IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Modern and Experimental Study on stabilization of Marine Clay by using coir...ijtsrd
Here, in this project, marine soil stabilization has been done with the help of randomly distributed polypropylene fibres obtained from waste materials. The improvement in the shear strength parameters has been stressed upon and comparative studies have been carried out using different methods of shear resistance measurement. Reinforcement of soils with natural coir is potentially an effective technique for increasing soil strength. Coir fibre is a degradable material. coir fibre is mixing where coir fibre is not degradable. The marine clay stabilization mostly used chemicals and other types of ashes, this study have been carried out using with coir fibre material. The present investigation aims to explore the performance of different percentages coir fibre material reinforced with marine clay. Harish Parimi | Lavanya Punnam | Haragopal Peddinti"A Modern and Experimental Study on stabilization of Marine Clay by using coir fibre for Foundation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12706.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/12706/a-modern-and-experimental-study-on-stabilization-of-marine-clay-by-using-coir-fibre-for-foundation/harish-parimi
Parametric Characterization and Model Prediction of CBR Values of Stabilized ...IJMER
Quarry dust and lime were deployed for this stabilization experiments. Quarry dust is a byproduct
or sediments derived from the crushing of limestone. This soil modifying agent has a high
percentage of fines. Its application increases the CBR values on a range varying from 10%, 20%, 30%,
40% residual soil against 56%, 71%, 104%, 140% CBR contents of Orukim residual soils respectively.
Further increase in quarry dust content from 50% to 70% resulted in decreased values of CBR. The
samples were equally devoid of plasticity hence less useful in engineering applications. Lime stabilized
soil can be used for both base and sub-base materials. The oxides and hydroxides of calcium and
magnesium are considered as lime, but the materials most commonly used for lime stabilization are
calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and dolomite Ca(OH)2 + MgO. The dolomite however, should not have
more than thirty six percent by weight of magnesium oxide (MgO) to be acceptable as a stabilizing
agent. The lime stabilized samples were soaked for ninety six hours to ascertain the contribution of
curing duration on the CBR parameters. Results indicate variations along the range of 2%, 4%, 6%,
8%, 10% against 80%, 92%, 99%, 110%, 169% of lime and CBR contents respectively.These values
are statistically significant. Finally multiple nonlinear regressed models were developed to aid
prediction and optimization of CBR values of Orukim residual soils at various levels of stabilization
Using rbi grade 81 a comparative study of black cotton soil and lateritic soileSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
STUDY ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USED FOR PAVING BLOCKSAM Publications
Paver block is used in various applications like in street road and other construction places. Portland cement generates large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is responsible for global warming hence it is a greenhouse gas. And the concrete paver block production consume large amount of water and space for curing purpose. The other great problem today is disposal of solid waste from Coal fired thermal power plants generate fly ash and pond ash. This project combined sustainability, curing free with waste management leading to a wonderful product called geo-polymer concrete pavers. This paper represents the results of the geopolymer concrete paver block with the mix of M40 grade Test results indicate that low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete pavers has excellent compressive strength within short period (3 days) without water curing & suitable for practical applications
Soil stabilization can be done in many ways. But the stabilization using waste plastic fibers is an economic method since the stabilizer used here is waste plastic materials, which are easily available. A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable.
soil stabilizers for sale
soil stabilizer products
spray on soil stabilizer
soil stabilizer equipment
liquid soil stabilizer
soil binder and stabilizer
soil stabilizer polymer
enzyme soil stabilizers
Plastic as a soil stabilizer ppt
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
Stabilization of Expansive Soil Subgrade Using Recycled Carpet Waste and Fly AshEditorIJAERD
The structure of asphalt pavements subjected to problems and collapse for many reasons one of them, when
pavement section built on swelling soil, which has volumetric change due to variation of water content, which results the
appearance of cracks collapse. For this reason, additives are used for treating expansive soil and increase its efficiency.
Polymers are one of many types of additives; there are two types of polymers natural and synthetic. Using carpet
disposal waste in soil stabilization is one of solutions for obtaining safer and harder pavements. In addition to using
carpet waste will benefit the community environmentally and economically. For achieve this purpose a series of
laboratory investigation were carried out to evaluate the effect of treating the subgrade with carpet waste. CBR tests
were conducted on treated and untreated soil at different carpet waste contents ranged from 0.5% to 2% at an increase
rat of 0.5%. The results of CBR tests showed that the CBR value for treated soil with 0.5% carpet waste increased about
14 times their untreated soil
As a project in undergraduate college, we decided to explore soil and ways to reinforce using plastic fibers. Our study included Geo synthetic meshes as well as chemical stabilizers. Our scope of study study was finalized to be Waste Plastic Fiber Reinforced soil, as plastic was being used experimentally in small projects while waste plastic is easily available.
