A presentation about the Journal of Medical Internet Research, a founding member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) - A contribution to Open Access Week 2010!

1. Pioneering Open Access Publishing in Health Informatics The Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) 1998-2010 Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH Editor/Publisher, J Med Internet Reswww.jmir.org Associate Professor Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Senior Scientist, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation,Division of Medical Decision Making and Health Care Research; Epublishing and Open Access Research Group Toronto General Research Institute of the UHN, Toronto General Hospital, Canada

2. Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH Editor/Publisher, J Med Internet Reswww.jmir.org Associate Professor Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Senior Scientist, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation,Division of Medical Decision Making and Health Care Research; Epublishing and Open Access Research Group PI, Consumer Health Informatics & Public Health Informatics Lab Toronto General Research Institute of the UHN, Toronto General Hospital, Canada

3. This talk focuses on 7 Publishing Innovations of JMIR First Open Access journal in health informatics / health services research (* 1999) Impact, Article Level Metrics XML Copyediting and Typesetting Scripts WebCite: Archiving cited webpages / grey reports Innovative business model Open Peer-Review iJMR (interactive Journal of Medical Research) - knol-based (wiki-like) peer-reviewed journal (spin-off)

4. www.jmir.org

5. www.jmir.org

7. Background: Knowledge Transfer in Health Informatics Journals remain the most important KT activity Traditional medical informatics journals are poorly cited and the visibility and uptake beyond a relatively small medical informatics community remains limited Disruptive technology (Internet) allows for experiments with new publishing models (incl bypassing traditional publishers and leaving publishing in the hands of scientists) and new business models (OPEN ACCESS)

8. Why the world needed JMIR in 1998 No openly accessible high-impact journals in health informatics / health service research Health informatics researchers know the value of information and knowledge buried in the medical literature (often inaccessible for textmining) No journal devoted to the burgeoning areas of “Internet medicine”, consumer health informatics, participatory medicine Most medical informatics journals paper-based, slow review processes

9. JMIR: An OA pioneer 1998. JMIR assembles editorial board 1999. First JMIR issue published May 5, 1999. E-Biomed proposed by Harold Varmus October 22, 1999. Sante Fe Convention (OAI) issued. February 2000. PubMed Central (free full-text articles) launched July 19, 2000. BioMed Central published its first free online article. March 23, 2001. Open Letter launched by the Public Library of Science (PLoS) February 14, 2002. Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) launched October 13, 2003. The Public Library of Science launched its first open-access journal, PLoS Biology October 2004. PloS Medicine launched Innovation #1: Open Access http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/timeline.htm

10. http://www.webcitation.org/5kihtiutz JMIR is a founding member of OASPA

11. Achievements Now indexed in Medline, CINAHL, Information Science Abstracts, INSPEC, Communication Abstracts, The Informed Librarian Online, LISA, EMBASE, Scopus, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine (CC/CM) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), PsycINFO, Google Scholar, LISTA, … Impact Factor: 3.9 (2009) top ranked in medical informatics category (with JAMIA) (among 21 journals) and health sciences & health services research category (#2 after Health Techn Assessment review journal) (among 62 journals)

12. JMIR milestones 1999: Launch 2001: NLM/Medline indexing 2002: Introduction of Article Processing Fee [APF] ($500) Dec 2002: named Official Journal of IHCC Aug 2003: named Official Journal of SIM (Society for Internet in Medicine), abandons Medical Informatics and the Internet (Taylor & Francis) as Official Journal Aug 2003: Fast-Track Fee [FTF] ($150), guarantees an editorial decision within 2 weeks after submission, and publication of the article within 4 wks after acceptance. Nov 2003: Use of OJS 1.0 2003: Institutional Membership Scheme introduced Nov 2004: Major site relaunch: PDFs available, all articles available as XML 2005: ISI begins monitoring JMIR 2006: JMIR in PubMed Central 2007: First Impact Factor (2006) published by ISI: 2.9 (#2/20 in Medical Informatics [MI], #6/56 in Health Care Sciences & Services [HCSS]) 2007: Upgrade to OJS 2.0 2007: 30k SSHRC grant for open access journals 2008: Impact Factor (2007): 3.0 (almost the same as the #1 JAMIA: 3.1) 2008: 90k SSHRC grant for 3 years 2008: OASPA (OA Scholarly Publishers Assoc) founded, JMIR founding member 2009: Impact Factor (2008): 3.6 (now ranked #1 in Med Informatics and #2 in Health Sciences & Health Services Research categories [with #1 being a review journal]) 2010: iJMIR, eProceedings launch (spin-off journals) 2010: Impact Factor (2009): 3.9

