Refrigeration GuidsUNEP OzonAction
The document discusses the REAL Skills Europe training scheme for reducing refrigerant emissions and leakage. It provides:
- An e-learning program with 4 modules covering environmental, legal, and technical best practices for minimizing refrigerant leakage.
- Online assessments to test knowledge with a final assessment involving a site survey report.
- A REAL Skills Europe register for technicians who complete the training to promote their expertise in leakage reduction.
- The goal of the training is to increase awareness of refrigerant emissions issues and provide practical guidance and tools to help lower emissions across the refrigeration and air conditioning industry in Europe.
The Duch approch - Netherlands experience from 1991 till F-gas regulation in ...UNEP OzonAction
The document describes the Dutch approach to regulating personnel competence in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump (RAC) systems. It discusses the establishment of STEK in 1992 as a private foundation overseen by the Dutch government to set guidelines for RAC technician qualifications and company regulations based on EN 13313. STEK assesses technicians through modules covering theoretical, brazing, refrigerant handling, and installation inspection skills. The assessment process began with on-site evaluations and has evolved according to changing EU regulations.
This document provides an overview of French regulations for implementing the F-Gaz regulation, which concerns refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs. It describes the French system, which requires operator certification and staff certification, equipment traceability, leak reporting, and other obligations. It also introduces DATAFLUIDES, a centralized online computing system that allows all actors like certified companies and the Ministry to track information on refrigerant operators, staff certifications, and annual reporting obligations. The system aims to improve traceability and help ensure all actors comply with regulation requirements.
EPEE is promoting the EU F-Gas Regulation and calls for its revision to further reduce emissions. The regulation has started to deliver emission reductions through its containment and reporting requirements. If fully implemented, it could stabilize emissions at current levels. However, to meet the EU's 2050 climate goals, more efforts are needed. EPEE supports a balanced phase-down approach over prescriptive bans to promote energy efficiency and innovation while reducing emissions.
Thematic meeting on HPMPs, certification and log-booksUNEP OzonAction
This document summarizes a meeting in Budapest, Hungary on HPMPs, certification and logbooks for the Regional Ozone Network for Europe and Central Asia. It provides information on HCFC phase-out schedules, trends in HCFC use from 2009-2010 in various countries, and the benefits of the Montreal Protocol HCFC phase-out for ozone protection and climate change mitigation. Tables outline whether countries in the region have certification schemes for servicing companies and technicians, as well as whether they implement HCFC and equipment logbooks.
This document discusses the HCFC phase-out and its associated climate benefits. It contains the following:
1) An introduction from the Indonesian Environment Minister highlighting Indonesia's commitment to phasing out HCFCs in cooperation with industry and international partners to achieve climate benefits.
2) Short articles on projects demonstrating HCFC alternatives in developing countries led by UNDP, UNIDO, the World Bank and others.
3) Additional pieces on challenges and opportunities for meeting the HCFC phase-out in countries like China, the Gulf, Australia and discussions of technologies, energy efficiency, the informal prior informed consent mechanism and more.
This document summarizes information from an EPA investigation into the smuggling of ozone depleting substances. It discusses EPA's criminal investigation division and efforts to enforce regulations on ODS under the Clean Air Act and Montreal Protocol. The document outlines a case called Operation Catch-22 that targeted an international criminal network involved in smuggling the ODS HCFC-22. It provides details on the criminal cases brought against importers, distributors, and others involved in the smuggling operation.
The Montreal Protocol established a staggered schedule for phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) that unintentionally contributed to illegal trade. Developing countries were given a 10-year grace period, creating potential for smuggling ODS into developed countries after their 1996 ban. In response, parties adopted licensing systems to track trade and a framework requiring import/export licenses. However, illegal trade continues due to discrepancies in reported trade data, possible illicit production, weak transit controls, and lack of priority given to enforcement. As HCFC phase-outs begin, black market trade is a concern that could threaten compliance with the Protocol.
