This document analyzes the frequency of two polymorphisms (C282Y and H63D) in the HFE gene in malaria patients and blood donors from four states in the Brazilian Amazon region. The study found:
1) No individuals were homozygous for the C282Y polymorphism, and only 5 heterozygous individuals were detected, all from Pará State.
2) The most common genotype for the H63D polymorphism was heterozygous in both patient groups.
3) Allele frequencies for the H63D polymorphism were higher than for the C282Y polymorphism, consistent with other studies on Brazilian populations.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed Duffy blood group genotypes in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients and blood donors in four areas of the Brazilian Amazon region. The study found:
1) A high frequency of the FYA/FYB genotype in both patients and donors, followed by FYB/FYB.
2) Some Duffy genotypes showed significant differences in frequency between patients and donors.
3) Individuals with the FYA/FYB genotype may have higher susceptibility to malaria, while the presence of the FYB-33 allele could provide resistance.
Associations of MHC Ancestral Haplotypes with Resistance/Susceptibility to AI...Dr. Juan Rodriguez-Tafur
This document analyzes the association between MHC ancestral haplotypes and rates of progression to AIDS. It finds that the 8.1 and 44.2 ancestral haplotypes are associated with rapid progression to AIDS, while the 35.2 and 57.1 haplotypes are associated with slow progression. Analysis of recombinant fragments of these haplotypes identifies MHC regions within the 35.1, 35.2, and 44.2 haplotypes associated with rapid progression, and within the 44.1 and 57.1 haplotypes associated with slow progression. Previous studies identified single HLA alleles associated with progression; this study confirms the direct role of HLA-B35 in rapid progression through haplotype analysis.
Candidemia in HIV-positive patients in Dschang District Hospital (West Region...Claude Nangwat
Candidemia has been identified as a public health problem in HIV-infected patients. The evaluation of CD4 count, transaminases and blood glucose, are being used as a means to monitor the health of HIV-infected patients, without excluding the diagnosis of candidemia and other opportunistic infections. In order to contribute in improving the care of HIV-infected patients attending Dschang District Hospital and later on, in other hospitals in Cameroon, we conducted from June to September 2014 a cross-sectional study, with general objective; to determine the association between candidemia and selected biochemical and haematological parameter changes in HIV-infected patients, as a possible indicator in monitoring HIV disease progression.
To do this, blood samples were collected from HIV-infected patients assigned to the UPEC of Dschang District Hospital for follow up, and haemogram report, CD4 counts, ALAT level, ASAT level, and glucose level in blood were evaluated by cytometric and spectrophotometric assays. Candida species were isolated from some blood samples, and then identified using CHROMagar Candida culture medium. The broth microdilution method was afterwards used to test the susceptibility of the fungal isolates vis-a-vis three conventional antifungal agents.
Mycological analysis of blood samples showed that eight (08) patients had candidemia, a prevalence of 6.11%. Eight (08) isolates were obtained from these eight (08) candidemic HIV-infected patients; this consisted of 4(50%) Candida albicans, 3(37.5%) Candida parapsilosis and 1(12.5%) Candida glabrata. All these isolates were resistant (MICs ranged from 2 to >256 µg/mL) to the antifungals used, that is, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and nystatin.
A significant correlation was found between candidemia and white blood cell count, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.240 (p < 0.05). Based on the results obtained, the systematic diagnosis of candidemia should be performed in patients infected with HIV in Cameroon in order to improve on their care.
Key words: Candidemia, HIV, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, Antifungals activities.
Ong et al_The M694V mutation in Armenian-Americans_a 10-year retrospective st...Frank Ong, MD, CPI
This study retrospectively analyzed MEFV gene mutation testing results from 476 patients seen at UCLA between 2002-2012 to correlate genotypes with clinical phenotypes in different populations. They found:
1. The M694V mutation was significantly associated with Armenian ethnicity, seen in 35.3% of Armenian patients as a homozygous mutation and 77.3% of Armenian compound heterozygotes, compared to only 2.9% and 47.1% in non-Armenians respectively.
2. Armenian patients had a significant trend of increasing genetic contribution of the M694V mutation, while non-Armenians showed a decreasing trend.
3. The M694V mutation was also more prevalent in single mutation Armenian patients
This document summarizes a study that analyzed antigen expression patterns in different subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) using flow cytometry. Bone marrow samples from 30 newly diagnosed MDS patients classified as refractory anemia (RA), refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), or refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) were analyzed for antigen expression on granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid and lymphoid lineages. The study found no significant differences in antigen expression between subtypes for granulocytic lineages. For erythroid lineages, the percentage of CD71-positive cells was significantly lower in RAEB compared to R
Genetic polymorphisms of HLA-DP and isolated anti-HBc are important subsets o...UniversitasGadjahMada
Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum and/or liver in HBsAg-negative individuals. OBI is associated with the risk of viral transmission, especially in developing countries, and with progressive liver disease and reactivation in immunosuppressive patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of OBI to HLA-DP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) encoding antigen-binding sites for the immune response to HBV infection. As HLA-DP variants affect the mRNA expression of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 in the liver, we hypothesised that high levels of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 expression favour OBI development. This study enrolled 456 Indonesian healthy blood donors (HBsAg negative). OBI was defined as the presence of HBV-DNA in at least two of four open reading frames (ORFs) of the HBV genome detected by nested PCR. SNPs in HLA-DPA1 (rs3077) and HLA-DPB1 (rs3135021, rs9277535, and rs2281388) were genotyped using real-time Taqman® genotyping assays. Of 122 samples positive for anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc, 17 were determined as OBI. The minor allele in rs3077 was significantly correlated with OBI [odds ratio (OR) = 3.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.58–9.49, p = 0.0015]. The
prevalence of the minor allele (T) was significantly higher in subjects with OBI than in those without (59% and 33%, respectively). The combination of haplotype markers (TGA for rs3077–rs3135021–rs9277535) was associated with increased risk of OBI (OR = 4.90, 95%CI = 1.12–21.52 p = 0.038). The prevalence of OBI was highest in the isolated anti-HBc group among the three seropositive categories: anti-HBs <500 mIU/ml, anti-HBs ≥500 mIU/ml, and isolated anti-HBc (29.41%, p = 0.014).In conclusion, genetic variants of HLA-DP and the presence of anti-HBc are important predictors of OBI in Indonesian blood donors.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed Duffy blood group genotypes in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients and blood donors in four areas of the Brazilian Amazon region. The study found:
1) A high frequency of the FYA/FYB genotype in both patients and donors, followed by FYB/FYB.
