Mitochondrial ND-1 gene-specific primer polymerase chain reaction to determin...UniversitasGadjahMada
A specificity method to detect mice meat contamination in beef meatballs using specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been developed. The primer ND1-P1 primers were designed using primer-BLAST software using mtDNA of mice as a template. The Primer ND1-P1 forward (5’-CGGCATCCTACAACCATTTGC-3’) and reverse (5’-CGGCTCGTAAAGC-TCCGAA-3’) was able to amplify a 294 bp fragment of ND1 gene in mice mtDNA. The primers have been proven precise with only amplify the target fragment in mice meatball but not in another meatball including beef meatball, chicken meatball, pork meatball, horse meatball, and goat meatball. The present of mice meat in meatballs can be detected at a concentration as low as 5% (w/w). The ND1-P1 primer is potentially used as a specific marker for detection of mice meat in the meat products.
Specific inhibition of CK2α from an anchor outside the active sitePaul Brear
The development of selective inhibitors of protein kinases is challenging because of the significant conservation of the ATP binding site. Here, we describe a new mechanism by which the protein kinase CK2α can be selectively inhibited using features outside the ATP site. We have identified a new binding site for small molecules on CK2α adjacent to the ATP site and behind the αD loop, termed the αD pocket. An elaborated fragment anchored in this site has been linked with a low affinity fragment binding in the ATP site, creating a novel and selective inhibitor (CAM4066) that binds CK2α with a Kd of 320 nM and shows significantly improved selectivity compared to other CK2α inhibitors. CAM4066 shows target engagement in several cell lines and similar potency to clinical trial candidate CX4945. Our data demonstrate that targeting a poorly conserved, cryptic pocket allows inhibition of CK2α via a novel mechanism, enabling the development of a new generation of selective CK2α inhibitors.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is based on a microbial restriction system, that has been harnessed for genome targeting using only a short sequence of RNA as a guide.
Identification, annotation and visualisation of extreme changes in splicing w...Mar Gonzàlez-Porta
Talk for the ECCB'14 workshop: Analysis of differential isoform usage by RNA-seq: statistical methodologies and open software - Strasbourg, 7th September 2014
Antioxidant-mediated up-regulation of OGG1 via NRF2 induction is associated ...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Estrogen metabolism-mediated oxidative stress is suggested to play an important role in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. We have earlier demonstrated that antioxidants,
vitamin C (Vit C) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) inhibit 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage, and breast carcinogenesis in female August
Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats. The objective of the present study was to characterize the mechanism by which above antioxidants prevent DNA damage during breast carcinogenesis.
Trabajo que recupera el proceso de las experiencias de trabajo autogestionado que se han venido desarrollando en el marco de la economía social para mostrar la sustentabilidad de un modelo de organización de trabajo asociado, que es al mismo tiempo una propuesta político económica y social. También nos proponemos dar cuenta del lugar que tiene la sindicalización y la construcción de identidad para fortalecer la organización.
Si bien pudimos observar experiencias altamente sustentables, la pregunta sigue siendo ¿cómo se insertan o pueden insertarse económica y políticamente en una propuesta de desarrollo local? y ¿cuál es el papel que tiene que jugar el estado para que las experiencias sean viables?
Nuestro punto de partida, es múltiple y diverso, contiene, por lo menos tres aspectos; la realidad de las experiencias del ANTA, el contexto latinoamericano; y la historia del Movimiento Obrero en la Argentina.
Mitochondrial ND-1 gene-specific primer polymerase chain reaction to determin...UniversitasGadjahMada
A specificity method to detect mice meat contamination in beef meatballs using specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been developed. The primer ND1-P1 primers were designed using primer-BLAST software using mtDNA of mice as a template. The Primer ND1-P1 forward (5’-CGGCATCCTACAACCATTTGC-3’) and reverse (5’-CGGCTCGTAAAGC-TCCGAA-3’) was able to amplify a 294 bp fragment of ND1 gene in mice mtDNA. The primers have been proven precise with only amplify the target fragment in mice meatball but not in another meatball including beef meatball, chicken meatball, pork meatball, horse meatball, and goat meatball. The present of mice meat in meatballs can be detected at a concentration as low as 5% (w/w). The ND1-P1 primer is potentially used as a specific marker for detection of mice meat in the meat products.
