This document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI). It notes that AKI is common in ICU patients and associated with increased mortality. Sepsis and postoperative/toxic causes are common. It defines AKI and discusses causes including prerenal, postrenal, and intrarenal. For intrarenal causes, it mentions glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, and sepsis-induced AKI. It reviews diagnosis and novel biomarkers. Prevention and treatment sections discuss volume expansion, diuretics, vasopressors, vasodilators, sedation, hormonal manipulation, metabolic interventions, statins, and renal replacement therapy.