Slides used at presentation given at the 2008-07 Palmetto Open Source Software Conference - Legal Issues in Open Source: Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights, and Licenses
Many of us work in open source projects without really understanding all the details about open source licensing and how intellectual property should be managed. In this session we will talk what it means to be open source, what "copyleft" means, how a few of the major open source licenses work, how to handle copyright ownership, and what contributor agreements do.
Open vs. Gang Ki by Bunnie Huang (bb #28)blinkBL_NK
A core assumption of Western IP law is that innovation will not happen unless the government offers innovators and entrepreneurs a limited legal monopoly on the fruits of their labors. It is even written into the US constitution that: "The Congress shall have Power ... To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." Developments in open source have demonstrated that innovation can flourish in the absence of a monopoly, although the implementation of open source requires a wry twisting of compulsory copyright law. Emerging IP ecosystems, such as China's, come from a different cultural background. US IP pundits are quick to dismiss these emerging IP ecosystems as lawless, anti-innovation, and unproductive. However, my experience indicates that the weaknesses of the US IP system are understated, and the strengths of the China IP system are uncelebrated. This talk explores these weaknesses and strengths from the standpoint of an SME entrepreneur/innovator.
This presentation covers the following select IP-related topics:
• What is IP? Importance of definitions.
• Inventorship vs. ownership.
• Grant of rights: defining the scope of your license; potential pitfalls.
• Collaborations with government and government-affiliated institutions: how they may affect your IP rights.
• IP warranty: to give or not to give?
* Reversion of rights: what happens if something doesn\'t go as planned?
Many of us work in open source projects without really understanding all the details about open source licensing and how intellectual property should be managed. In this session we will talk what it means to be open source, what "copyleft" means, how a few of the major open source licenses work, how to handle copyright ownership, and what contributor agreements do.
Open vs. Gang Ki by Bunnie Huang (bb #28)blinkBL_NK
A core assumption of Western IP law is that innovation will not happen unless the government offers innovators and entrepreneurs a limited legal monopoly on the fruits of their labors. It is even written into the US constitution that: "The Congress shall have Power ... To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." Developments in open source have demonstrated that innovation can flourish in the absence of a monopoly, although the implementation of open source requires a wry twisting of compulsory copyright law. Emerging IP ecosystems, such as China's, come from a different cultural background. US IP pundits are quick to dismiss these emerging IP ecosystems as lawless, anti-innovation, and unproductive. However, my experience indicates that the weaknesses of the US IP system are understated, and the strengths of the China IP system are uncelebrated. This talk explores these weaknesses and strengths from the standpoint of an SME entrepreneur/innovator.
This presentation covers the following select IP-related topics:
• What is IP? Importance of definitions.
• Inventorship vs. ownership.
• Grant of rights: defining the scope of your license; potential pitfalls.
• Collaborations with government and government-affiliated institutions: how they may affect your IP rights.
• IP warranty: to give or not to give?
* Reversion of rights: what happens if something doesn\'t go as planned?
This presentation will be covering intellectual property, tips, case studies, and where the industry is heading for each industrial, communication and interaction design, and also an interview with developer and designer, Audrey Tang, about open sources and creative commons
Invited Lecture on 8th December 2015 in Orientation Programme of UGC-HRDC of Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal>>>
Invention is the key to economic development of any nation. No invention can be diffused to the desired level in the society until it is successfully innovated and induce further invention. Creation of any new idea, conceptualization of the idea to its production of new product or process to solve a specific problem-in every stage requires protection by Intellectual property rights (IPR). Protection of invention and innovation through various forms of IPR particularly patents not only act as a lever of economic growth but also minimise the social inequality in the society. Creating a climate of invention, subsequent innovation protected by IPR will help us to recreate our future.
These are the slides for my presentation to the Menai Science Park Enterprise Hub on 30 June 2020.
This presentation explains what is meant by intellectual property and why it is important to business.
