UNRI 2007 PEKANBARU: CHANGING CITIZEN BEHAVIOR

Thursday, August 21, 2014
Seminar Pendidikan Serantau III
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SEMINAR PENDIDIKAN SERANTAUSEMINAR PENDIDIKAN SERANTAU
IIIIII
FKIP UNRI-FPEND UKMFKIP UNRI-FPEND UKM
May 2-3, 2007May 2-3, 2007
Universitas Riau, PekanbaruUniversitas Riau, Pekanbaru

CHANGING CITIZEN’S BEHAVIORCHANGING CITIZEN’S BEHAVIOR
THROUGH THE INNOVATION OFTHROUGH THE INNOVATION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
LEARNING ON THE ISSUE OFLEARNING ON THE ISSUE OF
PLASTIC BAGSPLASTIC BAGS
Arba’at HassanArba’at Hassan
Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Email/FB/YM: arbaat@yahoo.comEmail/FB/YM: arbaat@yahoo.com
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I. Introduction
 Plastics…used in all aspects of our life
activities; from the
 cheapest most expensive
 simplest  most sophisticated.
 Our world seems to be wrapped in
plastics
 This paper concerns on the plastic
shopping bags (HDPE=High Density
Polyethylene and LDPE=Low Density
Polyethylene)

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(HDPE)

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(LDPE)

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…food containers

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A.A. EnvironmentEnvironment
I. Littering; II. Waste disposal; III. WildlifeI. Littering; II. Waste disposal; III. Wildlife
I. LLittering
 Studies: plastic bag litters are the top 20
items counted.
 Australia Beautiful Campaign (1988/99)
…plastic bags comprised 2% of litter
collected.
 …very visible component in many areas.

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…along highway …waterway

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…wind litter

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coastal areacoastal area
beach

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Pencala River,
Malaysia
Thames River,
 England

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…floating
plastics

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A. EnvironmentA. Environment
II. Waste Disposal
 Plastic bags:… significant
pollutant.
 Majority plastic bags are disposed
in landfills.
 Australia: 75% of people surveyed
reused shopping bags as “free” bin
liners.

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 from
litterbins
end up at landfill

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…black plastic
bags

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…landfill

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 Plastic bags clogged drains,
waterways; threaten environment
and urban areas.
 1988 & 1998: major factors
resulting severe flooding in Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
 Demand: complete ban on using
plastic bags, as early in 2002
II. Waste Disposal

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…clogged drains

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2003

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III. Wildlife
 Floating plastic bags are the most
common man-made litters reported
by sailors at sea.
 Plastics contributed >80 % of total
maritime pollutions.
 They result in marine life: through
entanglement, ingestion, and
suffocation.

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 turtles
 bird

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I. Landfill
 Public concern related to plastic bags is
‘bad.’
 Landfill becomes a ‘place’ that some
people search for re-useable, re-
cycleable, or resalable materials.
 Landfill is NOT healthy for humans.
 Still, we find people and/or animals
search for things.
B. Social Issues
I. Landfill, II. Economy, III. Attitudes

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
animal
 people


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B. Social Issues
II. Economy
 Plastic garbage can get
caught in the propeller
shafts or block water
intakes in the boats.
 The caught and
blockage will cause
expensive repairs and
loss of income, while
vessels are being
repaired.

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B. Social Issues
III. Attitudes
 Plastic bags are
widely and
conveniently
used.
 Majority of
consumers use at
least one new
plastic bag per
day.