2) Some Duffy genotypes showed significant differences in frequency between patients and donors.
3) Individuals with the FYA/FYB genotype may have higher susceptibility to malaria, while the presence of the FYB-33 allele could provide resistance.
Associations of MHC Ancestral Haplotypes with Resistance/Susceptibility to AI...Dr. Juan Rodriguez-Tafur
This document analyzes the association between MHC ancestral haplotypes and rates of progression to AIDS. It finds that the 8.1 and 44.2 ancestral haplotypes are associated with rapid progression to AIDS, while the 35.2 and 57.1 haplotypes are associated with slow progression. Analysis of recombinant fragments of these haplotypes identifies MHC regions within the 35.1, 35.2, and 44.2 haplotypes associated with rapid progression, and within the 44.1 and 57.1 haplotypes associated with slow progression. Previous studies identified single HLA alleles associated with progression; this study confirms the direct role of HLA-B35 in rapid progression through haplotype analysis.
Candidemia in HIV-positive patients in Dschang District Hospital (West Region...Claude Nangwat
Candidemia has been identified as a public health problem in HIV-infected patients. The evaluation of CD4 count, transaminases and blood glucose, are being used as a means to monitor the health of HIV-infected patients, without excluding the diagnosis of candidemia and other opportunistic infections. In order to contribute in improving the care of HIV-infected patients attending Dschang District Hospital and later on, in other hospitals in Cameroon, we conducted from June to September 2014 a cross-sectional study, with general objective; to determine the association between candidemia and selected biochemical and haematological parameter changes in HIV-infected patients, as a possible indicator in monitoring HIV disease progression.
To do this, blood samples were collected from HIV-infected patients assigned to the UPEC of Dschang District Hospital for follow up, and haemogram report, CD4 counts, ALAT level, ASAT level, and glucose level in blood were evaluated by cytometric and spectrophotometric assays. Candida species were isolated from some blood samples, and then identified using CHROMagar Candida culture medium. The broth microdilution method was afterwards used to test the susceptibility of the fungal isolates vis-a-vis three conventional antifungal agents.
Mycological analysis of blood samples showed that eight (08) patients had candidemia, a prevalence of 6.11%. Eight (08) isolates were obtained from these eight (08) candidemic HIV-infected patients; this consisted of 4(50%) Candida albicans, 3(37.5%) Candida parapsilosis and 1(12.5%) Candida glabrata. All these isolates were resistant (MICs ranged from 2 to >256 µg/mL) to the antifungals used, that is, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and nystatin.
A significant correlation was found between candidemia and white blood cell count, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.240 (p < 0.05). Based on the results obtained, the systematic diagnosis of candidemia should be performed in patients infected with HIV in Cameroon in order to improve on their care.
Key words: Candidemia, HIV, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, Antifungals activities.
Ong et al_The M694V mutation in Armenian-Americans_a 10-year retrospective st...Frank Ong, MD, CPI
This study retrospectively analyzed MEFV gene mutation testing results from 476 patients seen at UCLA between 2002-2012 to correlate genotypes with clinical phenotypes in different populations. They found:
1. The M694V mutation was significantly associated with Armenian ethnicity, seen in 35.3% of Armenian patients as a homozygous mutation and 77.3% of Armenian compound heterozygotes, compared to only 2.9% and 47.1% in non-Armenians respectively.
2. Armenian patients had a significant trend of increasing genetic contribution of the M694V mutation, while non-Armenians showed a decreasing trend.
3. The M694V mutation was also more prevalent in single mutation Armenian patients
This document summarizes a study that analyzed antigen expression patterns in different subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) using flow cytometry. Bone marrow samples from 30 newly diagnosed MDS patients classified as refractory anemia (RA), refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), or refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) were analyzed for antigen expression on granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid and lymphoid lineages. The study found no significant differences in antigen expression between subtypes for granulocytic lineages. For erythroid lineages, the percentage of CD71-positive cells was significantly lower in RAEB compared to R
Genetic polymorphisms of HLA-DP and isolated anti-HBc are important subsets o...UniversitasGadjahMada
Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum and/or liver in HBsAg-negative individuals. OBI is associated with the risk of viral transmission, especially in developing countries, and with progressive liver disease and reactivation in immunosuppressive patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of OBI to HLA-DP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) encoding antigen-binding sites for the immune response to HBV infection. As HLA-DP variants affect the mRNA expression of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 in the liver, we hypothesised that high levels of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 expression favour OBI development. This study enrolled 456 Indonesian healthy blood donors (HBsAg negative). OBI was defined as the presence of HBV-DNA in at least two of four open reading frames (ORFs) of the HBV genome detected by nested PCR. SNPs in HLA-DPA1 (rs3077) and HLA-DPB1 (rs3135021, rs9277535, and rs2281388) were genotyped using real-time Taqman® genotyping assays. Of 122 samples positive for anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc, 17 were determined as OBI. The minor allele in rs3077 was significantly correlated with OBI [odds ratio (OR) = 3.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.58–9.49, p = 0.0015]. The
prevalence of the minor allele (T) was significantly higher in subjects with OBI than in those without (59% and 33%, respectively). The combination of haplotype markers (TGA for rs3077–rs3135021–rs9277535) was associated with increased risk of OBI (OR = 4.90, 95%CI = 1.12–21.52 p = 0.038). The prevalence of OBI was highest in the isolated anti-HBc group among the three seropositive categories: anti-HBs <500 mIU/ml, anti-HBs ≥500 mIU/ml, and isolated anti-HBc (29.41%, p = 0.014).In conclusion, genetic variants of HLA-DP and the presence of anti-HBc are important predictors of OBI in Indonesian blood donors.
The association between hla drb alleles with pulmonary tuberculosis in babil ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the association between certain HLA-DRB alleles and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Iraq. The study found that the HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*10 and DRB1*13 alleles were associated with increased susceptibility to PTB in Iraqi patients, while the HLA-DRB1*07 and DRB1*15 alleles were associated with protection against PTB. These results provide insights into the role of host genetics in susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Iraqi population. The findings were mostly consistent with prior studies in other populations, though some allele associations differed, suggesting geographic variation in these relationships.
frequency of cryptococcus species and varieties in méxicoIPN
This study analyzed 211 Cryptococcus strains isolated from patients in Mexico City hospitals between 1989-1998. C. neoformans was the dominant species isolated (97.15%), followed by C. albidus and C. uniguttulatus. Most strains were isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (92.5%) and AIDS was the main predisposing factor (85%). The disease was found to predominantly affect males (87.3%) in their third (33.8%) and fourth (37.5%) decades of life. When compared to other Latin American countries, the isolation frequency of C. neoformans var. neoformans and var. gattii in Mexico was most similar to Brazil.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common type of vasculitis that affects elderly individuals. The study assessed whether three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BANK1 gene are associated with susceptibility to biopsy-proven GCA. Genotyping of 222 GCA patients and 534 controls found no significant differences in genotype frequencies between the two groups for the three BANK1 SNPs. There was a trend toward a decreased risk of GCA in individuals carrying a specific genotype. However, the results do not support a major role for these BANK1 gene variants in susceptibility to GCA.