An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymerijtsrd
The aim of the study was to determine the value of Unconfined compressive strength and CBR values of Soil after stabilizing it with Cement and Polymer. Soil stabilization has been widely used as an alternative to substitute the lack of suitable material on site. The utilization of nontraditional compound stabilizers in soil improvement is developing every day. In this investigation a lab try was led to assess the impacts of waterborne polymer on unconfined pressure quality on sandy soil and CBR Test on clayey soil .The lab tests were performed including grain size of sandy soil, unit weight, and unconfined compressive quality test. The sand and different measures of polymer 2 , 3 , and 4 and concrete 20 , 30 , and 40 were blended in with every one of them into mixture utilizing hand blending in research center conditions. The examples were exposed to unconfined pressure tests to decide their quality following 7 days of restoring. The consequences of the tests showed that the waterborne polymer fundamentally improved the unconfined pressure quality of sandy soils which have weakness of liquefaction. Polymer altered the building properties of soil through physical holding. The amount of polymer required to modify the engineering properties was directly related to specific surface and soil particle coating thickness. Polymer amended soils displayed a reduced performance compared to cement amended soils. Sankalp Jain | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47711.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47711/an-experimental-study-of-soil-stabilization-with-cement-and-polymer/sankalp-jain
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Modern and Experimental Study on stabilization of Marine Clay by using coir...ijtsrd
Here, in this project, marine soil stabilization has been done with the help of randomly distributed polypropylene fibres obtained from waste materials. The improvement in the shear strength parameters has been stressed upon and comparative studies have been carried out using different methods of shear resistance measurement. Reinforcement of soils with natural coir is potentially an effective technique for increasing soil strength. Coir fibre is a degradable material. coir fibre is mixing where coir fibre is not degradable. The marine clay stabilization mostly used chemicals and other types of ashes, this study have been carried out using with coir fibre material. The present investigation aims to explore the performance of different percentages coir fibre material reinforced with marine clay. Harish Parimi | Lavanya Punnam | Haragopal Peddinti"A Modern and Experimental Study on stabilization of Marine Clay by using coir fibre for Foundation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12706.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/12706/a-modern-and-experimental-study-on-stabilization-of-marine-clay-by-using-coir-fibre-for-foundation/harish-parimi
Parametric Characterization and Model Prediction of CBR Values of Stabilized ...IJMER
Quarry dust and lime were deployed for this stabilization experiments. Quarry dust is a byproduct
or sediments derived from the crushing of limestone. This soil modifying agent has a high
percentage of fines. Its application increases the CBR values on a range varying from 10%, 20%, 30%,
40% residual soil against 56%, 71%, 104%, 140% CBR contents of Orukim residual soils respectively.
Further increase in quarry dust content from 50% to 70% resulted in decreased values of CBR. The
samples were equally devoid of plasticity hence less useful in engineering applications. Lime stabilized
soil can be used for both base and sub-base materials. The oxides and hydroxides of calcium and
magnesium are considered as lime, but the materials most commonly used for lime stabilization are
calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and dolomite Ca(OH)2 + MgO. The dolomite however, should not have
more than thirty six percent by weight of magnesium oxide (MgO) to be acceptable as a stabilizing
agent. The lime stabilized samples were soaked for ninety six hours to ascertain the contribution of
curing duration on the CBR parameters. Results indicate variations along the range of 2%, 4%, 6%,
8%, 10% against 80%, 92%, 99%, 110%, 169% of lime and CBR contents respectively.These values
are statistically significant. Finally multiple nonlinear regressed models were developed to aid
prediction and optimization of CBR values of Orukim residual soils at various levels of stabilization
Using rbi grade 81 a comparative study of black cotton soil and lateritic soileSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
STUDY ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USED FOR PAVING BLOCKSAM Publications
Paver block is used in various applications like in street road and other construction places. Portland cement generates large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is responsible for global warming hence it is a greenhouse gas. And the concrete paver block production consume large amount of water and space for curing purpose. The other great problem today is disposal of solid waste from Coal fired thermal power plants generate fly ash and pond ash. This project combined sustainability, curing free with waste management leading to a wonderful product called geo-polymer concrete pavers. This paper represents the results of the geopolymer concrete paver block with the mix of M40 grade Test results indicate that low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete pavers has excellent compressive strength within short period (3 days) without water curing & suitable for practical applications
Soil stabilization can be done in many ways. But the stabilization using waste plastic fibers is an economic method since the stabilizer used here is waste plastic materials, which are easily available. A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable.