13. JMIR Impact Factor Top Medical Informatics Journals

14. Beyond citations: Article-level metrics Indicators for end-user uptake Innovation #2: Article-level metrics (incl. tweets)

15. Article Level Metrics Top cited (top articles got >100 citations) Top viewed (top articles get >1000 views per month) Top tweeted (top articles get >50 tweets per month), Tweets Influence Factor Top purchased (PDF purchases)

16. Manuscript Management Software Early adopter of Open Journal Systems (OJS) (open source manuscript management system) Development work in the area of XML workflow, subscription/member administration plugins, payment modules etc. (now contributed to OJS 2.x) XML typesetting scripts (now branded as Lemon8/PKP product, originally developed by the JMIR team*) Unique web-based reference checking & correction workflow for copyeditor (“OrangeX”) Innovation #3: Open Source ContributionsXML Workflows * MJ Suhonos, Juan Alperin

17. JMIR Production Workflow NLM-DTD compliant XML e.g. for PubMedCentral submissions Word File

18. XML Typesetting Scripts Citations parser, Online Form

19. WebCite®(www.webcitation.org) Archiving of cited Internet Resources Innovation #4: Archiving System for Webpages

20. In one study published in the journal Science, 13% of Internet references in scholarly articles were inactive after only 27 months. Dellavalle RP, Hester EJ, Heilig LF, Drake AL, Kuntzman JW, Graber M, et al. Information science. Going, going, gone: lost Internet references. Science 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):787-788. DOI:10.1126/science.1088234

22. Innovative Business Model Authors keep ©, published under Creative Commons Attribution License “Author-pays” model: $90 submission fee Optional: Fast-track fee $450 (3 wk turnaround) Article Processing Fee [APF] currently US$1900, payable on acceptance only Institutional members (medical informatics departments etc.) ($900 p.a.): APF waived Personal membership: Downloading PDF Innovation #5: Business Model

23. jmir-revenues-pie2007-recalc2.xls

24. Expenses Technical developer (1-2 analysts) Copyeditor (formerly in-house, now freelancer pool) (minimal) investment in software licenses (mostly open source), memberships in publisher associations (CrossRef, ALPSP, OASPA etc.) Academic Editors paid a nominal per-article honorarium beginning in 2010

25. Open Peer Review @ JMIR Innovation #6: Open Peer-Review

26. Semantics of “Openess” in peer-review Transparent: Disclosing reviewer names, perhaps even reviews Participatory: Open for anybody to join, collaborative

27. Open peer-review - solution for peer-review challenges “After 30 years of practicing peer review and 15 years of studying it experimentally, I’m unconvinced of its value” (Richard Smith) A lot of reviewers’ time is wasted (authors just submit to another journal, w/o making changes) Reviewers do a poor job spotting errors (9 maj errors, each spotted by 10-50% - J R Soc Med. 2008;101: 507-14) Possible future: Publish first into a moderated collection, solicit broad input, publish/index “version of record”

28. iJMR on knol.google.com http://tinyurl.com/ijmr-submit

29. www.medicine20congress.com

30. Conclusions Open Access was clearly a success factor in making JMIR a leading scholarly journal The JMIR example shows that with creativity and a lean publishing model sustainable OA is possible Resource constraints and non-profit model lead to innovation Small journals face uphill battles

31. Future Prospects JMIR has to focus on quality, not quantity, to preserve high impact factor, making publishing expensive In the process becoming a multi-journal publisher (economies of scale) Spin-off, “second-tier” journal(s), e.g. iJMR, to enable publication of submissions not suitable for JMIR Eproceedings journal(s)

32. Please cite as:Eysenbach G. 10 years experience with pioneering open access publishing in health informatics: the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR).Stud Health Technol Inform. 2010;160(Pt 2):1329-3 (cc-by) can be freely distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License

33. Thank you! Dr G. Eysenbach, Email: geysenba at uhnres.utoronto.ca or @gmail.com, My peer-reviewed Journal: http://www.jmir.org My Blog: http://gunther-eysenbach.blogspot.com My Conferences: http://www.medicine20congress.com http://www.ehealthcongresss.org My Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/eysen Funding Change Foundation, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, NSERC, European Union, SSHRC