Ebola Associated Genes in the Human Genome Implications for Novel TargetsMedCrave
Ramaswamy Narayanan, Ph.D., professor in the Charles E. Schmidt College of Science at Florida Atlantic University, is working to blend the power of computers with biology to use the human genome to remove much of the guesswork involved in discovering cures for diseases.
Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease caused by bacterial infection of the endothelium and cardiac valves, either native or prosthetic. In the present work the role of the new microbiological techniques (techniques of detection and amplification of the subunit 16 ribosomal sRNA by means of the chain reaction of the polymerase in blood or tissue, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and matrix-assisted laser is reviewed desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
This document summarizes a study identifying the genetic cause of Heimler syndrome (HS). Whole exome sequencing was performed on individuals from eight families with HS. Biallelic mutations in the peroxisome biogenesis genes PEX1 or PEX6 were identified in six families. These findings define HS as a mild peroxisome biogenesis disorder caused by hypomorphic PEX1 or PEX6 mutations, expanding the clinical spectrum of these genes.
Lombardi et al: XMRV/CFS Inflammatory Signaturedegarden
This document summarizes a study that identified a signature of 10 cytokines and chemokines that can correctly identify patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) associated with xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) infection. The study used Luminex multi-analyte profiling to measure cytokine and chemokine levels in the plasma of 118 CFS patients who tested positive for XMRV, compared to 138 healthy controls. Analysis identified a cytokine/chemokine signature that diagnosed XMRV-associated CFS with 93% specificity and 96% sensitivity. This signature provides immunological evidence for the role of XMRV in CFS pathology and the associated inflammatory response.
1) The study aimed to use the PP65 antigenemia technique to diagnose active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in AIDS patients in Brazil and examine its occurrence in the region.
2) They found that 14 of 50 AIDS patients tested positive for PP65 antigenemia, indicating active CMV infection, while none of the 34 bone marrow transplant patients tested positive.
3) Having a CD4+ T-cell count below 100 cells/mm3 appeared to increase the risk of testing positive for PP65 antigenemia and active CMV infection, as more low CD4 count patients tested positive compared to higher CD4 count patients.
1. The study aims to identify genomic and proteomic risk and protective factors for coronary heart disease by analyzing gene and protein expression profiles in blood cells from patients with and without heart disease and associated risk factors.
2. Blood samples will be collected from five patient groups and mRNA will be isolated from monocytes and neutrophils for analysis using DNA microarrays and suppression subtractive hybridization.
3. Differentially expressed genes will be confirmed with real-time PCR and protein expression analyzed using in situ hybridization and immunochemistry to help identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for coronary heart disease.
This research article investigated associations between polymorphisms in the NRAMP1 and VDR genes and susceptibility to tuberculosis infection and disease progression in a Venezuelan population. The results showed that variants in the NRAMP1 3'UTR region were associated with susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection, as seen in comparisons between tuberculosis-infected and uninfected controls, and with progression to active tuberculosis disease, as shown in comparisons between tuberculosis patients and infected controls. In contrast, no associations were found between variants in the VDR gene and tuberculosis susceptibility. This study confirms that NRAMP1 3'UTR polymorphisms are associated with M. tuberculosis infection and disease progression in this Venezuelan population.
This document summarizes genetic research into factors influencing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection outcomes. It discusses Dr. Annwyne Houldsworth's work studying polymorphisms in the interleukin-12B (IL-12B) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) genes. The results showed that HCV-infected individuals with the IL-12B genotype expressing lower IL-12 levels were more likely to have chronic infection. Additionally, HCV-infected individuals with the SOD-2 TT genotype, associated with higher antioxidant activity, had higher rates of viral clearance compared to those with chronic infection. This research suggests genetic differences in immune response genes can impact HCV infection resolution or progression to chronic disease.
1) The study examined samples of benign oral squamous cell carcinoma (BOSC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to determine the incidence of HPV infection and mutations in p53 and c-myc genes.
2) It found that 23% of BOSC samples and 73% of OSCC samples had HPV infections. All BOSC samples with HPV infection showed no mutations in p53 or c-myc genes, while 81% of OSCC samples with HPV infection had no p53 mutation and 91% had no c-myc mutation.
3) Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between BOSC and OSCC groups in terms of HPV infection without mutations in p53 and
This study aims to investigate the functional relationship between the rs1111875 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and type 2 diabetes susceptibility by determining the effect of the SNP on the expression of the HHEX and IDE genes. The study will generate isogenic beta cell lines that differ only in their rs1111875 genotype using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Gene expression analysis will then be performed on the cell lines using TaqMan assays to measure relative expression of HHEX and IDE and determine if the risk allele of rs1111875 alters their expression levels, which could provide insight into how this SNP contributes to type 2 diabetes risk.
Molecular Detection of Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) from Patients of Bas...University of Basrah
1) The study analyzed 102 skin samples from patients in Basrah province, Iraq to detect Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) through molecular and histopathological examination.
2) PCR and sequencing revealed that MCV was present in the samples and most common in children aged 1-10 years old.
3) Histopathological examination showed characteristic pathological changes in infected skin that supported the diagnosis of MCV infection.
Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Feline MycoplasmosisIOSRJAVS
Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (formerly known as Haemobartonellafelis) are the causes of hemotropic mycoplasmosis in cats. The parasites attach to the surface of the red blood cell, and have the potential to cause severe alterations of the cell’s shape, resulting in anaemia. A three-year-old tom cat was presented in University Veterinary Hospital with symptoms of lethargy, reduced appetite and fever for past 3 days. Clinical examination revealed increased temperature(103º – 105º F), blanched mucous membranes and lymphadenopathy. Upon peripheral blood smear examination small coccoid organisms could be noticed in the periphery of the RBCs. Hematobiochemical examination revealed anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and decreased haematocrit values. The blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction which confirmed mycoplasmosis due to Mycoplasma haemofelis. The animal was treated with intravenous administration of oxytetracycline@ 10mg/kg BW for five days along with prednisolone and vitamin supplements. Uneventful clinical recovery was noticed 7 days post therapy.