soil stabilizers for sale
soil stabilizer products
spray on soil stabilizer
soil stabilizer equipment
liquid soil stabilizer
soil binder and stabilizer
soil stabilizer polymer
enzyme soil stabilizers
Plastic as a soil stabilizer ppt
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
Stabilization of Expansive Soil Subgrade Using Recycled Carpet Waste and Fly AshEditorIJAERD
The structure of asphalt pavements subjected to problems and collapse for many reasons one of them, when
pavement section built on swelling soil, which has volumetric change due to variation of water content, which results the
appearance of cracks collapse. For this reason, additives are used for treating expansive soil and increase its efficiency.
Polymers are one of many types of additives; there are two types of polymers natural and synthetic. Using carpet
disposal waste in soil stabilization is one of solutions for obtaining safer and harder pavements. In addition to using
carpet waste will benefit the community environmentally and economically. For achieve this purpose a series of
laboratory investigation were carried out to evaluate the effect of treating the subgrade with carpet waste. CBR tests
were conducted on treated and untreated soil at different carpet waste contents ranged from 0.5% to 2% at an increase
rat of 0.5%. The results of CBR tests showed that the CBR value for treated soil with 0.5% carpet waste increased about
14 times their untreated soil
As a project in undergraduate college, we decided to explore soil and ways to reinforce using plastic fibers. Our study included Geo synthetic meshes as well as chemical stabilizers. Our scope of study study was finalized to be Waste Plastic Fiber Reinforced soil, as plastic was being used experimentally in small projects while waste plastic is easily available.
An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymerijtsrd
The aim of the study was to determine the value of Unconfined compressive strength and CBR values of Soil after stabilizing it with Cement and Polymer. Soil stabilization has been widely used as an alternative to substitute the lack of suitable material on site. The utilization of nontraditional compound stabilizers in soil improvement is developing every day. In this investigation a lab try was led to assess the impacts of waterborne polymer on unconfined pressure quality on sandy soil and CBR Test on clayey soil .The lab tests were performed including grain size of sandy soil, unit weight, and unconfined compressive quality test. The sand and different measures of polymer 2 , 3 , and 4 and concrete 20 , 30 , and 40 were blended in with every one of them into mixture utilizing hand blending in research center conditions. The examples were exposed to unconfined pressure tests to decide their quality following 7 days of restoring. The consequences of the tests showed that the waterborne polymer fundamentally improved the unconfined pressure quality of sandy soils which have weakness of liquefaction. Polymer altered the building properties of soil through physical holding. The amount of polymer required to modify the engineering properties was directly related to specific surface and soil particle coating thickness. Polymer amended soils displayed a reduced performance compared to cement amended soils. Sankalp Jain | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47711.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47711/an-experimental-study-of-soil-stabilization-with-cement-and-polymer/sankalp-jain
Investigating the modifications in properties of clayey soil utilizing ppc fo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Road improvement is one of the significant parts of developing foundation which is growing at a quick rate; the development of roads is of real concern in India as it elevates access to monetary and social administrations, creating horticultural income and productivity employment. In India the greatest impediment to give a complete system of road framework is the constrained funds accessible to build road by the conventional method. The nearby accessible soil is not satisfactory for supporting the reiteration of high business vehicles on consistent road width results into weakening of roads. Clay soils change fundamentally in volume with change in water substance are the reason for distortions to structures that incurs cost taxpayers several billion rupees every year in the India. This paper manages a research facility examination of soil as CL as per Indian Standard (1498 – 1970). To the untreated soil adjustments utilizing the doses of 1 and 2 % PPC are carried out. At first the tests are directed to focus physical & engineering properties of natural soil by directing research center tests furthermore to assess the change in properties by the addition of stabilizers to be utilized as a part of pavement design for economy.
Keywords: Cement, Soil Stabilization, strength, moisture content.
