This document provides instructions for making a Sri Lankan egg curry in several steps. First, hard boil eggs for 7 minutes then cool them in cold water. Next, cook onion, carrot, pepper and celery in butter and oil for 5 minutes. Then, add garlic, ginger, turmeric, curry powder and flour and cook for 2 more minutes. Finally, add creamed coconut, simmer for 20 minutes, add eggs and heat through before serving with rice and chutney.

1. Procedural Text

2. There are two types of process writing: the “how to” approach and the “how it
happens” approach. In process writing, you explain or describe each step in a
series of actions
In the “how to” approach, you give specific instructions to the reading, teaching
him or her how to do something.
Some examples:
How to prepare for a job interview
How to apply for financial aid
How to decorate a wedding cake

3. PROCEDURE TEXT
Social Function
Factual designed to describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions
or steps.
Schematic Features
Goal
Steps 1 –n (i.e. goal followed by a series of
steps oriented to achieving the goal)
Language Features
Focus on generalized human agents
Use of simple present (plus sometimes imperative)
Use of mainly temporal conjunctive relations
Use of mainly material (action) clauses
Please refer to other sources for simple present tense and material clauses.

4. Generalized human agents
Humans have a special status in language because of its
anthropocentric nature.
Generalized or non-specific human have yet a different status, which can have various
grammatical realizations.
In English, for example, they, you, and one can all be used with generalized meaning, as in
They wont be back until the break of dawn.
You can never trust your family.
One can not simply walk into Mordor
Generalized humans can be limited by contextual clues such as In Paris they drink a lot of
wine, the drinkers are not all of humanity but people living or perhaps visiting Paris.
(McShane, pp: 206-207))

5. Expressing Mood
Use of imperatives
Expressing Mood = Speakers desire for the action expressed in the sentence to
take place. Usually ends in exclamation mark.
Example:
. . . You are too loud, Stop Talking!
Don’t leave me here by myself.
Keep at it.

6. Temporal Conjunctions
Temporal
The relation between the two successive sentences, as content – may be
one of the sequence in time: the one is subsequent to the other. This
temporal relation is expressed in its simplest form by “then”
(Halliday and Hasan pp: 261-263)

7. Temporal conjunctive relations
Simple temporal relations (external)
Sequential: (and) then, next, afterwards, after that, subsequently
Simultaneous: (just) then, at the same time, simultaneously
Proceeding: earlier, before then/that, previously
Complex temporal relations (external)
Immediate: at once, thereupon, on which, just before
Interrupted: soon, presently, later, after a time, some time earlier,
formerly,
Repetitive: next time, on another occasion, this time, on this
occasion, the last time, on a previous

8. occasion
Specific: Next day, five minutes later, five minutes earlier
Durative: meanwhile, all this time
Terminal : by this time, up until that time, until then
Punctiliar: next moment, at this moment, the previous moment.
Conclusive
Simple: finally, at last, in the end, eventually.

9. Sequential and conclusive relations (external) : correlative forms
Sequential : then, next, secondly
Conclusive: Finally, as a final point, in conclusion
Temporal relations (internal): correlative forms
Sequential: first….next, first….then, first….secondly…;
in the first place…;to begin with….
Conclusive: …finally, to conclude with

10. Alice began by taking the little golden key, and unlocking the door that led in to the
garden. Then she set to work nibbling at the mushroom….till she was about a foot
high: then she walked down the little passage; and then – she found herself at last in
the beautiful garden.
The other expressions of temporal relationship besides then and end then
are next, afterwards, after that, subsequently, following, later, since.
…she heard a little shriek and a fall, and a crash of broken glass, from which she
concluded that it was just possible it had fallen into a cucumber frame or something
of the sort. Next came an angry voice – the Rabbit’s – Pat! Pat! Where are you? And
then a voice she had never heard before…

11. In addition other components may also make up temporal relation more
specific in conveying meaning, as well as succession in time.
then + immediately (at once, thereupon, on which)
then + after an interval (soon, presently, later, after a time)
then + repetition (next time, on other occasion)
then + a specific time interval (next day, five minutes later)
In the sense of simultaneous there are at present, at this point,
simultaneously, at the same time, meantime, meanwhile, in the mean time,
now, presently, then relative, and when.
Temporal relation may occur in correlative form that is an anaphoric time
expression in one sentence anticipating the anaphoric one that is to follow.
The typical anaphoric temporal is: first, first of all, at first etc. And the
expectation will follow that is an item such as next, then, second, or finally:

12. Modelling of Text
Goal
Steps
To Make Stained Glass Figures
1. First you take a piece of cardboard and one
piece of chalk.
2. Then you draw something on the cardboard.
3. Next you cut it out where you want light to go
through.
4. Then use a pencil to trace around the thing you
drew.
5. Stick different colored cellophane paper over
the areas that have a hole.
6. When you have finished this, stick it on the
window.

13. Sri Lankan Egg Curry
This curry borrows the Sri Lankan idea of using coconut to thicken and flavor it. You need to
use creamed coconut, which is unsweetened and contains all the natural coconut oil. It’s
available at most supermarkets.
The eggs need to be hardboiled, so cover them with cold water in a small saucepan, then
bring them up to the boil and give them 7 minutes from then. Next take them off the heat and
run them under cold water to cool them.
Meanwhile, heat the butter and oil in a small casserole or frying-pan with a lid, then add the
prepared onion, carrot, pepper and celery and stir them around to get them nicely coated.
Cook for 5 minutes before adding the garlic and the ginger and continue to cook for another
couple of minutes. Then stir in the turmeric, curry powder and flour and stir to soak up the
juice. Now gradually add the hot water, stirring after each addition to make a smooth sauce.
Season with salt and pepper, then stir in the creamed coconut. Cover the pan and simmer the
vegetables gently for 20 minutes or until they are all tender. Then taste to check the
seasoning and add a tiny bit of lemon juice to sharpen it.
Finally, peel the hard-boiled eggs, slice them in half lengthways, then arrange them in the
curry making sure they are covered by the sauce. Simmer for just a minute more to heat
them through, then serve with rice and chutney.