This document presents a research proposal to study the sense of place in Shanghai's Lilong public spaces. The research will focus on Bugaoli Lilong and use spatial, qualitative, and quantitative methods to analyze the relationship between public and private spaces. It will seek to understand how privacy is diffused in Lilong neighborhoods through the morphology of spaces and perceptions of residents. Expected outputs include data visualizations, cognitive maps of place perceptions, and contributions to theories of sense of place in Chinese culture. Findings will be disseminated academically and to the public.

1. Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture
Diffused privacy in Shanghai’s Bugaoli Lilong public spaces
What is the sense of place in the Lilong public space?
Group #01 _ 20171020 _ Final review

2. Problem statement
‘Public space’ can be considered as the space outside the
buildings in Lilong neighborhood. It is first a physical built
environment to accommodate people’s daily life, either an
individual one or a social one. As a result, there is a conflict
about ‘private versus public’ (P vs.P). The sense of place, to
some extent, derived from this invisible conflict.
Research on public space in China has been largely addressed in
the Western context and the concepts of ‘private’ and ‘public’
have not been defined clearly. These two words are not
originated from Chinese culture. On the other hand, it is difficult
to trace the phenomenon of P vs. P in Chinese modern cities.
The aim of this research is to understand and interpret the
sense of place (Norberg-Schulz, 1979) by “diffused privacy” in
Lilong in Shanghai, taking Bugaoli as an example to demonstrate
private versus public relationships.
Image:
©
虚心的菜鸟,
http://photo0086.com/showwork.aspx?id=95506
Norberg-Schulz, C. (1979). Genius Loci: Toward a Phenomenology of Architecture. New York, NY: Rizzoli.
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

3. Research questions
What is the sense of place in the Lilong public space?
a- What is the definition of private and public in the context of Chinese culture?
b- Is there a boundary between private and public spaces in the context of Shanghai’s Lilong developments?
c- What is the boundary between private and public spaces in Shanghai’s Lilong settlements?
Image
1:
©
虚心的菜鸟,
http://photo0086.com/showwork.aspx?id=96079
Image
2:
©
虚心的菜鸟,
http://www.photo0086.com/showwork.aspx?id=93230
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

4. Theoretical Framework
Field #1: architecture
Context: Chinese Culture
Phenomenon:
Diffused Privacy in the Lilong
The relationship between public and private
Morphologic Analysis
Building Type
The Built P vs.P
Lilong layout
Qualitative multi method investigation
Use and Activities Individual Perception
The Cognition of P vs.P
The sense of place in public space
Field #2: cognitive science
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

5. Literature review 1
Existing research on the space of Lilongs
Topic 1: the history of Lilong
李燕宁, & 卢永毅. (2005). 晚期石库门里弄——步高里. 上海城市规划(3), 35-39.
祝东海, & 朱晓明. (2010). 两条上海里弄——步高里和建业里的关系考证. 住宅科技, 30(12), 38-42.
朱晓明, & 祝东海. (2012). 勃艮第之城. 中国建筑工业出版社.
李彦伯. (2014). 上海里弄街区的价值. 同济大学出版社.
Topic2: the spaces in Lilong
张维. (2002). 近代上海市民生活形态与里弄建筑的产生和发展. (Doctoral dissertation, 同济大学)
金可武. (2002). 里弄五题——对里弄居住形态的历史分析. (Doctoral dissertation, 同济大学).
陈喆琪. (2007). 上海里弄中的场所研究. (Doctoral dissertation, 上海交通大学).
李彦伯. (2010). 上海里弄街区的空间-社会复合体价值研究. (Doctoral dissertation, 同济大学).
张晨杰. (2015). 基于遗产角度的上海里弄建筑现状空间研究. 城市规划学刊(4).
宋德萱, & 王莹珺. (2016). 步高里街区空间风环境优化设计. 住宅科技, 36(6), 1-6.
Topic3: the regeneration of Lilong
徐景猷, & 颜望馥. (1983). 上海里弄住宅的历史发展和保留改造. 住宅科技(6), 10-13.
林沄. (2001). 对上海市中心区里弄街区改造更新的历史思考——卢湾区高福里地块改造更新方案
林沄, & 沙永杰. (2002). 上海市里弄住宅保护性改造的历史回顾. 中国近代建筑史国际研讨会.
理念. (Doctoral dissertation, 同济大学).
张晓菲. (2010). 基于行为学的上海里弄住宅更新研究. (Doctoral dissertation, 东华大学).
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