To Study the Effect of Use of Geosynthetics Fibres in Sub grade Soilijtsrd
Reinforcements and separation are the two functions of Geosynthetics in which pavement system is used in geogrids. The apertures are used in the products of geogrids.These products are mostly in large size and due to this,they are not used for getting separation of different materials. Gradation has main function to separate two different materials. Still, in theoretically geogrids can also give some separation mathods, but in a limited amount. In pavements, geogrids used separation method which is a secondary function or we can say it is use for some sepration of different materials and in reinforcement, geogrids used the primary function in pavements and geogrid used to improve the mechanically properties of engineering like M25 Grade Concrete. The reinforcement mechanisms associated withgeogrids. Er. Kapil Soni | Er. Sunil Kumar | Er. Vikram "To Study the Effect of Use of Geosynthetics Fibres in Sub grade Soil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26479.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26479/to-study-the-effect-of-use-of-geosynthetics-fibres-in-sub-grade-soil/er-kapil-soni
Utilisation of Waste Materials in the Construction Of RoadsIJERD Editor
Expansive soils are so widely spread that it becomes impossible to avoid them for highway construction to keep the network structure for mobility and accessibility. These soils are prevalent as large tracts in many parts of the world. Many highway agencies, private organizations and researchers are doing extensive studies on waste materials and research projects concerning the feasibility and environmental suitability. It is necessary to utilize the waste affectively with technical development in each field. Cyclic plate load tests were carried out on the tracks with optimum percentage of reinforcement materials like waste plastics and waste tyre rubber in gravel/flyash subbase laid on expansive subgrade. Test results show that maximum load carrying capacity associated with less value of rebound deflection is obtained for gravel/flyash reinforced subbase compared to unreinforced subbase.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT ADDITIVES TO CHARACTERIZE THE PERFORMAN...Harshit Singh
The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of some non-conventional additives on the properties of soil. In this paper,
an attempt has been made to study the compaction and CBR characteristics tests of locally available soil mixing with different
percentages (added individually and in combinations) of Silica Fume, Terrasil and Zycobond with a view to determine the optimum
percentage. The current research shows the effective utilization of micro silica fume terrasil and zycobond in the improvement of
sub grade characteristics of expansive soil. This paper deals with the review of some previous studies that are done to improve
properties of weak soil by Micro silica, Terrasil and Zycobond.
Similar to 2016133741 peb 802 capstone design project ii progress assessment 1 (20)
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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2016133741 peb 802 capstone design project ii progress assessment 1
1. 1
PEB 802 Capstone Design Project
Assignment 1
Sustainable Soil Stabilization of Red Clay Using Coir Fiber,
KOBM and Geotextile Material
Submitted By
Vishwaleen Vishaal Ram - 2016133741
Under Supervision of
Supervisor(s) Mr. Sateesh Kumar Pisini
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering (Honours)
(Bachelor of Civil engineering),
to
SCHOOL OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING,
FIJI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, FIJI ISLAND
August 13, 2020
2. 2
1. Detailed mathematical modeling to the solution of a given
complex engineering problems in the Capstone Design Project.
Objectives
Assessment of subgrade materials; KOBM, Steel slay
Investigation of strength of unreinforced red clay soil.
Strength enhancement of red clay soil with KOBM, steel slag stabilizing material.
Strength enhancement of unreinforced red clay soil reinforced with Geotextiles.
Observation of loading resistance for unreinforced red clay soils with and without
inclusion of 2% & 4% coconut fiber.
Strength behavior of red clay soil with KOBM Steel Slag stabilized ratio at 5% and
10%.
To study the following properties of soil by mixing it with different percentage of coir fiber
A. The Optimum moisture contents (OMC)
B. The Maximum dry density
C. California bearing ratio
D. Unconfined compressive strength
To suggest an optimal content of coir fiber toward mixed in by soil for the strength
improvement.
The red clay was mixed with different content of coir fiber which were 1% 2% 3% and 4% in
order to prepare various samples. In directive to investigate the various geotechnical
characteristics of soil fiber, the various tests conducted are listed below:
Atterberg’s limit test
Consistency limits
Specific gravity
The Compaction tests
The Unconfined compression tests
The California bearing ratio test
3. 3
Conventional design
Atterberg limit test
The Plastic limit test
PI= LL – PL
Calculation and expression of results
The Percentage of linear shrinkage =
Wherever, LD is the extent of the oven-dry sample (in-mm)
California bearing ratio test
Difference among optimum moisture content also moisture content.
