The document discusses several management approaches including classical approach, contingency theory, and system theory. It provides details on contingency theory developed by Lawrence and Lorsch, which views organizations as open systems that must adapt to their environments. It also discusses system theory, referencing early thinkers like von Bertalanffy, and the viable system model developed by Stafford Beer to model organizational structure. The viable system model views organizations as systems that must survive in a changing environment by being adaptable.