9. The 5 Whys
by Sakichi Toyoda for the Toyota Motor Corporation during the
evolution of its lean manufacturing methodologies.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
13. 1. Why do I have too much stress?
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
14. 1. Why do I have too much stress?
Because I have too many stressful thoughts.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
15. 2. Why do I have too many
stressful thoughts?
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
16. 2. Why do I have too many
stressful thoughts?
Because I can not calm stressful thoughts.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
17. 3. Why am I unable to calm
stressful thoughts?
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
18. 3. Why am I unable to calm
stressful thoughts?
Because I do not practice calming stressful thoughts.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
19. 4. Why do I not practice calming
stressful thoughts?
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
20. 4. Why do I not practice calming
stressful thoughts?
Because I don’t have a process for calming stressful thoughts.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
21. Problem Definition:
To enable the user to calm their mind in
an effort to reduce their stress.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
22. 5. Why do I not have a process
to stop stressful thoughts?
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
23. 5. Why do I not have a process
to stop stressful thoughts?
Because I'm not aware of myself enough to know I need one.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
24. Real Problem Definition:
To enable the user to become more
aware of their true self in an effort to
calm their mind and reduce their stress.
Ryan Allen
@ryanallen_com
Thank you for that great intro. I’m so happy to have been asked to speak about something I’m so passionate about.
The first step in every design process, especially in a lean process, is to identify the real problem that your users’ need solved.
By real problem I mean a root-cause of your perceived problem, as opposed to only solving a higher level symptom.
So for example, this morning I woke up with a pain in my leg, which I solved by eating Aspirin.
Did the aspirin fix the root cause of the problem, or just treat a symptom?
I could go to the Dr. and she might discover a deeper root-cause to the pain, like a broken bone.
There is actually a simple method developed by Toyota Motor Corp along with many other fascinating lean manufacturing processes.
It’s called the Toddler Method!
Ok, it’s actually called the Five Whys.
The toddler method is more like the thirteen whys,
at which point you’ve either discovered the true nature of all reality
or you have plummeted into the dark depths of madness.
This statement may seem a bit obvious.
So let’s solve some!
To show an example of the 5-whys in action, I’d like to use an example of a problem that I myself have, and I hypothesize many of you have as well.
How many of you feel like you have too much stress?
I’m sorry you are suffering. You aren’t alone.
Here is an example of the five-whys that I ran on this very problem, which starts with the problem we perceive as owning.
We start the 5 whys simply by asking the first why.
Well, one reason is because I experience many stressful thoughts. I worry about all kinds of things all of the time.
Let’s ask why a second time.
If I were able to calm my stressful thoughts I wouldn’t experience so many of them.
Is this a symptom? Or is this a root cause. Let’s keep going.
Well, the few times I’ve tried I’ve been really bad at it.
In order to get better at something I need to practice that thing, frequently, and with curiosity.
Again is this a symptom? Or is this a root-cause. Whats next?
Honestly, I don’t really know what I’m supposed to be doing.
How do I know I’m doing things that are helpful, and not harmful to myself?
I should probably reach out to people in my network who would know more about this than me.
Here we have identified a broken process, which many times indicates you have found a root cause.
We can now formulate a problem definition.
This doesn’t sound very challenging to me. There are many, many solutions out there that solve this problem. How many of them solve something deeper though?
What was our fifth why again?
Oh yeah.
Let’s see where this rabbit hole goes.
I guess it’s because, until this very brief and focused exercise, I wasn’t aware that I even needed one.
This is a real problem that a talented team could design and build solutions for.
Now that we have a better understanding of the real problems we are trying to solve through our use of the 5-whys, we can begin designing solutions to build, measure and learn from quickly and much more confidently then if we were working from our perceived problem only.