This document provides an introduction to High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology. HSDPA offers higher data rates of up to 14 Mbps for 3G networks. The document describes the motivation for HSDPA, its introduction phases, challenges, and impacts on network infrastructure. Key aspects of HSDPA include new physical channels, time multiplexing of shared channels, adaptive modulation and coding to improve throughput, and changes to medium access protocols.
1) HSDPA is a new feature in WCDMA/UTRA that aims to increase peak data rates, quality of service, and spectral efficiency for downlink packet data services. It introduces fast adaptive modulation and coding, short transmission time intervals of 2ms, and fast hybrid ARQ to improve efficiency.
2) The key characteristics of HSDPA include a fixed spreading factor of 16, replacement of fast power control with adaptive modulation and coding, and moving some MAC functionality to the Node-B to enable fast scheduling. This allows for peak data rates exceeding 2Mbps using up to 15 parallel codes.
3) HSDPA supports both incremental redundancy and chase combining retransmission strategies in the fast hybrid ARQ protocol
The document describes the evolution of 3G mobile systems with the introduction of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). HSDPA will enhance 3G by offering higher data rates in the downlink direction through the use of new physical channels, adaptive modulation, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request, and fast packet scheduling controlled by the Node B. The introduction of HSDPA will occur in phases, with the first phase introducing basic HSDPA functionality and the second phase enhancing it further through the use of technologies like MIMO. HSDPA aims to improve spectral efficiency and support high-speed data services for mobile users.
High speed down link packet access (hsdpa)WritingHubUK
The title for the report is High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). Internet is become apart of our every day life and mobile users demand for high speed access while they are on the move. HSDPA can fulfil these demands and offer more services which are broadband related. The report will analyse and evaluate the HSDPA technology, which include the architecture, protocols and protocol status. Also the report discuss HSDPA principle operation and the physical and MAC layer.
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), QoS (Quality of Service) in sensor application plays a very important
role. QoS based routing is required to ensure the best use of nodes in WSN. In this paper, a comparative
study of QoS based routing in Media Access Control (MAC) protocols are presented based on the traits to
solve problems like prioritization, timeliness, reliability etc. The study mainly focuses on some priority
based QoS protocols used in WSN and a comparison among them. The study reveals that among the five
mentioned protocols; QMAC, PRIMA, DB-MAC, RAP, GTS; PRIMA shows the best performance in the
category of Packet Prioritization, Scheduling Scheme, Queue Type, Energy Awareness and QoS.
The document discusses HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that allows networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Key points:
- HSDPA was introduced in 2005 and allows peak data rates of 14.4 Mbps compared to 2 Mbps for standard WCDMA. It uses shared channel transmission, fast scheduling, adaptive modulation/coding, and HARQ.
- Planning HSDPA deployment requires analyzing existing network performance, dimensioning configurations, parameter planning, and performance monitoring. Critical aspects include carrier configuration, hardware capacity, transmission capacity, and coverage strategy.
- HSDPA improves on WCDMA through features like shared channel transmission, channel
This document discusses the GPRS air interface and logical channels. It describes the additional logical channels introduced in GPRS, including the Packet Broadcast Control Channel (PBCCH) and Packet Common Control Channels (PCCCH). It also covers the 52 TDMA frame organization, halfrate PDTCH, multislot operation, radio resource states, and relation between RR states and GMM states. Temporary block flows, establishment of uplink and downlink TBFs, and other procedures like timing advance are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), which was introduced in 3GPP Release 5 to improve downlink packet data performance in WCDMA networks. Key aspects of HSDPA discussed include fast link adaptation, hybrid ARQ with soft combining, channel-dependent scheduling, higher order modulation, connection handling and mobility support, and capacity management functions. HSDPA utilizes a new high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) to deliver packet data to user equipment at higher speeds than previous WCDMA networks.
1) HSDPA is a new feature in WCDMA/UTRA that aims to increase peak data rates, quality of service, and spectral efficiency for downlink packet data services. It introduces fast adaptive modulation and coding, short transmission time intervals of 2ms, and fast hybrid ARQ to improve efficiency.
2) The key characteristics of HSDPA include a fixed spreading factor of 16, replacement of fast power control with adaptive modulation and coding, and moving some MAC functionality to the Node-B to enable fast scheduling. This allows for peak data rates exceeding 2Mbps using up to 15 parallel codes.
