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Lysimeters &
Smart Field Lysimeters,
why and how do they work?
Georg von Unold
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
 
Sole	
  Distributor	
  :	
  Team	
  Medical	
  &	
  Scien6fic	
  Sdn.	
  Bhd.	
  	
  
Tel	
  :	
  03-­‐5122	
  5108	
  
Email	
  :	
  info@tms-­‐lab.com	
  	
  
Soil Water & Interfaces
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
Soilscience
Botany
Climate Change
Hydrology
Water Ressources Management
Irrigation
Plant Production
Fluxes
of
Water
and Solutes
in Soils
Agronomy
Landscape Studies
Meteorology
Fields of Application
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
•  Introduction
•  Technique
•  Example
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
Coshocton,	
  Ohio	
  1937	
  
Lysimeters
TMS – Seminar 2013
But, how in soils?
„	
  Panta	
  Rhei!	
  “	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
„All	
  is	
  in	
  a	
  state	
  of	
  flux“	
  	
  Heraklit,	
  550	
  –	
  480	
  a.D.	
  
11/5/1311/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
Field setups, but …
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
Fluxes	
  F1	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
	
  
	
  	
  
Defined	
  cross-­‐sec6on	
  
Defined	
  length	
  	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
	
  
Atmospheric	
  Interface:	
  
Any	
  kind	
  of	
  precipita6on	
  
Any	
  kind	
  of	
  rain,	
  hail,	
  dew,	
  	
  
Snow,	
  hoar	
  frost,	
  …	
  	
  
F2	
  
 
Infiltra6on	
  &	
  
Soil	
  water	
  flux	
  	
  
	
  
F3	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
 
Groundwater	
  recharge	
  in	
  wet	
  
seasons/snow	
  melt,	
  	
  
Posi6ve	
  water	
  balance	
  	
  
F4	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
 
For	
  gravimetric	
  lysimeters:	
  
	
  	
  
Groundwater	
  	
  	
  =	
  Zero	
  Poten6al	
  
Lysim.	
  Boaom	
  =	
  Zero	
  Poten6al	
  
F5	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
 
Capillar	
  flux	
  
Dry	
  seasons	
  /	
  
Nega6ve	
  water	
  balance	
  
	
  
Lysimeter	
  gecng	
  to	
  dry	
  
Due	
  to	
  missing	
  connec6on	
  
to	
  groundwater.	
  
	
  
Fm	
  6	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
Fm	
  7	
  
	
  
Fluxes	
  are	
  poten6al	
  driven.	
  	
  
	
  
Field	
  matrix	
  poten6al	
  needs	
  
to	
  be	
  lysimeter	
  matrix	
  
poten6al.	
  
	
  
We	
  need	
  to	
  measure	
  field	
  
condi6on	
  and	
  need	
  to	
  
transmia	
  it	
  into	
  lysimeters	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
 
We	
  need	
  to	
  control	
  the	
  lower	
  
boundary	
  condi6on	
  to	
  reach	
  
true	
  hydraulic	
  field	
  situa6ons	
  
in	
  lysimeters	
  
F8	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
•  Introduction
•  Technique
•  Example
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
F9	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
F10	
  
	
  
Suc6on	
  cup	
  rake	
  in	
  big	
  
lysimeters	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
F11	
  
	
  
Suc6on	
  cups	
  
In	
  smart	
  field	
  lysimeters	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013
Field	
  setup	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
Lysimeter	
  hexagon	
  
Tensiometer
SiC
Pumpensumpf
900
Ø
1500
Ø1640
Fass	
  1Tensiometer
SiC
Tensiometer
SiC
Tensiometer
SiC
Tensiometer
SiC
Tensiometer
SiC
Ø
2500Ø2800
2000
1390
1700
60°
900
900
900
900
900
M
essschrankM
essschra
nk
Zentraler
Messschrank
Messschrank
A
C
B
Lysimeter1Lysimeter6
Lysimeter 5
Lysimeter4Lysimeter3
Lysimeter2
Fass	
  2
Fass	
  5
Fass	
  6
Fass	
  3Fass	
  4
Lysimeter	
  Sta6on	
  
11/5/13
TERENO	
  1m²	
  Lysimeter	
  
Lysimeter	
  hexagon	
  
11/5/13
TERENO	
  1m²	
  Lysimeter	
  
•  Best results
•  Heavy machines
•  Long planning
•  Higher expense
Lysimeter	
  Sta6on	
  
Field	
  Lysimeter	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
Lysimeter	
  cucng	
  setup	
  
True	
  field	
  soil	
  cucng	
  
Permanent	
  cucng	
  control	
  	
  
Celar	
  Lysimeter	
  
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
Celar	
  with	
  8	
  Lysimeter
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
Celar	
  with	
  48	
  Lysimeters
11/5/13 TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
•  3rd	
  genera6on	
  lysimeters	
  with	
  selectable	
  heights	
  
•  Complete	
  system	
  is	
  expendable	
  up	
  to	
  4	
  lysimeters	
  
SMART FIELD LYSIMETERS
TMS – Seminar 2013
SMART FIELD LYSIMETERS
11/5/13
•  True	
  field	
  condi@on	
  	
  
-­‐  True	
  Water	
  flux	
  &	
  boundaries	
  
-­‐  True	
  Temperature	
  profile	
  
-­‐  Field	
  egeta6on	
  
	
  
•  Measures	
  precisely	
  
-­‐  Field	
  drainage	
  
-­‐  Precipita6on	
  
-­‐  Evapotranspira6on	
  
	
  
•  Addi@onal	
  Data	
  for	
  	
  
-­‐  3	
  x	
  Matrix	
  poten6al	
  	
  
-­‐  3	
  x	
  Vol.	
  Water	
  content	
  
-­‐  3	
  x	
  El.	
  Conduc6vity	
  
-­‐  3	
  x	
  Temperature	
  
-­‐  Webserver	
  data	
  download	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
Smart	
  Field	
  Lysimeters	
  
twin,	
  triple,	
  quaaro	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
•  Introduction
•  Technique
•  Example
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
Soil	
  column	
  cucng	
  with	
  jack	
  lik	
  device	
  
Minimum	
  impact	
  
Installa@on	
  in	
  the	
  alps	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013
11/5/13
Lysimeter	
  suited	
  
Lysimeter	
  site	
  at	
  Italian	
  alps	
  
Installa@on	
  in	
  the	
  alps	
  
TMS – Seminar 2013

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2013 tms gvu lysimeter