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NYMBLE: Blocking Misbehaving Users in Anonymizing
Networks
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the academic
requirement for the award of degree of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
(Computer Science & Engineering)
i

2. Submitted
By
Mohammad Zainuddin
(10R01D5809)
Under the Esteemed guidance of
Mr. D. Baswaraj
Associate Professor, Department of CSE
CMR INSTITUTE
OF
TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, R.R. Dist. Hyderabad.
2011-2012
CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
ii

3. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Thesis entitled “NYMBLE: Blocking Misbehaving Users in
Anonymizing Networks” is being submitted by Mohammad Zainuddin with H.T.No.
10R01D5809 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
M.Tech in Computer Science & Engineering to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under my/our
guidance and supervision from 24-10-2011 to 25-08-2012.
The results presented in this thesis have been verified and are found to be satisfactory. The
results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University for the
award of any other degree or diploma.
Internal Guide HOD Principal
(Mr. D. Baswaraj) (Prof. P. Pavan Kumar) (Dr. M. Janga Reddy)
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am extremely grateful to Dr. M. Janga Reddy, Principal and Prof. P. Pavan Kumar,
HOD, Department of CSE, CMR Institute of Technology.
I am extremely thankful to Mr. D. Baswaraj, Project Coordinator and Internal Guide,
Department of CSE, for his constant guidance, encouragement and moral support
throughout the project.
iii

4. I will be failing in duty if I do not acknowledge with grateful thanks to the authors of the
references and other literatures referred in this Project.
I express my thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help and co-ordination
extended in bringing out this Project successfully in time.
Finally, I am very much thankful to my parents who guided me for every step.
(Mohammad Zainuddin)
Date:
Place:
iv

5. ABSTRACT
Anonymizing networks such as Tor allow users to access Internet services privately by
using a series of routers to hide the client’s IP address from the server. The success of such
networks, however, has been limited by users employing this anonymity for abusive
purposes such as defacing popular websites.
Website administrators routinely rely on IP-address blocking for disabling access to
misbehaving users, but blocking IP addresses is not practical if the abuser routes through
an anonymizing network. As a result, administrators block all known exit nodes of
anonymizing networks, denying anonymous access to misbehaving and behaving users
alike. To address this problem, we present Nymble, a system in which servers can
“blacklist” misbehaving users, thereby blocking users without compromising their
anonymity. Our system is thus agnostic to different servers’ definitions of misbehavior —
servers can blacklist users for whatever reason, and the privacy of blacklisted users is
maintained.
v

6. CONTENTS
Sl.No. Particulars Page No.
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Problem Definition 2
1.2. Existing System and its Limitations 2
1.3. Proposed System 2
1.4. Advantages of Proposed System 3
1.5. Feasibility Study 4
1.6. Hardware and Software Requirements 5
1.7. Functional Requirements 5
1.8. Non-Functional Requirements 5
1.9. Pseudo Requirements 5
2. Literature Survey 6
2.1. Previous work done in blocking of users in anonymizing networks 6
2.1.1. Pseudonymous Credential Systems 6
2.1.2. Anonymous Credential Systems 8
2.1.3. Verifier-local Revocation (VLR) 9
2.2. Proposed Work 9
3. Analysis and Design 11
3.1. Modules Description 11
3.1.1. Nymble Manager 11
3.1.2. Pseudonym Manager 11
3.1.3. Blacklisting a User 11
3.1.4. Nymble-Authenticated Connection 11
3.2. Data Flow Diagrams 12
3.3. UML Diagrams 16
3.3.1. Use Case Diagram 16
3.3.2. Class Diagram 17
3.3.3. Sequence Diagram 18
3.3.4. Activity Diagram 19
3.3.5. Collaboration Diagram 20
4. Implementation 21
4.1. Process Specification 21
4.1.1. Input Design 21
4.1.2. Objectives 21
4.1.3. Output Design 21
4.2. Techniques Used 22
4.2.1. Blacklisting Anonymous Users 22
4.2.2. Practical Performance 22
4.2.3. Open-Source Implementation 22
4.3. Algorithms Used 23
4.3.1. Algorithm for Pseudonym Creation 23
4.3.2. Algorithm for Granting Nymble Tickets 23
4.3.3. Algorithm for Notifying Users about their status 24
vi

7. Sl.No. Particulars Page No.
4.4. Technology Description 25
4.4.1. Java Technology 25
4.4.2. The Java Programming Language 25
4.4.3. The Java Platform 27
4.4.4. What can Java Technology do? 27
4.4.5. How will Java Technology Change Life? 29
4.4.6. ODBC 30
4.4.7. JDBC 31
4.4.8. JDBC Goals 31
4.4.9. Networking 35
4.5. Sample Coding 39
4.5.1. Sample code for client login 39
4.5.2. Sample code for server login 43
4.5.3. Sample code for Nymble Manager 51
4.6. Screenshots 56
5. Testing and Debugging 77
5.1. Types of Testing 77
5.1.1. Black Box Testing 77
5.1.2. White Box Testing 77
5.1.3. Unit Testing 77
5.1.4. Test Strategy and Approach 77
5.2. Test Objectives 77
5.3. Features to be tested 78
5.3.1. System Testing 78
5.3.2. Integration Testing 78
5.3.3. Functional Testing 78
5.3.4. Test case table 79
5.3.5. Query 79
5.4. Test Plan 80
5.4.1. Bottom up approach 80
5.4.2. Top down approach 80
5.5. Test cases 80
6. Conclusion 82
7. Reference / Bibliography 83
8. Appendix 85
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8. List of Figures
Fig.No. Description Page No.
1. Project Architecture 3
2. Pseudonymous System Flow Diagram 7
3. Anonymous Credential Systems 8
4. Overview Nymble Design 10
5. DFD for Nymble Modules 13
6. Overview Flowchart of Whole Project 13
7. DFD for Server 14
8. DFD for Client 15
9. Use case Diagram for user login and server login 16
10. Class Diagram for user and nymble manager interaction 17
11. Sequence Diagram for client, server and NM interactions 18
12. Activity Diagram for user and server 19
13. Collaboration Diagram for Nymble System 20
14. Working of Interpreter 26
15. Working of Java Program 26
16. Java API 27
17. Java IDE 29
18. Java Program going through Compilers and Interpreter 34
viii

9. List of Tables
Table.No. Description Page No.
1. Nymble Server Login Test Table 80
2. Client Login Test Table 81
3. Blocking Test Table 81
List of Screenshots
SS.No. Particulars Page No.
1. Nymble Server 56
2. Nymble Server Invalid Login 57
3. Nymble Server Valid Login 58
4. Nymble Manager with Resources and handling blocked IP-addresses 59
5. Misbehaving Users Info 60
6. Client Registration 61
7. Server Registration 62
8. User Login 63
9. User Login Key 64
10. Available Resources 65
11. Accessing of File 66
12. Authenticate Nymble Page 67
13. Nymble Web Page-1 68
14. Nymble Web Page-2 69
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10. List of Screenshots
SS.No. Particulars Page No.
15. Server View Via Android Mobile 70
16. Pseudonym Manager-1 71
17. Pseudonym Manager-2 72
18. Invalid PWD for 1st
Time 73
19. Invalid PWD for 2nd
Time 74
20. Invalid PWD for 3rd
Time 75
21. Blocking of User on 3rd
Wrong Attempt 76
x