Specific inhibition of CK2α from an anchor outside the active sitePaul Brear
The development of selective inhibitors of protein kinases is challenging because of the significant conservation of the ATP binding site. Here, we describe a new mechanism by which the protein kinase CK2α can be selectively inhibited using features outside the ATP site. We have identified a new binding site for small molecules on CK2α adjacent to the ATP site and behind the αD loop, termed the αD pocket. An elaborated fragment anchored in this site has been linked with a low affinity fragment binding in the ATP site, creating a novel and selective inhibitor (CAM4066) that binds CK2α with a Kd of 320 nM and shows significantly improved selectivity compared to other CK2α inhibitors. CAM4066 shows target engagement in several cell lines and similar potency to clinical trial candidate CX4945. Our data demonstrate that targeting a poorly conserved, cryptic pocket allows inhibition of CK2α via a novel mechanism, enabling the development of a new generation of selective CK2α inhibitors.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is based on a microbial restriction system, that has been harnessed for genome targeting using only a short sequence of RNA as a guide.
Identification, annotation and visualisation of extreme changes in splicing w...Mar Gonzàlez-Porta
Talk for the ECCB'14 workshop: Analysis of differential isoform usage by RNA-seq: statistical methodologies and open software - Strasbourg, 7th September 2014
Antioxidant-mediated up-regulation of OGG1 via NRF2 induction is associated ...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Estrogen metabolism-mediated oxidative stress is suggested to play an important role in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. We have earlier demonstrated that antioxidants,
vitamin C (Vit C) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) inhibit 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage, and breast carcinogenesis in female August
Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats. The objective of the present study was to characterize the mechanism by which above antioxidants prevent DNA damage during breast carcinogenesis.
Trabajo que recupera el proceso de las experiencias de trabajo autogestionado que se han venido desarrollando en el marco de la economía social para mostrar la sustentabilidad de un modelo de organización de trabajo asociado, que es al mismo tiempo una propuesta político económica y social. También nos proponemos dar cuenta del lugar que tiene la sindicalización y la construcción de identidad para fortalecer la organización.
Si bien pudimos observar experiencias altamente sustentables, la pregunta sigue siendo ¿cómo se insertan o pueden insertarse económica y políticamente en una propuesta de desarrollo local? y ¿cuál es el papel que tiene que jugar el estado para que las experiencias sean viables?
Nuestro punto de partida, es múltiple y diverso, contiene, por lo menos tres aspectos; la realidad de las experiencias del ANTA, el contexto latinoamericano; y la historia del Movimiento Obrero en la Argentina.
Calling all DevOps teams! With back-to-school, holidays, and elections right around the corner it’s important to ensure your organization’s applications are ready for peak load performance. Millions of customers will be demanding the most from your website and mobile applications, so how can you be sure they will deliver? Can your applications’ life cycles withstand the volume? Make sure your Application Development and Management teams are ahead of the curve this season.
Join this webinar with Tom Chavez, CloudTest Product Manager to learn his tips and suggestions from years of helping hundreds of organizations prepare for peak load performance.
Presentation about the role of eXtension in pesticide safety education for the North Central Regiion Pesticide Applicator Certification and Training Workshop, Manhattan, KS, Aug 9-11, 2016.
Avoidance of stochastic RNA interactions can be harnessed to control protein ...Paul Gardner
Presented at the Computational RNA Biology conference in Hinxton, 17-19th October, 2016.
https://coursesandconferences.wellcomegenomecampus.org/events/item.aspx?e=584
STR DNA profiling is now a powerful, inexpensive tool that can generate unique DNA signatures that can be used to authenticate cell lines and detect contamination of more than one cell type. This presentation will talk about why scientists need cell authentication, what is STR profile and STR profile workflow from Creative Bioarray.