Yeasts such as Candida are common causes of bloodstream infections in ICU patients. Candida infections in the ICU have a high mortality rate of 15-25% and are the 4th most common cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Diagnosis can be challenging due to low sensitivity of blood cultures, but newer tests such as PCR, antigen detection assays, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry provide more rapid detection of Candida compared to standard culture methods. The presence of risk factors such as abdominal surgery, central venous catheters, antibiotics use, and prolonged ICU stay increase the risk of developing Candida bloodstream infections in critically ill patients.
The document discusses the prevalence and incidence of invasive fungal infections in Nigeria, finding rates of 5-12% for various fungi like Candida and Cryptococcus in various studies. It notes that invasive fungal infections have increased globally in recent decades and are often identified post-mortem rather than pre-mortem. Major risk factors for invasive fungal infections include neutropenia, use of antibiotics, immunosuppression, and prolonged ICU stays.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: High Risk Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma:spa718
This document discusses hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It describes how autologous HSCT improves progression-free and overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone in high risk patients in first complete remission based on evidence from phase II and III trials. The document also discusses the potential role of allogeneic HSCT for high risk disease, and mixed results from studies of reduced intensity allogeneic HSCT for relapsed/refractory patients after autologous HSCT failure.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the influence of HLA-DRB1 alleles on the production of antibodies against malaria antigens in individuals naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax in Brazil. The study found an association between HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR5 alleles and lack of antibody response to the amino terminal region of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). It also found an association between HLA-DR3 and higher antibody response to merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1). No significant associations were found between HLA-DRB1 alleles and antibody responses to other malaria antigens tested.
This study investigated the relationship between variants of the glycophorin B (GPB) gene and susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection in the Brazilian Amazon. The researchers found that individuals carrying the GYPB*S allele were more likely to be infected with P. falciparum than those without this allele. Additionally, population genetics analysis suggested that natural selection has shaped patterns of genetic diversity at the GYPB locus. This study provides evidence that genetic variation in GPB influences susceptibility to P. falciparum infection in this population.
The association between hla drb alleles with pulmonary tuberculosis in babil ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the association between certain HLA-DRB alleles and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Iraq. The study found that the HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*10 and DRB1*13 alleles were associated with increased susceptibility to PTB in Iraqi patients, while the HLA-DRB1*07 and DRB1*15 alleles were associated with protection against PTB. These results provide insights into the role of host genetics in susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Iraqi population. The findings were mostly consistent with prior studies in other populations, though some allele associations differed, suggesting geographic variation in these relationships.
frequency of cryptococcus species and varieties in méxicoIPN
This study analyzed 211 Cryptococcus strains isolated from patients in Mexico City hospitals between 1989-1998. C. neoformans was the dominant species isolated (97.15%), followed by C. albidus and C. uniguttulatus. Most strains were isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (92.5%) and AIDS was the main predisposing factor (85%). The disease was found to predominantly affect males (87.3%) in their third (33.8%) and fourth (37.5%) decades of life. When compared to other Latin American countries, the isolation frequency of C. neoformans var. neoformans and var. gattii in Mexico was most similar to Brazil.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common type of vasculitis that affects elderly individuals. The study assessed whether three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BANK1 gene are associated with susceptibility to biopsy-proven GCA. Genotyping of 222 GCA patients and 534 controls found no significant differences in genotype frequencies between the two groups for the three BANK1 SNPs. There was a trend toward a decreased risk of GCA in individuals carrying a specific genotype. However, the results do not support a major role for these BANK1 gene variants in susceptibility to GCA.
Ebola Associated Genes in the Human Genome Implications for Novel TargetsMedCrave
Ramaswamy Narayanan, Ph.D., professor in the Charles E. Schmidt College of Science at Florida Atlantic University, is working to blend the power of computers with biology to use the human genome to remove much of the guesswork involved in discovering cures for diseases.
Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease caused by bacterial infection of the endothelium and cardiac valves, either native or prosthetic. In the present work the role of the new microbiological techniques (techniques of detection and amplification of the subunit 16 ribosomal sRNA by means of the chain reaction of the polymerase in blood or tissue, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and matrix-assisted laser is reviewed desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
This document summarizes a study identifying the genetic cause of Heimler syndrome (HS). Whole exome sequencing was performed on individuals from eight families with HS. Biallelic mutations in the peroxisome biogenesis genes PEX1 or PEX6 were identified in six families. These findings define HS as a mild peroxisome biogenesis disorder caused by hypomorphic PEX1 or PEX6 mutations, expanding the clinical spectrum of these genes.
Lombardi et al: XMRV/CFS Inflammatory Signaturedegarden
This document summarizes a study that identified a signature of 10 cytokines and chemokines that can correctly identify patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) associated with xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) infection. The study used Luminex multi-analyte profiling to measure cytokine and chemokine levels in the plasma of 118 CFS patients who tested positive for XMRV, compared to 138 healthy controls. Analysis identified a cytokine/chemokine signature that diagnosed XMRV-associated CFS with 93% specificity and 96% sensitivity. This signature provides immunological evidence for the role of XMRV in CFS pathology and the associated inflammatory response.
1) The study aimed to use the PP65 antigenemia technique to diagnose active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in AIDS patients in Brazil and examine its occurrence in the region.
2) They found that 14 of 50 AIDS patients tested positive for PP65 antigenemia, indicating active CMV infection, while none of the 34 bone marrow transplant patients tested positive.
3) Having a CD4+ T-cell count below 100 cells/mm3 appeared to increase the risk of testing positive for PP65 antigenemia and active CMV infection, as more low CD4 count patients tested positive compared to higher CD4 count patients.
1. The study aims to identify genomic and proteomic risk and protective factors for coronary heart disease by analyzing gene and protein expression profiles in blood cells from patients with and without heart disease and associated risk factors.
2. Blood samples will be collected from five patient groups and mRNA will be isolated from monocytes and neutrophils for analysis using DNA microarrays and suppression subtractive hybridization.
3. Differentially expressed genes will be confirmed with real-time PCR and protein expression analyzed using in situ hybridization and immunochemistry to help identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for coronary heart disease.