UNEP has worked to strengthen countries' environmental enforcement capacities through various initiatives. These include supporting the development of national environmental laws, building judicial and enforcement officials' awareness and skills through training programs, and facilitating cooperation and information sharing between countries. However, gaps remain regarding enforcement due to factors like insufficient prioritization of environmental issues, lack of coordination, and limited resources. UNEP's ongoing work aims to further build capacities and promote environmental justice through guidelines, partnerships, and international platforms for collaboration.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Programmatic approach for proven and climate friendly technologies
1. Programmatic approach towards
sustainable refrigeration, air conditioning and foam production
GIZ Proklima International
UNEP ECA Network Meeting
10th May 2011, Belgrade
Bernhard Siegele, GIZ-Proklima
Projects funded by
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Seite 1
2. Since the 1st January 2011 the GTZ changed it’s name to GIZ due
to a merger with:
DED – Deutscher Entwichlungsdienst GmbH
InWent – Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung
GmbH
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Seite 2
3. Introduction GTZ Proklima
GIZ Ltd. (GmbH)
International cooperation enterprise for sustainable development with
worldwide operations, established in 1975.
Currently, ca. 2,600 development projects and programmes in
126 countries with 67 own offices. App. 18,000 employees, of which
1,400 people employed at the Head Office in Eschborn near Frankfurt
am Main
PROKLIMA – a programme within GIZ
Since 1996 following guidelines and resolutions adopted in the 1987 “Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer”.
Advises governments of partner countries, companies on drafting local
regulations , setting policies and replacement of ozone depleting technologies.
Cooperates with 30 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the fields of
refrigeration, foam blowing, fire fighting equipment and agriculture
Since 1996 over 235 projects in almost 40 countries, with an overall volume of
close to US$ 45 million.
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Seite 3
4. Proklima
15 years worldwide initiatives
~ 235 projects
~ 40 countries
~ 8,000 ODP tons reduced
~ 100 Mio tons CO2eq.
reduced
Focus on natural refrigerants with low-GWP and energy-
efficient applications
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Seite 4
5. HCFC phase-out and HFC phase down
Montreal Protocol Obligation to phase out the
use of HCFCs until 2030
Proposals to phase-down the use of HFCs until
2030s
HCFC Phase out HFC-Phase down proposals
100% 100%
80% 80%
60% 60%
NAProposal
40% 40% FSM Proposal
20% 20%
0% 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
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Seite 5
6. worldwide HFC-emissions
40
projection till 2050
35
30
total CO2 emissions target in order to
25 achieve 450 ppm atmospheric
Gt CO2eq
concentration levels (IPCC 3rd
20 Assessment Report)
15
2050: 43,5% of
total CO2eq
10 2010: 1,3% of total emissions
CO2eq emissions
5
HFC-emissions
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
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8. RAC equipment
RAC equipment that has high energy consumption
Efficiency of refrigerating system
Efficiency of ancillary components (lighting, motors,
heaters, etc)
RAC equipment that currently uses HCFCs, HFCs, etc
Reduce refrigerant leakage, handling losses
Substitute with natural refrigerant
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Seite 8
10. emissions factor (kgCO2/kWh) .