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ROLES AND INNOVATIVE TEACHING
Environmental education
 …a interdisciplinary approach
 emphasizes on nature-human inter-
relationship
 involving citizens at all ages
 a participant-centered that allows
involvement in the choice of issues and
problem-solving solutions

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Goals (UNESCO)
 Level 1: Knowledge/Ecological Foundation
 Goal 2: Awareness of Issues & Values
 Goal 3: Issue Investigation & Evaluation
 Goal 4: Action skills & Participation

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Goals of envt’l education (UNESCO)
Level 1: Knowledge/Ecological Foundation
 Provides sufficient knowledge on ecology
 Allows him/her to make ecological
decisions with respect to environment
 Goal 2: Awareness of Issues & Values
 Develop high degree of awareness
 Action and influence between life and the
quality of environment

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Level 3: Issue Investigation & Evaluation
 Develop skills to investigate environmental
issues
 Evaluate alternative solutions for
remediating the environmental issues
Goal 4: Action skills & Participation
 Develop skills to take positive
environmental actions
 Achieves and maintains equilibrium
between life and quality of environment

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INNOVATIVE OF TEACHING
 Application of problem-based learning
 Interdisciplinary of relevant areas
(sciences, social sciences, etc.)
 Applies science processes and scientific
skills (hands-on investigation)
 Decisions and actions based on values
(e.g.: law, environmental, political,
religion, cultural, +ve participations,
economical, etc.

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III. Conclusions
 Issues related to plastic bags are
popular to consumers and retailers
(coz:..useful, multi-purpose functional,
lightweight, strong, cheap, convenience,
and easy way of transporting goods).
used in every single activity,
everyday,
from the simplest  sophisticated,
the cheapest  expensive).

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III. Conclusions ..
 Despite popularity, plastic bags appears to
be ‘bad.’
 Certain issues of concerned by public are
a. environment, b. health, and c. social
 Alternative ways to minimize problems
associated with plastic wastes, known as
“5R-approach” i.e.: Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle, React, and
Reject.

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III. Conclusions …
Reduce: minimize the use of plastic bags.
Reuse: plastic bags are used over and
over, over time (make sure the hygienity).
Recycle: collect, process, remanufacture,
and market plastic bags in their original or
new forms.
React: respond to retailers and
manufacturers about the products.
Reject: refuse to accept to use plastic
bags.

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IV. Recommendations .
 An integrated approach…likely to be
the most effective way in tackling
problems arise from plastic shopping
bags.
 The approach needs full supported by
the industries, retailers, consumers,
government and non-government
organizations, and importantly…. the
PUBLIC

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 Educate public: practice good behaviors
(…handle proper plastic bag disposals).
 Instill awareness (…provide public with
positive attitudes).
 Provide positive skills+prevent negative
behavior (… apply appropriate waste
disposal behavior=anti-littering).
 Recommend+Participate positive actions
(…littering and consumer behavior).
IV. Recommendations ..

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IV. Recommendations …
LDPE
 Enforce legislative options and scopes.
 Conduct extensive research on all
aspects, recommend goods and bad of
plastic bags.
The true effectiveness in solving problems
arise from plastic bags usage is not
complete, however. The alternatives are
sought, suggested and recommended, but
the issues are still far from ending. Thus,
the problems caused by using plastic bags
are still on …

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LDPE bags
 Researches on LDPE plastic bags issues
 The National Plastic Bags Working Group
2002 has identified four main areas of
concern related to plastic shopping bags.
 They are
i. plastic shopping bags littering,
ii. resource consumption issues,
iii. plastic degradability issues, and
iv. social issues

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IV. Recommendations ..
 Encourage consumers and retailers to shift
to multi-use and longlife bags (thru
education, awareness programs,
alternatives use of plastic bags, and making
collection information available to the
public).
 Increase campaigns on reusable plastic
bags (governments, non-government
organizations, retailers, and consumers).
 Promote marine and land-based awareness,
skills, and participation on littering, and
pollution.

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 Develop+Implement current and future
national best practice of waste
management.
 Alternative using other type of plastic
bags: degradable.
 Degradable: … is incorporated with
certain chemical that is
 photo-degradable or
 bio-degradable or
 chemically treatable.

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RECYCLING
SYMBOLS FOR
PLASTICS

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THANK YOU
for your attention

UNRI 2007 PEKANBARU: CHANGING CITIZEN BEHAVIOR

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