This research article investigated associations between polymorphisms in the NRAMP1 and VDR genes and susceptibility to tuberculosis infection and disease progression in a Venezuelan population. The results showed that variants in the NRAMP1 3'UTR region were associated with susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection, as seen in comparisons between tuberculosis-infected and uninfected controls, and with progression to active tuberculosis disease, as shown in comparisons between tuberculosis patients and infected controls. In contrast, no associations were found between variants in the VDR gene and tuberculosis susceptibility. This study confirms that NRAMP1 3'UTR polymorphisms are associated with M. tuberculosis infection and disease progression in this Venezuelan population.
This document summarizes genetic research into factors influencing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection outcomes. It discusses Dr. Annwyne Houldsworth's work studying polymorphisms in the interleukin-12B (IL-12B) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) genes. The results showed that HCV-infected individuals with the IL-12B genotype expressing lower IL-12 levels were more likely to have chronic infection. Additionally, HCV-infected individuals with the SOD-2 TT genotype, associated with higher antioxidant activity, had higher rates of viral clearance compared to those with chronic infection. This research suggests genetic differences in immune response genes can impact HCV infection resolution or progression to chronic disease.
1) The study examined samples of benign oral squamous cell carcinoma (BOSC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to determine the incidence of HPV infection and mutations in p53 and c-myc genes.
2) It found that 23% of BOSC samples and 73% of OSCC samples had HPV infections. All BOSC samples with HPV infection showed no mutations in p53 or c-myc genes, while 81% of OSCC samples with HPV infection had no p53 mutation and 91% had no c-myc mutation.
3) Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between BOSC and OSCC groups in terms of HPV infection without mutations in p53 and
This study aims to investigate the functional relationship between the rs1111875 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and type 2 diabetes susceptibility by determining the effect of the SNP on the expression of the HHEX and IDE genes. The study will generate isogenic beta cell lines that differ only in their rs1111875 genotype using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Gene expression analysis will then be performed on the cell lines using TaqMan assays to measure relative expression of HHEX and IDE and determine if the risk allele of rs1111875 alters their expression levels, which could provide insight into how this SNP contributes to type 2 diabetes risk.
Molecular Detection of Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) from Patients of Bas...University of Basrah
1) The study analyzed 102 skin samples from patients in Basrah province, Iraq to detect Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) through molecular and histopathological examination.
2) PCR and sequencing revealed that MCV was present in the samples and most common in children aged 1-10 years old.
3) Histopathological examination showed characteristic pathological changes in infected skin that supported the diagnosis of MCV infection.
Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Feline MycoplasmosisIOSRJAVS
Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (formerly known as Haemobartonellafelis) are the causes of hemotropic mycoplasmosis in cats. The parasites attach to the surface of the red blood cell, and have the potential to cause severe alterations of the cell’s shape, resulting in anaemia. A three-year-old tom cat was presented in University Veterinary Hospital with symptoms of lethargy, reduced appetite and fever for past 3 days. Clinical examination revealed increased temperature(103º – 105º F), blanched mucous membranes and lymphadenopathy. Upon peripheral blood smear examination small coccoid organisms could be noticed in the periphery of the RBCs. Hematobiochemical examination revealed anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and decreased haematocrit values. The blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction which confirmed mycoplasmosis due to Mycoplasma haemofelis. The animal was treated with intravenous administration of oxytetracycline@ 10mg/kg BW for five days along with prednisolone and vitamin supplements. Uneventful clinical recovery was noticed 7 days post therapy.
Yeasts such as Candida are common causes of bloodstream infections in ICU patients. Candida infections in the ICU have a high mortality rate of 15-25% and are the 4th most common cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Diagnosis can be challenging due to low sensitivity of blood cultures, but newer tests such as PCR, antigen detection assays, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry provide more rapid detection of Candida compared to standard culture methods. The presence of risk factors such as abdominal surgery, central venous catheters, antibiotics use, and prolonged ICU stay increase the risk of developing Candida bloodstream infections in critically ill patients.
The document discusses the prevalence and incidence of invasive fungal infections in Nigeria, finding rates of 5-12% for various fungi like Candida and Cryptococcus in various studies. It notes that invasive fungal infections have increased globally in recent decades and are often identified post-mortem rather than pre-mortem. Major risk factors for invasive fungal infections include neutropenia, use of antibiotics, immunosuppression, and prolonged ICU stays.
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: High Risk Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma:spa718
This document discusses hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It describes how autologous HSCT improves progression-free and overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone in high risk patients in first complete remission based on evidence from phase II and III trials. The document also discusses the potential role of allogeneic HSCT for high risk disease, and mixed results from studies of reduced intensity allogeneic HSCT for relapsed/refractory patients after autologous HSCT failure.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the influence of HLA-DRB1 alleles on the production of antibodies against malaria antigens in individuals naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax in Brazil. The study found an association between HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR5 alleles and lack of antibody response to the amino terminal region of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). It also found an association between HLA-DR3 and higher antibody response to merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1). No significant associations were found between HLA-DRB1 alleles and antibody responses to other malaria antigens tested.
This study investigated the relationship between variants of the glycophorin B (GPB) gene and susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection in the Brazilian Amazon. The researchers found that individuals carrying the GYPB*S allele were more likely to be infected with P. falciparum than those without this allele. Additionally, population genetics analysis suggested that natural selection has shaped patterns of genetic diversity at the GYPB locus. This study provides evidence that genetic variation in GPB influences susceptibility to P. falciparum infection in this population.
This study examined 51 Brazilian Plasmodium falciparum isolates for polymorphisms in the Pfmdr1 gene thought to be associated with chloroquine resistance. 49 of the isolates were found to be resistant to chloroquine in vitro, while all were sensitive to mefloquine, amodiaquine, and quinine. The isolates were analyzed for three Pfmdr1 polymorphisms: Asn86Tyr, Asn1042Asp, and Asp1246Tyr. Asn86Tyr was not detected in any isolates, while Asn1042Asp was found in 50 isolates and Asp1246Tyr was found in all 51 isolates. This provides support that As
1. Researchers studied Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Colombia, Peru, and Brazil to determine the invasion pathways and ligand polymorphisms used.
2. They found that most isolates from Colombia and Peru invade red blood cells through an atypical pathway that is resistant to all enzyme treatments, unlike known pathways.
3. This unusual pathway was associated with specific variants of PfRh2a, PfRh5, and EBA-181 ligands, suggesting these proteins play a major role in this pathway. The study demonstrates diversity in invasion mechanisms between regions.