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Botswana
Cambodia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
India
Malta
Oman
Cuba
Bahrain
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
South Africa
Brunei Darussalam
United Arab Emirates
Iraq
Turkmenistan
Jamaica
Hong Kong, China
Gibraltar
Israel
Cyprus
People's Rep. of China
FYR of Macedonia
Focus on
efficiency
Trinidad and Tobago
Saudi Arabia
Netherlands Antilles
Senegal
Morocco
Benin
Indonesia
Estonia
Yemen
Bangladesh
Eritrea
Chinese Taipei
Other Africa
Kuwait
Serbia
Lebanon
Qatar
Dominican Republic
emissions factor
Malaysia
Syrian Arab Republic
Algeria
Jordan
Zimbabwe
RAC equipment
Mongolia
Tunisia
Mexico
Islamic Rep. of Iran
Thailand
Singapore
Nicaragua
Sudan
Bulgaria
Haiti
Republic of Moldova
Bolivia
Kazakhstan
Turkey
DPR of Korea
Korea
Uzbekistan
Egypt
Philippines
Gabon
Romania
Azerbaijan
Pakistan
Honduras
Vietnam
Nigeria
Togo
Sri Lanka
Croatia
Chile
Slovenia
Côte d'Ivoire
Guatemala
Ghana
Ukraine
Argentina
Myanmar
Former Soviet Union
Ecuador
Russian Federation
Panama
Kenya
Cameroon
Belarus
– Dictates the focus (although may also be both)
El Salvador
United Rep. of Tanzania
Venezuela
Canada
Peru
Latvia
Armenia
Georgia
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Angola
Colombia
Lithuania
Uruguay
Congo
Namibia
Kyrgyzstan
Brazil
Costa Rica
Albania
Seite 10
Page 10
Ethiopia
Tajikistan
Zambia
(emissions and
Focus on
refrigerant type)
refrigerant
Nepal
Considerations based on developing country national
Dem. Rep. of Congo
Mozambique
11. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
Introduction
The “default” replacement for R22 is HFCs
Decision 60/44, ExCom recommends that climate (GWP,
energy) be considered when choosing alternatives to
HCFCs
If R22 is replaced with HFCs, the “average” GWP from
the mix is around 3,000 (compared to 1,800 for R22)
With >10% annual growth of HCFC use in Article 5
countries significant increase in GHG emissions
For 2009, emissions approx. 400 m tCO2-eq 670 m
tCO2-eq if HFC used 1,300 m tCO2-eq in 2010
One option to help avoid such emissions is through use of
alternative refrigerants with low-GWP
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Seite 11
12. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
Refrigerants to consider
• Those under consideration, and their main technical issues
R-717 (ammonia)
― Higher toxicity, low flammability, cannot use copper
systems
HCs – R-290 (propane), R-1270 (propylene)
― High flammability
R-744 (carbon dioxide)
― Very high working pressures, low critical temperature /
transcritical cycle at higher ambient temperatures
Unsaturated HFCs – R1234yf, R1243zf, etc
― Very new, probably rather costly, not commercialised yet
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Seite 12
13. Barriers and solutions for
application of natural refrigerants
Barriers Solution/approach
flammability, Implementation of relevant safety measures
risk of explosion, Capacity building measures
toxicity For conversions of production lines:
support for re-design (safety and energy efficiency)
restrictive standards Advice on new standards, considering the application
of natural refrigerants
higher investment Demonstration projects in order to prove operative
costs savings and to allow sound decisions
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Seite 13
14. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
General recommendations
Nine fields where opportunities lie for encouraging
uptake of low-GWP alternatives
Awareness-raising,
Training,
Guidance,
Technical development,
Market development,
Financial incentives,
Regulatory infrastructure,
Montreal Protocol substantive issues,
ENGOs
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Seite 14
15. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
General recommendations
Awareness-raising
Highlight the importance of the (climate) problem and the
possibilities of (low-GWP) options available
Training
Critical to adopt dedicated training – specific to each individual
low-GWP alternative and specific to application/end use
Guidance
High quality guidance of what low-GWP alternative, when, where
and how; also targeted to specific stakeholder groups
Technical development
Improving efficiency of R744 AC systems for warm climates,
reducing refrigerant charge sizes for HC systems, safety control
mechanisms for system using flammables
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Seite 15
16. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
General recommendations
Market development
Stimulate industry involvement with low-GWP alternatives; encourage
local manufacturing, develop product directories, etc
Financial incentives
Subsidies for using low-GWP, tax incentives for low-GWP / tax
disincentives for high-GWP
Regulatory infrastructure
Impose better control of industry to work safely, modify regulations that
inhibit low-GWP alternatives, ensure safety standards are constructive