6. Literature review 2
Existing research on public space
Topic 1: Research on the definition of public and private space in the Chinese culture
- Relph, E. (1976). Place and placeness. Routledge Kegan & Paul.
Topic 2: Recognition of sense of place in Chinese culture
Topic 3: Phenomenology of public space uses and behaviors
- Bianchetti, C. (2015). Intimité, extemité, public. Riletture dello spazio pubblico. Territorio, Franco Angeli, 72, 7-17.
- By, R. A. B. R. (2004). The right to the city: social justice and the fight for public space. Annals of the Association of American
Geographers, 94(2), 361-362.
- Gehl, J., & Gemzøe, L. (2004). Public spaces, public life. How to Study Public Life, 2(1). Copenhagen: The Danish Architectural Press.
- Gehl, J. (1987). Life between buildings: using public space. London, UK: Island Press.
Topic 4: Cognitive science / perception of the public and private space
- Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting
& Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 522-527.
Topic 5: The theories of Place and Sense of Place
- Norberg-Schulz, C. (1979). Genius Loci: Toward a Phenomenology of Architecture. New York, NY: Rizzoli.
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

7. Case study: Bugaoli Lilong in Shanghai
The research will focus on Bugaoli Lilong, because of the following
reasons:
1. Designed with a Western planning strategy: accessibility,
passages, public service space.
2. It was built around 1930, about 60 years after the first Shikumen
Lilong was built in Shanghai, therefore it represents a mature
version of the Lilong typology.
3. According to literature, Bugaoli was built with high quality
standards for middle class people, with wider circulation space
and public service facilities , compared to the previous Lilongs.
4. Bugaoli has not been economically redeveloped yet, therefore it
shows the typical transformation of social relationships within
Lilongs.
Source：李燕宁, 卢永毅. 晚期石库门里弄——步高里[J]. 上海城市规划, 2005(3):35-39.
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

8. Case Method
Analysis of Bugaoli Lilong in Shanghai, using spatial, qualitative and quantitative methods.
A- Morphologic analysis:
Methods
- Measure dimensions of indoor and outdoor units
- Public spaces dimensions and proportions
- 3D information on architectural forms
- Map information on land value, rent values, distance from public transportation, land uses. (source: Planning documents)
- Map flows of people through the area (source: Big Data)
B- Qualitative multi-method analysis
Method:
- Photo interviews
- Qualitative research methods adapted to local population’s needs (questionnaires)
- Historic research of how the Lilong changed through time
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

9. 3 years research plan
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

10. Expected output
The research could contribute to a deeper understanding of the sense of place in Lilong, both from the built
environment and social network points of view. The findings could contribute to policy design and regeneration
projects design for the Lilong.
Expected outputs include:
1) Data visualization through infographics
2) Map of place from the perspective of public and private in Bugaoli
3) Cognitive map of place perception in Bugaoli
4) Academic contribution on the theory of sense of place in the context of Chinese culture
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

11. Dissemination
The research outputs will be disseminated through two main channels:
1) Academic dissemination to contribute to disciplinary knowledge:
Papers publishing
Attendance to academic conferences
2) General public dissemination to contribute in the public debate, and provide a research background for designers:
Research findings website
Data visualization with eye catching infographics
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review

12. Architecture
Rouziahong PAERHATI (CN)
LEI Dongxue (CN)
Landscape / Planning
Paola STURLA (IT)
Urban Planning
LI Siman (CN)
ZHANG Li (CN)
Group #1 team
THANK YOU!
Tongji University _ 2017 International Doctoral School of Future City and Architecture_ Group #01 _ 20171020 Final review