The human genome is full of repeated DNA sequences which come in various sizes and are classified according to the length of the core repeat units, the number of contiguous repeat units, and/or the overall length of the repeat region. DNA regions with short repeat units (usually 2-6 bp in length) are called Short Tandem Repeats (STR).
Creative Bioarray STR profiling is critical for verifying the identity of human cell lines, ensuring uniqueness of the cell line and detecting laboratory errors such as misidentification and cross-contamination of lines. The sensitivity and high power of discrimination makes our STR analysis an ideal choice for the various types of cell authentication.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/Services/Short-Tandem-Repeat-Analysis.htm
The human genome is full of repeated DNA sequences which come in various sizes and are classified according to the length of the core repeat units, the number of contiguous repeat units, and/or the overall length of the repeat region. DNA regions with short repeat units (usually 2-6 bp in length) are called Short Tandem Repeats (STR).
1. Insights into the functional effect
of promoter-associated short
tandem repeats in the human
genome using targeted sequencing
Javier Quilez Oliete
Postdoctoral Fellow in the Andrew Sharp’s Lab
Dept. of Genetics and Genomics Sciences
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
javier.quilez@mssm.edu
Twitter: @jaquol
2. Tandem repeats (TRs) are stretches of DNA comprised of ≥2
contiguous copies of a motif arranged in a head-to-tail pattern
CAG CAG CAG CAG
3-bp motif
CAG
Repeat length = 18 bp (6 copies x 3-bp motif)
CAG
▶ Repeat motif lengths up to hundreds of Kbp
▶ 2–6 bp: short tandem repeats (STRs) or microsatellites
3. Features of TRs
3
CAGIndividual 1 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 2 CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 3 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 4 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 5 CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 6 CAG
Multi-allelic
Number of mutations per locus per
generation):
▶ SNPs: ~10-8
▶ CNVs: ~10-6
–10-4
▶ TRs: ~10-4
–10-3
Therefore, TRs mutation rate is
several orders of magnitude higher
than other forms of genetic
variation
High mutation rate
TRs represent an important source of genetic variation
4. Features of TRs
4
CAGIndividual 1 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 2 CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 3 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 4 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 5 CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 6 CAG
Multi-allelic High mutation rate
No. mutations per locus per generation:
▶ SNPs: ~10-8
▶ CNVs: ~10-6
–10-4
▶ TRs: ~10-4
–10-3
The mutation rate of TRs is several orders of
magnitude higher than other forms of
genetic variation
TRs represent an important source of genetic variation
5. Features of TRs
5
CAGIndividual 1 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 2 CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 3 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 4 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 5 CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 6 CAG
Multi-allelic High mutation rate
No. mutations per locus per generation:
▶ SNPs: ~10-8
▶ CNVs: ~10-6
–10-4
▶ TRs: ~10-4
–10-3
The mutation rate of TRs is several orders of
magnitude higher than other forms of
genetic variation
Abundant: ~1M annotated TRs in the
human genome
TRs represent an important source of genetic variation
6. Features of TRs
6
CAGIndividual 1 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 2 CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 3 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 4 CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 5 CAG CAG
CAGIndividual 6 CAG
Multi-allelic High mutation rate
No. mutations per locus per generation:
▶ SNPs: ~10-8
▶ CNVs: ~10-6
–10-4
▶ TRs: ~10-4
–10-3
The mutation rate of TRs is several orders of
magnitude higher than other forms of
genetic variation
Abundant: ~1M annotated TRs in the
human genome
TRs represent an important source of genetic variation
7. Functional impacts of TRs remains relatively unexplored
7
▶ Growing evidence supporting the functional impact of TRs:
▶ In many species, TRs are often located within coding regions of genes with
specific biological functions, including those that confer beneficial phenotypes
▶ Several diseases are caused by repeat expansions (humans, dogs, plants)
▶ TRs remain poorly studied due to:
▶ Considered as mere “junk” DNA
▶ Technical difficulties in their characterization:
▶ Even with SNP arrays, aCGH and next-generation sequencing, TRs are
ignored features of the genome in most studies (GWAS, 1,000 Genomes)
▶ Only recently, novel approaches for genotyping repetitive elements
(Gymrek et al. 2012; Highnam et al. 2013; Guilmatre et al. 2013;
Brahmachary et al. 2014)
aCGH: comparative genomic hybridization
GWAS: genome wide association study
Gymrek et al. Genome Res. 2012 Jun;22(6):1154-62. doi: 10.1101/gr.135780.111
Highnam et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 7;41(1):e32. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks981
Guilmatre et al. Hum Mutat. 2013 Sep;34(9):1304-11. doi: 10.1002/humu.22359
Brahmachary et al. PLoS Genet. 2014 Jun 19;10(6):e1004418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004418
8. Hypothesis, aim and approach
8
▶ Hypothesis: STRs are important functional components of the genome
with overlooked roles in phenotypic variation, including human disease
▶ Aim: identify functional STRs by searching for repeat length variants
altering local gene expression and DNA methylation
▶ Approach:
▶ Characterized repeat length variation in STRs located in gene
promoters
▶ more likely to have a cis effect on the activity of nearby genes
▶ Performed cis-association analysis to identify expression (eQTL) and
methylation (mQTL) quantitative loci
9. Characterizing repeat length variation in promoter-associated
STRs
9
Targeted-sequencing methodology
(Guilmatre et al. 2013) – overcomes technical
difficulties in genotyping STRs
Capture: Target STRs in gene promoters
(within ±1 Kbp of TSS)
▶ ~6,000 promoter-associated STR
▶ 31% of RefSeq genes have a
promoter-associated STR
Guilmatre et al. Hum Mutat. 2013 Sep;34(9):1304-11. doi: 10.1002/humu.22359
10. Characterizing repeat length variation in promoter-associated
STRs
10
Targeted-sequencing methodology
(Guilmatre et al. 2013) – overcomes technical
difficulties in genotyping STRs
Sequencing: Illumina 100-bp reads
multiplexing 24 individuals per lane
▶ 120 HapMap individuals:
▶ 58 CEU (European)
▶ 62 YRI (African)
▶ Median coverage per STR: 47x
Guilmatre et al. Hum Mutat. 2013 Sep;34(9):1304-11. doi: 10.1002/humu.22359
11. Characterizing repeat length variation in promoter-associated
STRs
11
Targeted-sequencing methodology
(Guilmatre et al. 2013) – overcomes technical
difficulties in genotyping STRs
Genotyping: RepeatSeq (Highnam et al. 2013)
– uses sequencing reads to call the two STR
repeat length alleles in each individual and loci
Guilmatre et al. Hum Mutat. 2013 Sep;34(9):1304-11. doi: 10.1002/humu.22359
Highnam et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 7;41(1):e32. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks981
12. ▶ We produced
promoter-associated STRs
genotypes in 120 HapMap
individuals
▶ Same individuals previously
characterized for gene
expression and DNA
methylation
eQTL and mQTL cis-association analysis
12
Illumina RNA-seq
Montgomery et al. 2010
Pickrell et al. 2010
Illumina 450K array
Moen et al. 2013
Montgomery et al. Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):773-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08903
Pickrell et al. Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):768-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08872
Moen et al. Genetics. 2013 Aug;194(4):987-96. doi: 10.1534/genetics.113.151381
13. ▶ We produced
promoter-associated STRs
genotypes in 120 HapMap
individuals
▶ Same individuals previously
characterized for gene
expression and DNA
methylation
▶ Correlation of STR
genotypes with:
▶ Transcript expression
eQTL and mQTL cis-association analysis
13
14. eQTL and mQTL cis-association analysis
14
Calculated in CEU and YRI
individuals separately
▶ We produced
promoter-associated STRs
genotypes in 120 HapMap
individuals
▶ Same individuals previously
characterized for gene
expression and DNA
methylation
▶ Correlation of STR
genotypes with:
▶ Transcript expression
15. eQTL and mQTL cis-association analysis
15
Calculated in CEU and YRI
individuals separately
▶ We produced
promoter-associated STRs