Montreal Protocol substantive issues
Decision-making bodies to introduce more incentives, HPMP
consultants should be better assisted to embrace low-GWP
alternatives
ENGOs to more actively lobby on the high/low-GWP issue
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Seite 16
17. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
General recommendations
How & where stakeholders can affect process
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Seite 17
18. Programmatic approach
Cross sectoral
Cross-conventional (Montreal/Kyoto/Basel/Stockholm)
From technology demonstration to sector conversions
Optimized application of natural refrigerants/blowing agents
Cooperation with all main stakeholders – massive
involvement of private industry;
Local added value (localization of technology, local
assembly; value chain)
Capacity development (individuals, organisations,
institutions, networks)
Complementary funding
Accessibility to climate negotiations & future climate regime
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Seite 18
19. Environmental technology transfer to
developing countries
Sector development
CFC (HCFC HFC ) LOW GWP + EE applications and systems
Capacity Management/
Networking
development Support
• Policy advise • Cooperation models • Public relations
• Institutional/ (PPP, JV, ... ) • Marketing
legal frame • R&D partnerships • Promotion and
conditions • Brokerage between dissemination of
• Pilot projects associations results
• Standards/ Labelling • Co-financing
• Qualification/ Training • Measuring, verification,
reporting
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Seite 19
20. Programmatic approach
Cold Moderate Hot/dry Tropical
Domestic Greenfreeze, R600a ref.,
Refrigeration worldwide Swasiland,
SolarChill
ICR NH3/CO2 Solar Ref. NH3 AC,
supermarket, Jordan/Gulf Mauritius;
South Africa; Solar Ref.
Refrigerated Mexico,
transport Indonesia
RAC R290 split, R290 split,
China, India China,
worldwide
PU foam Swasiland
XPS foam Ukraine China, Iran
Servicing Iran, India India Brazil
Recycling/De Ukraine Brazil
struction
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Seite 20
21. Proklima Introduction
Proklima
Promotes Technology Transfer through mutual partnerships
Assists partner enterprises in developing countries to acquire, use
and further develop technology know-how for sustainable business
development
Recognizes that environmental protection will work best, when it is
also good business.
Environmentally safe, sustainable technology must be widely
introduced through business partnerships to effectively protect the
future of our children.
Germany, as an industrialized country, did a lot of the environmental
damage we are trying to fix today.
ECA fast growing economies are developing in a similar way
( EU harmonisation/accession).
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23. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
GIZ Proklima activities to help
overcome barriers
Example: Demonstration project of
production of climate-friendly air
conditioners (China)
Project introduces HCs to the
production of room air-conditioning
systems using HCs at Gree Electric
Appliances Inc.
Conversion to HC will reduce
emissions from currently used ozone-
and climate-damaging HCFCs
Enables manufacturer to develop
experience of handling production
and design of ACs using HCs
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Seite 23
25. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
GIZ Proklima activities to help
overcome barriers
Example: Conversion of large
air-conditioning systems in public
buildings (Mauritius)
Replacing old, inefficient central air-
conditioning systems in public
buildings
With new (R717) ammonia chillers
in country with tropical climate
Project avoids emissions of high-
GWP, ODS refrigerants
Meets all safety requirements of
European safety standard
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Seite 25
29. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
GIZ Proklima activities to help
overcome barriers
Example: Conversion of
supermarket systems (South
Africa)
Replacing conventional centralised
supermarket systems, Pick and Pay
With R744 (carbon dioxide) and
R744/R717systems in country with
hot climate
20-25% higher energy-efficiency
Project avoids emissions of high-
GWP, ODS refrigerants
Meets all safety requirements of
European safety standard
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Seite 29
30. Energy efficiency
Cape Town Gauteng
400 400
[kWh/m2 gekühlter Displayfläche]
Displayfläche
[kWh/m2 gekühlter Displayfläche]
Displayfläche
300 300
Energieverbrauch,
Energieverbrauch
Energieverbrauch, ,
200 200
100 100
0 0
Strand Average Cape Town Randpark Ridge Average Gauteng
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Seite 30
32. Outcomes – Contractors view
25% to 30% higher than HCFC systems after re-costing using