It considers different types of IP:
- patents
- trade marks
- registered designs
- copyrights and related rights,
I talked about related rights and how they can be obtained and rights that arise automatically,
I discussed enforcement and sources of further information including the Business and IP Centres at the British Library and Liverpool.
Finally, I mentioned the network of IP experts to assist M-SParc tenants and others in North Wales.
This presentation will be covering intellectual property, tips, case studies, and where the industry is heading for each industrial, communication and interaction design, and also an interview with developer and designer, Audrey Tang, about open sources and creative commons
Invited Lecture on 8th December 2015 in Orientation Programme of UGC-HRDC of Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal>>>
Invention is the key to economic development of any nation. No invention can be diffused to the desired level in the society until it is successfully innovated and induce further invention. Creation of any new idea, conceptualization of the idea to its production of new product or process to solve a specific problem-in every stage requires protection by Intellectual property rights (IPR). Protection of invention and innovation through various forms of IPR particularly patents not only act as a lever of economic growth but also minimise the social inequality in the society. Creating a climate of invention, subsequent innovation protected by IPR will help us to recreate our future.
These are the slides for my presentation to the Menai Science Park Enterprise Hub on 30 June 2020.
This presentation explains what is meant by intellectual property and why it is important to business.
It considers different types of IP:
- patents
- trade marks
- registered designs
- copyrights and related rights,
I talked about related rights and how they can be obtained and rights that arise automatically,
I discussed enforcement and sources of further information including the Business and IP Centres at the British Library and Liverpool.
Finally, I mentioned the network of IP experts to assist M-SParc tenants and others in North Wales.
Description
Intellectual property Rights(IPR) represents the latest in the long list of human created properties that need to be protected from other. Engineering institutions being hub of research and development activitiy have a huge potential create new intellectual property. Hence a basic understanding of themes and types of intellectual property is a must for every stake holder- faculty, student. researcher and R& D units. This presentation covers essentials of IPR and provides a general awareness on its provisions and prescriptions.
Virtually every organization uses open source software, and lots of it, to create efficiencies in software development. But left unmanaged, open source can introduce legal, IP, compliance, and other risks for the business. With over 2,500 different licenses in use, legal professionals and technical managers need to understand the license obligations associated with open source and how to mitigate risks. For more information, please visit our website at www.synopsys.com/open-source-audit
This slidedeck is the first presentation in a series of presentations on legal issues on open source licensing by Karen Copenhaver of Choate Hall and Mark Radcliffe of DLA Piper. To view the webinars, please go to http://www.blackducksoftware.com/files/legal-webinar-series.html. You may also want to visit my blog which frequently deals with open source legal issues http://lawandlifesiliconvalley.com/blog/
Leage For Programming Freedom. Against Software Patents. (1991)guest757c2c1
The League for Programming Freedom is an organization that opposes software patents and user interface copyrights. The general aim of the League for Programming Freedom is to prevent monopolies on software development. Initially the League's only specific position was against interface copyright. But once the League began to operate, members called its attention to the problem of software patents. In December 1990, the League members voted to adopt a position opposing software patents.
The League's main activity was to publicize the danger of interface copyrights and software patents. The League carried out a second protest at Lotus Development Corporation in 1990, as well as dozens of speeches to inform the software community. Its position papers were printed in Dr. Dobbs' Journal and the Communications of the ACM. The League has testified at Patent Office hearings on software patents and filed friend-of-the-court briefs on behalf of defendants in interface copyright and software patent cases.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
2008 07 30 Legal Issues In Open Source
1. Legal Issues in Open Source:
Patents, Trademarks,
Copyrights and Licenses
Calhoun “Reb” Thomas
Thomas Law Firm
803-748-0336
CRT@ThomasFirm.com
July 30, 2008
2. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-
Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.