Dry density of the sample
Laboratory density ratio
Laboratory moisture ratio
Calculation of swell
4. 4
weight of dry soil in specimen
Moisture content of the specimen after soaking
Volume of specimen after soaking
Dry density of specimen after soaking
Mass of dry materials in the test share
Mass of mixing water
Calculation of the weight of varied and cured material essential
5. 5
Literature Review
Author Year Findings
Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
and ER Abhishek
Baw
(Mir & Bawa, 2018)
2018 The tests directed on the clayey soil be situated
Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Standard Proctor Test
and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The
percentages of the coconut fiber used in the soil are
0%, 0.3, 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.1%.
The various parameters which were investigated in
this research are dry density, optimum moisture
content
Shukla Devdatt.et al
(Devdatt et al.,
2015)
2015 Trendy this study, the stabilizing result of Coconut
Coir Fiber (Natural Fiber) arranged soil
characteristics has remained Experimental studied’
Tests outcome specifies that mutually unoaked and
soaked CBR significance of soil rises with the rise in
Coconut coir fiber content. Soaked CBR value rises
since 3.9 % to 8.6 % also un-soaked CBR value rises
from 8.1 % to 13.2 % of soil varied with 1%
Coconut coir fiber
Deepjyoti Das et al 2016 The key goal of this research effort be situated to
examine the variance in shear strength limits of
sandy soils by the usage of brown coconut fiber as
reinforcing material, at a permanent size of 15 mm,
by means of the direct shear test.
Ishfaq Ahmad et al 2018 Through make known to the coconut coir fibers in
the soil the expansion of the frictional forces rises
among the soil particles then the reinforcement
fibers.
Amu et al
(Amu et al., 2011)
2011 This paper studied the geotechnical characteristics of
lateritic soils improved with coconut shell also husk
ash by a view to procurement a economy and
operative road additive.
6. 6
Manikandan, A T at.
el
(Manikandan et al.,
2017)
2017 Stabilization of soil is important for applying prevailing
ground for structure determinations.
Fattah et al
(Fattah et al., 2015)
2015 The adding of lime changes the soil near a firm soil mass,
the particles of which stay powerfully destined by
pozzolanic cementitious compounds shaped by responses
through soil silica in addition lime in the existence of water.
Danso, Humphrey
Manu, Dorothy
(Danso & Manu,
2020)
2020 This research explores the effect of coconut fibers in
addition lime on the characteristics of soil-cement mortar.
Fibers of 0.2–0.8 percent, lime of 0–15 percent, cement of 5
percent through mass of soil.
Ikeagwuani, et. al
(Ikeagwuani &
Nwonu, 2019)
2019 In an effort to create them more possible for building
determinations, many materials then methods partake been
cast-off to alleviate the soil.
7. 7
2. Complete analysis of objectives and their requirements that is
required for the PEB 802 Capstone design project II through
the open literature
The native optimum design is attained by relating a few alternate results formed by means of a
prior problem knowledge. In this method the different percentage of fiber is compared when
mixed in the soil the solution is investigated by doing lab tests. Then an estimation of the
fundamental objective of to each solution is compared for the cost, profit, environmental
benefits, and many more. It is difficult to use one type of process in the entire engineering
design problems. The design limits vary with different fiber percentage and addition of KOB
and geotextile materials. There will be different fiber percentage used in different techniques
but the experiment conducted on it would be same. The experiment will be done twice to
ensure a accurate result. The purpose of the lab tests is to create a best combination of fiber
percentage with soil to get an optimal strength that can be used for commercial production.
After the experiments a C++ project will be developed to show the strength of the soil when
ever the percentage fiber is entered. This C++ project will be the shortcut and summaries the
experimental calculations and the mathematical equations in just one single source file project.
Further more the results from the program will be analyzed in the FLAC 3D software to get a
better understanding of the project.
Design variables:
the design of a reinforcing the soil begins with classifying the fundamental design variables
such as the fiber, KOB and geotextile contents, which are chiefly diverse through the
reinforcement procedure. A project problem typically includes many strategy limits; of which
some are extremely sensitive to the proper working of the design. This parameter can be called
fiber contents variables. The outcome of the reinforcing process may indicate whether to
comprise extra fiber and KOB or not.