This document analyzes genetic variation at the Pfs48/45 gene and microsatellite loci in 255 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 5 populations. It finds:
1) Alleles and haplotypes of 5 SNPs in the Pfs48/45 gene varied extremely between populations, much more so than alleles at 11 neutral microsatellite loci.
2) Measurements of between-population allele frequency variation (FST) were 4-7 times higher for Pfs48/45 than microsatellites, both within and between continents.
3) The highly skewed Pfs48/45 patterns suggest divergent selection on the protein's amino acid sequence between populations, indicating it may determine game
This study evaluated the distribution of Plasmodium vivax variants (VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like) in three areas of Brazil using a new GFM-PCR-ELISA technique. All variants were found in all three areas. VK210 was most commonly found as a single infection while the others occurred in mixed infections. VK210 was associated with the highest parasitemia levels while P. vivax-like had the lowest. Parasitemia clearance times did not differ based on variant or treatment schedule. The new technique was accurate for epidemiological surveys of the vivax complex.
This study aimed to investigate the presence of arboviruses like dengue virus in clinical samples from 111 malaria patients in the Amazon region of Brazil.
Dengue virus serotype 2 was detected in two patients from Novo Repartimento, Pará who also had active Plasmodium vivax malaria infections. Despite limited data, concurrent dengue and malaria infections are likely more common in the Amazon region than detected, as both diseases co-circulate and have similar transmission vectors and clinical presentations, making dual diagnosis possible. Further research is needed to better understand the frequency of co-infection in this region.
1. The study characterized antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum invasion ligands EBA-140 and EBA-181 in individuals from malaria-endemic areas of Brazil and Cameroon.
2. Responses differed between populations, with African individuals strongly reacting to most EBA fragments while Brazilian individuals from Mato Grosso reacted weakly and those from the Amazon had elevated but lower responses than Africans.
3. When compared to responses against other malaria proteins, the Brazilian population appeared to have more variable ability to recognize P. falciparum invasion ligands, distinct from the African population.
Dengue, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. It infects between 50 million and 100 million people annually, with 500,000 cases of the more severe infection known as dengue hemorrhagic fever. It causes 22,000 deaths every year, mainly children and young adults.
This study investigated the frequencies of ABO blood group genotypes and alleles in Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients and blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon region. The researchers found that over half of individuals had the ABO*O01O01 genotype. The ABO*AO01 genotype was the second most common. No significant differences were detected in genotype or allele frequencies between the malaria patients and blood donors. Analysis of O alleles found the O1 variant allele to be most frequent in both groups, with no evidence of the homozygous O2 allele.
This study evaluated the frequency of asymptomatic Plasmodium carriers (APCs) among blood donors in four blood banks in the Brazilian Amazon region. Blood samples from 400 donors who passed screening were tested using PCR to detect Plasmodium DNA. The positivity rate varied from 1-3% between blood banks, with an overall rate of 2.3%. All positive samples contained mixed infections of P. vivax and P. falciparum. While screening methods used by the blood banks did not detect the infections, PCR revealed its superiority for detecting low levels of parasites. The results emphasize the need to improve screening for APCs in blood banks in malaria endemic areas to control transfusion-transmitted malaria.
This study investigated the relationship between variants of the glycophorin B (GPB) gene and susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection in the Brazilian Amazon. The researchers found that individuals carrying the GYPB*S allele were more likely to be infected with P. falciparum than those without this allele. Sequence analysis of GYPB also suggested it has been under natural selection due to malaria. This study provides evidence that genetic variation in GPB receptor influences the ability of P. falciparum to invade red blood cells in this population.
We present evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in two homozygous FY*B-33 (Duffy-negative) individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region. Molecular analysis confirmed P. vivax infection through detection of P. vivax small subunit rRNA and circumsporozoite protein genes. One individual had a mixed infection of VK210 and P. vivax-like genotypes, while the other was infected with VK210. Both individuals also had antibodies to the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1. This provides rare evidence that P. vivax may be capable of invading Duffy-negative red blood cells in some regions, though additional studies are needed to better understand this finding.
This study evaluated four recombinant proteins representing the 19 kDa C-terminal region of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP119) for detecting P. vivax antibodies in human serum samples. The sensitivity of an ELISA using the recombinant proteins to detect antibodies in 200 samples from individuals with P. vivax infection ranged from 90-93.5%. Specificity using control samples without P. vivax exposure was 98.3-100%. The study demonstrates the potential of an ELISA using recombinant MSP119 proteins for serological detection of P. vivax infection.
Introduction: The hemoglobinopathy is a real public health problem in the world The aim of this study to épister of children with abnormalities of hemoglobin in schools, especially kindergartens in the city of Parakou Republic of Benin.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in kindergartens in the city of Parakou in Benin republic and having concerned 690 children aged 2 ½ to 5 years. The hemoglobin electrophoresis was done using alkaline pH hydragel and the quantification of haemoglobin fractions were performed with Hyrys densitometer; in some cases the medium is reduced for precipitation test.
Results: Five types of Hb were identified: A, S, M, C and K probably Woolwich. Qualitative hemoglobinopathy was found in 31.45% of the study population. The Hb-S was the most frequent (16.52%) followed by hemoglobin C (15.65%). Hereditary persistence of hemoglobin F was associated with phenotypes AA, AC and SS in 1.16% of cases. The hemoglobinopathies were found in all the major ethnic groups in Parakou with a clear predominance among "Lokpa" (53.3%) and "Adja" (37.5%).
Conclusion: The hemoglobinopathy is a real public health problem in Parakou, it is necessary to establish or to legislate for mandatory testing for hemoglobinopathies at birth.
This article summarizes a study of 785 Tanzanian children living in an area with intense malaria transmission. The study found that iron deficiency (ID), as measured by ferritin levels in blood samples taken at routine visits, significantly decreased the odds of subsequent malaria parasitemia, severe malaria, and all-cause mortality in children. When samples from sick visits were also included, ID was associated with significantly lower prevalence of parasitemia, hyperparasitemia (very high parasite levels), and severe malaria at the time of sample collection. The results suggest that naturally occurring ID protects against severe malaria and death in young children, and that iron supplementation may increase malaria risk even in children with ID. Future studies are needed to determine
This study examined the relationship between iron deficiency and malaria risk in 785 Tanzanian children from birth to 3 years of age. The key findings were:
1. Iron deficiency was found to be protective against malaria, with children who had iron deficiency having lower odds of parasitemia, hyperparasitemia, severe malaria, and all-cause mortality compared to children who were iron-replete.