To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ or send a
letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San
Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
3. Software Is Different
Software is the only type of property can
can be protected by both copyright and
patent law
Software is also normally protected by
contract law (GPL, etc) and often by
trade secret law (proprietary software)
The open source software model is the
opposite of a trade secret
3
4. Giving It Away?
Is giving software away a business
model?
Netscape browser
Four Freedoms (not free beer)
To use for any purpose
To share with others
To change as you want
To share your changes
4
5. Copyrights & Patents
Article I Section 8 of our Constitution
“The Congress shall
provides that
have the power … To promote
the progress of science and
useful arts, by securing for
limited times to authors and
inventors the exclusive right to
their respective writings and
discoveries”
5
6. Copyrights
In general, copyright law provides that
the author of a work has the exclusive
right to use, distribute, modify and
display the work
However, the copyright to a work
belongs to an employer in the case of a
“work made for hire”
Employees vs independent contractors
6
7. Copyrights
“Work made for hire” and the
independent contractor – get an
assignment - not all works are covered
Copyright can last a long time!
Life of the author plus 70 years
Works for hire – lesser of 95 years after
publication or 100 years after creation
7
8. Copyrights
Expression vs idea
“Copyleft” – a short way of trying to
describe what the GPL and other similar
licenses do by contract
Copyleft depends on copyright
The licenses permit a user to use,
modify and redistribute covered
software on the same Copyleft terms
8
9. Copyrights
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
Making or trafficking in software or
devices whose primary purpose is
defeating technological measures that
control access is illegal.
GPLv3 attempts to prevent GPLv3
covered software from being used to
“lock-out” (DRM) other users
9
10. Trademarks
Trademarks are primarily governed by
Federal law
States trademark law is usually not
important for software
A trademark identifies the source of
origin of a product
Example: Cuil for search engine and
advertising services
(Gaelic word for both knowledge and hazel)
10
11. Trademarks
Arbitrary or fanciful marks are much
better than descriptive or generic marks
Examples (good & bad):
RED HAT for software and services
JAVA for software
STARBUCKS for coffee
BED & BATH for selling bed & bath items
QUIK-PRINT for copying services
11
12. Trademarks
Merely registering a mark as a domain
name does not provide trademark rights
Registering domain name involves
entering into a contract
“The registrant... represents that ... the
selected domain name, to the best of
the registrant's knowledge, does not
interfere with or infringe upon the rights
of any third party”
12
13. Trademarks
If you are planning to bring a product or
service to market, start as early as
possible with your intent-to-use (ITU)
trademark application
For example: Cuil, Inc. filed an ITU
application on April 11, 2008 (they
should have filed much earlier, but ...)
Madrid Protocol
13
14. Patents
Similar to Copyright law in that Patent
law is Federal law, states may not
legislate in this area
A patent is an intangible form of
personal property
Patents only have national effect
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
14
15. Patents
Over 7.4 million utility patents have
been issued by the USPTO
Tuesday the Patent Office issued
approximately 3,000 utility patents
The Patent Office received almost
500,000 patent applications in 2007
Almost half are filed from other
countries
15
16. Patents
Most recent patent issued yesterday
16
17. Patents
Granted to an individual or individuals
who invents or discovers a process
(method), machine, article of
manufacture, composition of matter, or
improvement thereof
For software the focus is usually on a
“process” or this is often called a
“method” or “business method” patent
17
18. Patents
Must be new, useful and non-obvious to
one of ordinary skill in the art
Must be an “invention” – not just an
idea – you need complete conception
and reduction to practice
Patent is the opposite of a trade secret
– must fully disclose the invention
Non-obviousness is key (peertopatent)
18
19. Patents
Utility and design patents
The term of a utility patent ends 20
years after the date of application
Term of design patent ends 14 years
after date of issuance
Applications are typically published 18
months after filed - average patent
takes about 2-4 years to issue
19
20. Patents
Having an issued patent does not give
the holder the “right” to actually make
their claimed invention, but it does give
them the right to exclude others from:
making
using
selling
offering for sale
importing the invention
20
21. Example of growing backlog
Recent news – Microsoft is sued for
patent infringement by Gotuit Media
Corp. for infringing 3 patents
U.S Patent No. 5,892,536 - Systems and Methods for Computer
Enhanced Broadcast Monitoring, issued on April 6, 1999; U.S.