locally manufactured plant (local components, local know-how)
Store energy use is at least 15% better than comparable modern
stores
ROI 3-4 years
Safety requirements in installation and operation is new to
commercial industry; industrial companies are used to this
Plant rooms planned preferably on the roof
Ammonia leaks are rare and quickly attended to
System life expectancy is at least 5 years longer than traditional
supermarket systems
New technology for natural refrigerants are being developed and
thus will be increasingly part of future commercial refrigeration
systems
Challenges from continued store operations while installation
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Seite 32
33. Outcomes – Pick ‘n Pay view
New strategy on climate friendly stores
Revision of company standards
No more HCFCs in new or refurbished stores
Pilots to include Air Conditioning in NR-system
(Natural Refrigerants)
Allocations in annual budget
Cooperation and exchange with other players in the
market (benchmarking scheme being discussed)
Main competitors (Checkers, Spar, Woolworth, Shopwise,
Makro) taking up technology and converting stores
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Seite 33
34. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
GIZ Proklima activities to help
overcome barriers
Example: Demonstration project of
production of climate-friendly
commercial refrigeration
(Swaziland)
Project introduces the production of
stand-alone commercial refrigeration
units HCs at Palfridge
Conversion to HC will reduce
emissions from previously used ozone-
and climate-damaging refrigerants
Product range redesigned to meet
international safety standards
Up to 40% improvement in energy use
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Seite 34
35. Success of Greenfreeze
technology diffusion in China
Greenfreeze Technology Diffusion in
o 1995: Company Quingdao Chinese Refrigerator and Freezer
Production
Haier introduced
Greenfreeze Technology, 80%
supported by GTZ 70%
% of Production using Greenfreeze
60%
o 2009: 93 mio units
(ca.75% of Chinese 50%
production) with 40%
Greenfreeze Technology
30%
o Saved (since introduction):
ca. US$ 350 mio; 20%
ca. 150 mio tCO2eq 10%
o With Palfridge project
0%
technology also introduced 1995 2003 2008
in Africa
24.05.2011 Seite 35
36. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
GIZ Proklima activities to help overcome
barriers
Example: action plan in China
to implement flammable
refrigerants in air conditioning
sector
Development of plan in
collaboration with industry for
widespread use of low-GWP
flammable refrigerants
Includes development activities,
training, standards and codes of
practice
Helps smooth the transition
from ODS, high-GWP to
climate-friendly options
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Seite 36
37. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
GIZ Proklima activities to help
overcome barriers
• Example: Comprehensive guidance on low-GWP technology
― Translated/translating into many languages
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Seite 37
38. Barriers to low-GWP refrigerants
GIZ Proklima activities to help
overcome barriers
Example: training on
the use of HCs in
southern Africa region
Thorough, dedicated
training-the-trainer to
use HCs
Helps smooth the
transition from ODS,
high-GWP to climate-
friendly options
Increases confidence of
technicians
Safety information does
not get “lost”
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Seite 38
40. Current project proposals
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) in
refrigeration, AC and foam sectors (IN, TH, RSA, MEX)
Transport Refrigeration (South Africa)
Solar Refrigeration and Air Conditioning for Commercial
and Industrial Applications) – JO, MX,
Cool Chain for commercial applications (e.g. fruit juice
industry South Africa)
Cold Stores (China)
German Green Cooling Initiative (global)
Harmonization of Refrigeration and AC standards &
WEEE – European Standard (Ukraine)
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Seite 40
41. Potential cooperation with ECA
countries
German International Climate Initiative (IKI)
Technology Demonstration (foam, refrigeration with
natural, non-ODS, low-GWP alternatives) Sector
Approach
Harmonisation of standards, regulations, systems
Tri-Generation (steam, heat, cooling)
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / Energy Efficiency for
Commercial and Industrial Applications
Pilot area for HC room air conditioning unit (tourism resort)
Development Partnerships with private sector (PPP) on topics
like standards, vocational training (along cool chain)
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Seite 41
42. Thank you!
Contact:
Proklima International
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg1-5
65760 Eschborn, Germany
Email: bernhard.siegele@giz.de
Internet: www.gtz.de/proklima
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