2. Iron deficiency was associated with a 6.6-fold lower odds of concurrent parasitemia and a 24.0-fold lower odds of concurrent hyperparasitemia. It also reduced the odds of severe malaria by 4.0-fold.
3. Prospective analyses found that iron deficiency
Epstein-Barr virus genetic variants are associated with multiple sclerosis.Mutiple Sclerosis
Rosella Mechelli, Caterina Manzari, Claudia Policano, Anita Annese, Ernesto Picardi, Renato Umeton, Arianna Fornasiero, Anna Maria D’Erchia, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Cristina Agliardi, Viviana Annibali, Barbara Serafini, Barbara Rosicarelli, Silvia Romano, Daniela F. Angelini, Vito A.G. Ricigliano, Fabio Buttari, Luca Battistini, Diego Centonze, Franca R. Guerini, Sandra D’Alfonso, Graziano Pesole, Marco Salvetti, Giovanni Ristori
OBJECTIVE:
We analyzed the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) gene, which contains the most variable region of the viral genome, in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and control subjects to verify whether virus genetic variants are involved in disease development.
METHODS:
A seminested PCR approach and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze EBNA2 in 53 patients and 38 matched healthy donors (HDs). High-throughput sequencing by Illumina MiSeq was also applied in a subgroup of donors (17 patients and 17 HDs). Patients underwent gadolinium-enhanced MRI and human leucocyte antigen typing.
RESULTS:
MS risk significantly correlated with an excess of 1.2 allele (odds ratio [OR] = 5.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84-14.32; p = 0.016) and underrepresentation of 1.3B allele (OR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.08-0.51; p = 0.0006). We identified new genetic variants, mostly 1.2 allele- and MS-associated (especially amino acid variation at position 245; OR = 9.4; 95% CI 1.19-78.72; p = 0.0123). In all cases, the consensus sequence from deep sequencing confirmed Sanger sequencing (including the cosegregation of newly identified variants with known EBNA2 alleles) and showed that the extent of genotype intraindividual variability was higher than expected: rare EBNA2 variants were detected in all HDs and patients with MS (range 1-17 and 3-19, respectively). EBNA2 variants did not seem to correlate with human leucocyte antigen typing or clinical/MRI features.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our study unveils a strong association between Epstein-Barr virus genomic variants and MS, reinforcing the idea that Epstein-Barr virus contributes to disease development.
This study analyzed genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in 5 populations in the Brazilian Amazon region. Microsatellite markers were analyzed in 196 parasite isolates. There was significant multilocus linkage disequificance within populations, particularly those with fewer mixed infections. However, most isolates had unique multilocus genotypes, indicating genetic diversity. Genetic divergence between populations was substantial but did not correlate simply with geographical distance. The findings suggest distinct population structures and minimal gene flow between foci in the region.
Presentation 6: Vibrio parahaemolyticus: genome plasticity, mobile genetic el...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/
International Technical Seminar/Workshops on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)
Leptospira spp. serogroups identification in human and pig serum samples from...ILRI
Poster by Van Cao, Minh-Anh Dang-Trinh, Silvia Alonso, Jeffrey Gilbert, Ma Lucila Lapar, Duong Nguyen Khang and Mai Van Hiep presented at the Ecohealth 2014 conference, Montreal, Canada, 11-15 August 2014.
A 53-year-old man with diabetes and coronary artery disease presented with right lower extremity gangrene and sepsis. Blood cultures grew Gram-positive cocci identified as Streptococcus halichoeri, typically found in seals but known to cause human infection. The patient underwent a below-knee amputation. S. halichoeri resembles S. agalactiae but is hippurate negative. A study identified two subspecies: S. halichoeri subsp. halichoeri from seals and S. halichoeri subsp. hominis associated with human infections like this case.
1) The study evaluated the performance of the OptiMal malaria rapid diagnostic test under different storage conditions of 25°C, 30°C, and 39°C for 24, 48, and 72 hours.
2) The test detected all 111 positive blood samples except for 2 low parasitemia Plasmodium malariae samples.
3) The study suggests that the OptiMal test can be used for malaria diagnosis in Brazilian regions, though further research is needed to evaluate its performance under different environmental conditions like humidity.
Naturally acquired plasmodium knowlesi malaria in human, thailand[1]Prasit Chanarat
1) A 38-year-old Thai man contracted Plasmodium knowlesi malaria after spending time in a forested area of southern Thailand near the Thai-Myanmar border.
2) Microscopic examination of blood smears showed malaria parasites consistent with P. malariae. However, PCR and sequencing of the small subunit rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes confirmed the species as P. knowlesi.
3) This is the first reported case of naturally acquired P. knowlesi malaria in humans in Thailand, indicating that wild primate populations may serve as reservoirs for simian malaria parasites capable of infecting humans.
A single-reaction quadruplex qPCR assay was developed that can rapidly detect and differentiate Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. The assay uses three signature sequences - a multicopy transposase sequence common to both species for sensitive detection, and two unique sequences for species differentiation. It also incorporates an internal control for DNA extraction and amplification using Bacillus thuringiensis. The assay enables detection of less than 1 genome equivalent and differentiation of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei with high sensitivity and reliability for diagnostic and surveillance purposes.
Epidemiologic Classification of Human Papillomavirus Types Associated with Ce...Alberto Cuadrado
background
Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer, but
the risk associated with the various HPV types has not been adequately assessed.
methods
We pooled data from 11 case–control studies from nine countries involving 1918 women
with histologically confirmed squamous-cell cervical cancer and 1928 control women.
A common protocol and questionnaire were used. Information on risk factors was
obtained by personal interviews, and cervical cells were collected for detection of HPV
DNA and typing in a central laboratory by polymerase-chain-reaction–based assays
(with MY09/MY11 and GP5+/6+ primers).
results
HPV DNA was detected in 1739 of the 1918 patients with cervical cancer (90.7 percent)
and in 259 of the 1928 control women (13.4 percent). With the GP5+/6+ primer, HPV
DNA was detected in 96.6 percent of the patients and 15.6 percent of the controls. The
most common HPV types in patients, in descending order of frequency, were types 16,
18, 45, 31, 33, 52, 58, and 35. Among control women, types 16, 18, 45, 31, 6, 58, 35, and
33 were the most common. For studies using the GP5+/6+ primer, the pooled odds ratio
for cervical cancer associated with the presence of any HPV was 158.2 (95 percent
confidence interval, 113.4 to 220.6). The odds ratios were over 45 for the most common
and least common HPV types. Fifteen HPV types were classified as high-risk types
(16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82); 3 were classified as probable
high-risk types (26, 53, and 66); and 12 were classified as low-risk types (6, 11, 40,
42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72, 81, and CP6108). There was good agreement between our epidemiologic
classification and the classification based on phylogenetic grouping.
conclusions
In addition to HPV types 16 and 18, types 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73,
and 82 should be considered carcinogenic, or high-risk, types, and types 26, 53, and 66
should be considered probably carcinogenic.