Patent No. 5,986,692 - Systems and Methods for Computer
Enhanced Broadcast Monitoring, issued on November 16, 1999;
U.S. Patent No. 7,055,166 - Apparatus and Methods for Broadcast
Monitoring, issued May 30, 2006
First one filed in 1996 only took about 2.5 years to issue
Third one filed in 1999 took over 7 years to issue
21
22. OSI List of Different Licenses
Academic Free License 3.0 (AFL 3.0), Affero GNU Public License, Adaptive Public License, Apache Software
License, Apache License, 2.0, Apple Public Source License, Artistic license, Artistic license 2.0, Attribution
Assurance Licenses, New and Simplified BSD licenses, Boost Software License (BSL1.0), Computer Associates
Trusted Open Source License 1.1, Common Development and Distribution License, Common Public Attribution
License 1.0 (CPAL), Common Public License 1.0, CUA Office Public License Version 1.0, EU DataGrid Software
License, Eclipse Public License, Educational Community License, Version 2.0, Eiffel Forum License, Eiffel
Forum License V2.0, Entessa Public License, Fair License , Frameworx License, GNU General Public License
(GPL), GNU General Public License version 3.0 (GPLv3), GNU Library or quot;Lesserquot; General Public License
(LGPL), GNU Library or quot;Lesserquot; General Public License version 3.0 (LGPLv3), Historical Permission Notice and
Disclaimer, IBM Public License, Intel Open Source License, ISC License, Jabber Open Source License, Lucent
Public License (Plan9), Lucent Public License Version 1.02, Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL), Microsoft
Reciprocal License (Ms-RL), MIT license, MITRE Collaborative Virtual Workspace License (CVW License),
Motosoto License, Mozilla Public License 1.0 (MPL), Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL), Multics License, NASA
Open Source Agreement 1.3, NTP License, Naumen Public License, Nethack General Public License, Nokia
Open Source License, Non-Profit Open Software License 3.0 (Non-Profit OSL 3.0), OCLC Research Public
License 2.0, Open Group Test Suite License, Open Software License 3.0 (OSL 3.0), PHP License, Python
license (CNRI Python License), Python Software Foundation License, Qt Public License (QPL), RealNetworks
Public Source License V1.0, Reciprocal Public License, Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL1.5), Ricoh Source
Code Public License, Simple Public License 2.0, Sleepycat License, Sun Industry Standards Source License
(SISSL), Sun Public License, Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0, University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source
License, Vovida Software License v. 1.0, W3C License, wxWindows Library License, X.Net License, Zope Public
License, zlib/libpng license
This is probably not all and there will be more coming
22
23. Some of the Groups
Free Software Foundation (fsf.org)
Software Freedom Law Center
GNU.org
Apache Software Foundation
Mozilla Foundation
Open Software Initiative
FOSSBazaar.org
23
24. Main Licenses
GNU General Public License (GPL)
Lesser GPL
Apache License
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)
Eclipse Public License (EPL)
MPL (Mozilla or Microsoft?)
Common PL and CDDL
24
25. Open Source in Mobile Phones
LiMo Foundation says it will use the GPL,
Mozilla and its own “Foundation Public
License or FPL
Nokia -> Symbian Foundation – moving
the Symbian mobile operating system to
open source over the next 2 years using
the EPL
Google (Android) using Apache License
25
26. Final Thoughts
Affero – GPL for “software as a service”
or SaaS
USPTO Peer Review Pilot (also known as
PeerToPatent.org) extended & expanded
to include business method patents
MPL can even mean the Microsoft Public
License or Microsoft Reciprocal License
(two OSI approved licenses)
26