genotypes in 120 HapMap
individuals
▶ Same individuals previously
characterized for gene
expression and DNA
methylation
▶ Correlation of STR
genotypes with:
▶ Transcript expression
16. ▶ We produced
promoter-associated STRs
genotypes in 120 HapMap
individuals
▶ Same individuals previously
characterized for gene
expression and DNA
methylation
▶ Correlation of STR
genotypes with:
▶ Promoter CpG
methylation
eQTL and mQTL cis-association analysis
16
17. eQTL and mQTL cis-association analysis
17
Calculated in CEU and YRI
individuals separately
▶ We produced
promoter-associated STRs
genotypes in 120 HapMap
individuals
▶ Same individuals previously
characterized for gene
expression and DNA
methylation
▶ Correlation of STR
genotypes with:
▶ Promoter CpG
methylation
18. eQTL and mQTL cis-association analysis
18
Calculated in CEU and YRI
individuals separately
▶ We produced
promoter-associated STRs
genotypes in 120 HapMap
individuals
▶ Same individuals previously
characterized for gene
expression and DNA
methylation
▶ Correlation of STR
genotypes with:
▶ Promoter CpG
methylation
19. Examples of candidate eQTL and mQTL
19
STR length (bp)
STR variation correlates with
NFE2L1 expression in YRI
20. Examples of candidate eQTL and mQTL
20
STR length (bp) STR length (bp)
STR variation in CEU correlates
with methylation in FBLN5
promoter
STR variation correlates with
NFE2L1 expression in YRI
21. Sharing between CEU and YRI individuals
21
eQTLs
CEU YRI
▶ In each population, scored as
eQTLs those STRs showing
correlation values with corrected
p<0.05
22. Sharing between CEU and YRI individuals
22
eQTLs
mQTLs
CEU YRI
▶ In each population, scored as
eQTLs those STRs showing
correlation values with corrected
p<0.05
23. Sharing between CEU and YRI individuals
23
eQTLs
mQTLs
Limited power due to small
sample size? Only 40–60
individuals per population
for correlations
CEU YRI
▶ In each population, scored as
eQTLs those STRs showing
correlation values with corrected
p<0.05
24. Overlap between eQTL and mQTL
24
▶ STRs scored as eQTL/mQTL in any of
the two populations
▶ ~97% of eQTL also scored as
mQTL
▶ ~⅓ of mQTL also scored as
eQTL
eQTL
mQTL
25. Genomic features of genetic variants operating as QTLs
25
▶ Previous work (Stranger et al.
2007) indicate that SNPs acting as
eQTL are located very close to the
gene transcription start site (TSS)
Modified from Stranger et al. Nat Genet. 2007 Oct;39(10):1217-24
Statisticalsignificance
26. Genomic features of genetic variants operating as QTLs
26
▶ Previous work (Stranger et al.
2007) indicate that SNPs acting as
eQTL are located very close to the
gene transcription start site (TSS)
▶ To gain confidence in our
candidate eQTL/mQTL STRs we
analyzed:
▶ Distance relative to their
target gene and CpG sites
Modified from Stranger et al. Nat Genet. 2007 Oct;39(10):1217-24
Statisticalsignificance
28. Enrichment of candidate eQTLs/mQTLs within ±1 Kbp of their
target
28
Gene expression
Nominal p<0.05 in CEU or YRI
29. Enrichment of candidate eQTLs/mQTLs within ±1 Kbp of their
target
29
Gene expression
Bin: -1–0 Kbp
Empirical p = 0.022
(Randomization test of distances)
30. Enrichment of candidate eQTLs/mQTLs within ±1 Kbp of their
target
30
Gene expression
Bin: -1–0 Kbp
Empirical p = 0.022
(Randomization test of distances)
DNA methylation
Bin: 0–1 Kbp
Empirical p < 0.001
STR distance to methylation probe (Kbp)
31. Genomic features of genetic variants operating as QTLs
31
▶ Previous work (Degner et al. 2012) showed that thousands of SNPs affect
nearby (~200–300 bp) chromatin accessibility (dsQTLs)
Modified from Degner et al. Nature. 2012 Feb 5;482(7385):390-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10808
32. Genomic features of genetic variants operating as QTLs
32
▶ Previous work (Degner et al. 2012) showed that thousands of SNPs affect
nearby (~200–300 bp) chromatin accessibility (dsQTLs)
Modified from Degner et al. Nature. 2012 Feb 5;482(7385):390-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10808
▶ Overlap between SNPs
acting as dsQTLs and
altering gene expression
(eQTLs)
33. Overlap of candidate eQTLs/mQTLs with regulatory elements
33
▶ High-quality genome-wide maps of regulatory elements (inferred in HapMap
lymphoblastoid cell lines):
▶ ~1M transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) (http://centipede.uchicago.edu)
▶ ~200K DNaseI hypersensitive sites (DHS) (ENCODE)
