A code retreat is a 1-day intensive coding event where participants work through problems in timed pairs, using different constraints each session to practice fundamentals. The document outlines the structure and principles of a code retreat, which includes short coding sessions, different pairing techniques and constraints each round, and a focus on testing, refactoring, and simple design. The goal is to learn through pairing with others, extend your comfort zone, and experiment with new coding practices in a fun, no-pressure environment.