3) HSDPA supports both incremental redundancy and chase combining retransmission strategies in the fast hybrid ARQ protocol
The document describes the evolution of 3G mobile systems with the introduction of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). HSDPA will enhance 3G by offering higher data rates in the downlink direction through the use of new physical channels, adaptive modulation, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request, and fast packet scheduling controlled by the Node B. The introduction of HSDPA will occur in phases, with the first phase introducing basic HSDPA functionality and the second phase enhancing it further through the use of technologies like MIMO. HSDPA aims to improve spectral efficiency and support high-speed data services for mobile users.
High speed down link packet access (hsdpa)WritingHubUK
The title for the report is High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). Internet is become apart of our every day life and mobile users demand for high speed access while they are on the move. HSDPA can fulfil these demands and offer more services which are broadband related. The report will analyse and evaluate the HSDPA technology, which include the architecture, protocols and protocol status. Also the report discuss HSDPA principle operation and the physical and MAC layer.
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), QoS (Quality of Service) in sensor application plays a very important
role. QoS based routing is required to ensure the best use of nodes in WSN. In this paper, a comparative
study of QoS based routing in Media Access Control (MAC) protocols are presented based on the traits to
solve problems like prioritization, timeliness, reliability etc. The study mainly focuses on some priority
based QoS protocols used in WSN and a comparison among them. The study reveals that among the five
mentioned protocols; QMAC, PRIMA, DB-MAC, RAP, GTS; PRIMA shows the best performance in the
category of Packet Prioritization, Scheduling Scheme, Queue Type, Energy Awareness and QoS.
The document discusses HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that allows networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Key points:
- HSDPA was introduced in 2005 and allows peak data rates of 14.4 Mbps compared to 2 Mbps for standard WCDMA. It uses shared channel transmission, fast scheduling, adaptive modulation/coding, and HARQ.
- Planning HSDPA deployment requires analyzing existing network performance, dimensioning configurations, parameter planning, and performance monitoring. Critical aspects include carrier configuration, hardware capacity, transmission capacity, and coverage strategy.
- HSDPA improves on WCDMA through features like shared channel transmission, channel
This document discusses the GPRS air interface and logical channels. It describes the additional logical channels introduced in GPRS, including the Packet Broadcast Control Channel (PBCCH) and Packet Common Control Channels (PCCCH). It also covers the 52 TDMA frame organization, halfrate PDTCH, multislot operation, radio resource states, and relation between RR states and GMM states. Temporary block flows, establishment of uplink and downlink TBFs, and other procedures like timing advance are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), which was introduced in 3GPP Release 5 to improve downlink packet data performance in WCDMA networks. Key aspects of HSDPA discussed include fast link adaptation, hybrid ARQ with soft combining, channel-dependent scheduling, higher order modulation, connection handling and mobility support, and capacity management functions. HSDPA utilizes a new high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) to deliver packet data to user equipment at higher speeds than previous WCDMA networks.
- HSUPA (Enhanced Uplink) improves the uplink capabilities of WCDMA networks by providing higher data rates, reduced latency, and improved system capacity. It complements HSDPA for downlink improvements.
- The NodeB scheduler controls UE uplink transmissions to manage interference levels. It uses scheduling requests and grants to determine each UE's allowed transmission power and data rate.
- In soft handover, the serving cell schedules transmissions while UE monitors grants from all cells to support HARQ and reliable transmission.
The document describes the GPRS network architecture and its components. It discusses the GSM PLMN including the MSC, VLR, HLR, EIR, AuC, SCP, and SMSC. It then describes the GPRS network architecture including the SGSN, GGSN, and their functions like mobility management, session management, and routing packet data. It also discusses the evolution of GERAN and its reference architecture in Release 5.
This document provides an overview of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology. It discusses how HSDPA enables significantly higher average bit rates and lower latency compared to prior 3G technologies. Key techniques that enable this include fast scheduling, fast hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and fast link adaptation using adaptive modulation and coding. These techniques are implemented at the Node B to provide faster response times. HSDPA also uses a high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) and new transport channels like the high-speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH) and high-speed dedicated physical control channel (HS-DPCCH).
The document discusses HSPA systems and provides an overview of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). It notes that HSPA was introduced to improve the packet data capabilities of WCDMA in response to growing interest in rich calls, mobile TV, and streaming services. HSDPA introduced faster scheduling, link adaptation, and hybrid automatic repeat request to improve downlink performance, while HSUPA later improved uplink performance using similar techniques. The document provides technical details on the channels, link adaptation, scheduling, mobility, and retransmissions used in HSDPA and HSUPA systems.