37. Overlooked (STR) variation?
37
▶ Millions of SNPs have been used in genome wide association studies
(GWAS) to map functional genetic variants (e.g. disease susceptibility,
height)
▶ Variants identified in GWAS explain only a small proportion of phenotypic
variance → missing heritability…?
▶ GWAS rely on high linkage disequilibrium (LD) between genotyped SNPs
and functional variants to be identified
▶ Variants in low LD may be overlooked by SNP-based approaches...
▶ To determine whether STR variation can be effectively tagged by SNP
data, we studied LD between STR and SNP loci
38. LD analysis between STRs and nearby SNPs
38
▶ HapMap Phase II SNP
genotypes for the same
120 individuals
▶ Phased STR and SNP
alleles with BEAGLE
▶ Measured LD as the
correlation (r2
) between
STR and SNP alleles (pairs
<250 Kbps)
▶ for each STR retained
the maximum r2
(i.e.
best tagging by a
nearby SNP)
41. LD analysis between STRs and nearby SNPs
41
▶ Sharp decay in LD with
STR diversity, especially in
the YRI population
▶ Similar pattern seen
for copy number
variants
▶ Africans also show
lower LD between
SNP variants
42. LD analysis between STRs and nearby SNPs
42
Variants with r2
≥0.8 typically
considered as tagged
Median r2
=0.14
Only 11% STRs with r2
≥0.8
Median r2
=0.30
▶ Sharp decay in LD with
STR diversity, especially in
the YRI population
▶ Similar pattern seen
for copy number
variants
▶ Africans also show
lower LD between
SNP variants
▶ STR variants are poorly
tagged by nearby SNPs
43. Summary
43
▶ This is the first systematic attempt to assign biological significance to STR
variation in the human genome
▶ Through targeted sequencing and genotyping of ~6,000
promoter-associated STRs in 120 individuals
▶ Our results suggests that there are potentially thousands of STR variants
that exert functional effects via alterations of local gene expression or
epigenetics
▶ Conventional SNP-based mapping approaches are most likely blind to
potential functional STR variants, as STR variation is poorly tagged by
nearby SNPs
▶ Therefore, specific studies that focus on genotyping STR variants are
required to fully ascertain functional variation in the genome
44. Acknowledgements
44
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Andrew Sharp
Bharati Jadhav
Chloe Tessereau
Corey Watson
Daniel Ho
Kakit Cheung
Mafalda Barbosa
Ricky Joshi
(Paras Garg)
(Audrey Guilmatre)
Virginia Tech Research Funding
David Mittelman
Gareth Highnam
NHGRI R01-HG006696
NIDA R01-DA033660
NICHD R03-HD073731
March of Dimes Grant,
6-FY13-92
46. Additional information
▶ Range STRs motif sizes: 1-28 bp
▶ Enrichment of candidate eQTLs/mQTLs within ±1 Kbp of their target:
▶ enrichment (red line): calculated as the difference in relative frequencies between the
significant and non-significant distribution in a given distance bin...
46