This study sequenced the genomes of 11 clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates from 8 US patients with pulmonary infections. Core genome analysis compared these isolates to 30 globally diverse strains to investigate population structure. Longitudinally sampled isolates showed very few genetic differences, suggesting homogenous infection populations. Genome content variation between isolates was 0.3-8.3% compared to the reference strain, indicating plasticity.
Malaria parasitaemia and socioeconomic status of selected residents of Emohua...IOSRJPBS
The document summarizes a study that investigated the prevalence of malaria and socioeconomic status of residents in Emohua Community, Rivers State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 200 subjects aged 0-17 years old and tested for malaria parasites. The main findings were:
1) The overall malaria prevalence was 53%, with higher rates among females, young children aged 0-6 years, and individuals from lower socioeconomic classes.
2) Subjects not using mosquito nets or using untreated nets had higher infection rates compared to those using treated nets.
3) Most individuals had non-formal education and sought treatment from patent drug sellers rather than hospitals. Treatment-seeking behaviors differed based on education levels.
Molecular identification of caiman meat products and wild samplesDanielTeixeira171
The document describes a study that used DNA barcoding to identify caiman meat products and wild samples in Brazil. Three primer sets were tested on reference samples and the Fish primer set was most effective, amplifying all vertebrate groups including caiman species. This primer set was then used to identify 8 strips from a commercial package as Caiman yacare with 2 haplotypes present. 13 embryos from a nesting site were identified as C. yacare, Melanosuchus niger, and Paleosuchus palpebrosus. The study validated DNA barcoding for identifying commercial caiman meat and provided new insights into wild caiman populations.
This study compared ELISA and PCR-ELISA techniques for detecting human Plasmodium parasites in Anopheles mosquitoes from the Amazon region of Brazil. The PCR-ELISA technique confirmed all positive and negative ELISA results but detected additional Plasmodium species in 5 of the 32 positive mosquitoes that were not detected by ELISA alone. The PCR-ELISA is more sensitive than ELISA for detecting human malaria parasites in mosquitoes.
1) O documento analisa os casos de malária no estado de Santa Catarina entre 1996-2001, com 5,5% das 4.707 amostras sendo positivas.
2) Plasmodium vivax causou 69% dos casos, Plasmodium falciparum 25,6%, infecções mistas 5% e Plasmodium malariae 0,4%.
3) 67,4% dos casos foram importados e 32,6% autóctones, com aumento de casos importados nos anos subsequentes.
This study investigated genetic mutations associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum samples from the Brazilian Amazon region. The study analyzed 40 samples from 4 localities for mutations in the pfmdr1, cg2, and pfcrt genes. It found 100% of samples contained mutations in pfmdr1 codons 184, 1042, and the cg2 gamma region associated with chloroquine resistance. Most samples also contained the pfcrt K76T mutation, except some from Porto Velho which matched a Thai resistant genotype. This research contributes to understanding the molecular basis of widespread chloroquine resistance in this region.
1. The study developed a new PCR/RFLP technique to identify the 3 genotypes of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like) using DNA extracted from blood samples.
2. The technique uses PCR amplification of the central immunodominant region of the CSP gene followed by restriction enzyme digestion and fragment analysis to distinguish the genotypes.
3. Testing demonstrated the technique could accurately identify the genotypes using plasmid controls for each variant, and that it had high sensitivity detecting parasitemia levels as low as 0.0069 parasites per microliter.
Mixed Plasmodium falciparum infections were common in four areas of the Brazilian Amazon region. Molecular diagnosis found 73% of infections were single P. falciparum infections, while 27% were mixed infections, mostly double infections. Mixed infections were associated with weaker clinical malaria symptoms like lower rates of fever and headache compared to single P. falciparum infections. The study highlights the need for improved malaria diagnosis to better understand mixed infections and their impact on disease severity.
1. A study analyzed genetic and immune response differences between P. vivax circumsporozoite (CS) genotypes VK210 and P. vivax-like.
2. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA and CytB genes found high similarity between the genotypes, with zero nucleotide diversity, placing them in the same clade.
3. Individuals infected with P. vivax-like had a lower antibody response against CS repetitive region peptides than those with VK210, suggesting variation is limited to the CS repetitive region.
This document describes the development of a PCR-RFLP assay to identify Plasmodium species and variants of P. vivax infecting Anopheles mosquitoes. Specific primers were designed that target regions of the circumsporozoite gene to distinguish P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. vivax variants VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like. The assay was tested on artificially infected mosquitoes and showed good agreement with nested PCR. The PCR-RFLP method provides a sensitive way to detect Plasmodium species and variants, which can help understand malaria transmission dynamics.
This study evaluated antibody responses to the Pv200L fragment of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-1) in individuals from 4 malaria-endemic regions in Brazil. Plasma samples from 261 P. vivax infected individuals were tested for antibodies to Pv200L by ELISA. The frequency of antibody responders ranged from 71.9-98.7% between regions and correlated with malaria transmission intensity. Higher antibody levels were also associated with greater past exposure to malaria parasites. Results provide evidence that Pv200L elicits naturally acquired antibodies and could be a potential vaccine candidate.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the influence of HLA-DRB1 alleles on the production of antibodies against malaria antigens in individuals naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax in Brazil. The study found an association between HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR5 alleles and lack of antibody response to the amino terminal region of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). It also found an association between HLA-DR3 and higher antibody response to merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1). No significant associations were found between HLA-DRB1 alleles and antibody responses to other malaria antigens tested.
1) Field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Colombia and Peru were found to invade red blood cells through an atypical pathway that was resistant to all enzyme treatments, unlike what is typically seen.
2) The invasion pathways and ligand polymorphisms differed between Colombian, Peruvian, and Brazilian isolates, with Peruvian isolates showing a combination of Colombian and Brazilian characteristics.
3) The atypical resistant pathway was associated with specific variants of PfRh2a, PfRh5 and EBA-181, which may be major players in this pathway based on expression levels.
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