Constraints:
The constraint represents some of the functional relationship amongst the strategy and other
limits substantial convinced physical phenomena and certain resource limitations. The coir
fiber used in soil may degrade and thus require to be treated with chemicals prior to use. The
achievement of red clay required lot of effort and time thus required special machine to dig out
the clay and bring to the lab for analysis.
8. 8
3. Complete Analysis on performed necessary processes to meet
stated PEB 802 Capstone Design project objectives.
The soil reinforcement must placate the necessities as quantified strategy soil standard of the
area of construction to be performed. The propensity of utmost of the conventional design
methods is to attain design necessities first and approximation economics afterwards. The
existing literature has recommended various methods to increase the soil strength using cheaper
techniques by reducing the fiber content to 0.5 percent. The use of coir fibers may reduce the
cost of reinforcing the soil and also if the project is successful will lead to the commercial
production that can be an alternative in the construction industry, this will replace expensive
soil reinforcing techniques.
Experimental Investigation
Basic Experiment
WET & DRY
SIEVING LIQUID LIMIT
PLASTIC
LIMIT
COMPACTION
TEST
CBR TEST
9. 9
Tests What needs to be done and why Number of Trials
Dry Sieving
Soil Classification
% Fines
Draw Curves
FindCc & Cu
2
Liquid Limit
Classificationof fine grained
Soil
Predictionof Consolidation
PropertiesforAllowable
BearingCapacitycalculation
2
Plastic Limit
FindPlasticityIndex,Ix of soil
2
Compaction
Determine optimalMoisture
Content
MaximumDry Density
2
1. Sample Collection from site 2. Wet Sieving Test
11. 11
CBR Test
Experimental Procedure
AS 1289.6.1.1:2014 is to be used to carry out the CBR test.
Calculation
Laboratory Moisture Ratio
Where
LDR = laboratory density ratio, as a percentage
Ρd = dry density of the specimen, in grams per cubic centimeter
MDD = maximum dry density of the soil, in grams per cubic centimeter
13. 13
5. Conclusions/Recommendation.
The main purpose of the project was to observe the loading resistance for the red clay soil by
doing California bearing ratio testing in the laboratory. Furthermore, CBR testing for red clay
would be tested with and without geotextile. The testing result will also be observed after
adding 2% and 4% of coir fiber and lastly red clay soil will be tested using KOBM steel slag
using 5% and 10%. After doing the tests the strength behavior of red clay soil will be analyzed
and discussed. The study deals with the design of minimum cost of soil reinforcement when
fiber mixed with soil. The values of California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive
strength were indeed enhanced due to the mixing of coir fiber. The optimum percentage of coir
fiber to be used was found to be 1% as the values were maximum at this point. Thus, it would
be cost effective and ecofriendly. The further studies can be done to add additives like KOB or
by coating the fiber to increase the life.
The remaining work of the research work is using FLAC 3D software and C++ program to
optimize the project. It will require different procedures to follow to come up with the result.
1. Develop numerical calculation in C++ and excel.
2. Design and model in FLAC 3D and sketch up software.
3. Display the results using graphs and tables.
14. 14
6. References.
Amu, O. O., Owokade, O. S., & Shitan, O. I. (2011). Potentials of coconut shell and husk ash
on the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil for road works. International Journal of
Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 87–94.
Danso, H., & Manu, D. (2020). Influence of coconut fibres and lime on the properties of soil-
cement mortar. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 12, e00316.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00316
Devdatt, S., K, R. S. S. A., & Jha, A. K. (2015). 3 IX September 2015. September.
Fattah, M. Y., Al-Saidi, À. A., & Jaber, M. M. (2015). Characteristics of clays stabilized with
lime-silica fume mix. Italian Journal of Geosciences, 134(1), 104–113.
https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2014.36
Ikeagwuani, C. C., & Nwonu, D. C. (2019). Emerging trends in expansive soil stabilisation: A
review. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 11(2), 423–440.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.08.013
Manikandan, A. T., Ibrahim, Y., Thiyaneswaran, M. P., Dheebikhaa, B., & Raja, K. (2017). a
Study on Effect of Bottom Ash and Coconut Shell Powder on the Properties of Clay Soil a
Study on Effect of Bottom Ash and Coconut Shell Powder. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET), 4(2), 550–553.
https://irjet.net/archives/V4/i2/IRJET-V4I2104.pdf
Mir, I. A., & Bawa, A. (2018). Utilization of waste coconut coir fiber in soil reinforcement.
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(9), 774–781.