Long-Term Advancement Progressed (LTE-ADV) is the advancement of the long-term evolution,
which created via 3GPP. LTE-ADV aims to offer a transmission bandwidth of (100) MHz by using Carrier
Aggregation (CA) to aggregate LTE-ADV carriers. To increase the data capacity of the system and
resource allocation converts a very good tool. LTE-Advanced multiple Component Carriers (CCs) becomes
a difficult optimization problem. In the paper proposes a new scheduling algorithm and compares with a
different scheduling traditional algorithms that are proportional fair and round robin in the CA, in order to
find the best scheduler that provides high-quality throughput and improves fairness. It also evaluates
mapping model types are Mutual Information Effective SINR Mapping (MIESM) and Exponential Effective
SINR Mapping (EESM). The results show that the throughput in the proposed algorithm with MIESM
outperforms from others mapping and scheduling.
This document discusses the evolution of mobile broadband technologies including CDMA concepts, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSPA+, and DC-HSPA+. It explains that DC-HSPA+ uses two 5MHz carriers aggregated together to double speeds, providing theoretical peak downlink speeds of up to 42Mbps compared to 21Mbps for HSPA+. Real-world test results in Sri Lanka showed speeds of over 30Mbps with DC-HSPA+.
WCDMA uses an OSI model with 7 layers. The lower 3 layers - physical, data link, and network layers - are most important for WCDMA. The physical layer uses different physical channels to transmit data over the air interface. Logical channels define how data is transferred, transport channels define how data is transmitted, and physical channels carry payload data and define signal characteristics. There are three types of channels - logical, transport, and physical - that work together to transmit various types of control and traffic data between the UE and base station.
The document discusses High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS). HSDPA allows 3G networks to achieve higher data transfer speeds and capacity compared to standard 3G. Key features of HSDPA include hybrid automatic repeat request, fast cell site selection, and adaptive modulation and coding. MBMS enables point-to-multipoint transmission of multimedia content from a single source to multiple users in a specified area.
1. The document describes HSDPA call scenarios, including the basic HSDPA call setup and teardown process, involving signaling between the UE, Node B, RNC, and core network.
2. It also covers intra-Node B and inter-Node B serving HS-DSCH cell changes, which involve reconfiguring the UE's HSDPA radio link when its best cell changes within or between Node Bs without a change in active set.
3. Signaling flows are provided to illustrate the NBAP and RRC messages exchanged between the network elements to setup and reconfigure the UE's HSDPA radio bearers and resources during these cell change scenarios.
The document describes the Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) layer in GPRS networks. It discusses the functional description and services of SNDCP including compression of headers and data, segmentation and reassembly. It also describes SNDCP message flows for data transfer and XID negotiation, SNDCP header formats and fields, and provides an example SNDCP header.
HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access) is a wireless technology that improves 3G networks to provide faster data speeds for mobile internet access. It is made up of two protocols - HSDPA for faster downloads and HSUPA for faster uploads. HSPA provides download speeds of up to 14 Mbps and upload speeds of up to 5.8 Mbps, allowing users to transfer large files and stream content more smoothly with low latency. It uses advanced techniques like adaptive modulation and coding as well as fast scheduling and retransmissions. HSPA has continued to evolve through releases that deliver even higher speeds and additional capabilities.
Umts femto access point for higher data rate and better quality of service to...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document discusses GPRS protocols. It describes the control plane and user plane in GPRS, including protocols used on the air interface, between the BSS and SGSN, and between network elements. It also covers GPRS protocols in Release 5, including an evolved user plane and control plane for the Iu PS interface. Key protocols discussed include SNDCP, LLC, RLC, BSSGP, GTP, and RANAP. The document provides an overview of the protocol stacks and interfaces in the GPRS core network.
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
HSPA is a mobile telecommunications protocol that extends 3G networks by improving data transmission rates. It consists of HSDPA for faster downloads and HSUPA for faster uploads. HSPA was designed for non-real time data and increases peak rates to 14Mbps down and 5.8Mbps up. It achieves these improvements through technologies like shorter transmission time intervals, link adaptation, advanced modulation schemes, and MIMO antennas. The architecture introduces new channels like HS-DSCH for user data and HS-SCCH for control information. Subsequent evolutions like HSPA+ and DC-HSDPA have further increased speeds through higher order modulation and dual-cell connections.
This chapter discusses the GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) and Session Management (SM) protocols. Section 3.1 covers GMM tasks such as procedures, routing areas, and state transitions. Section 3.2 covers SM, including the PDP state model, elements involved in PDP contexts, and PDP parameters. Section 3.3 discusses GMM/SM message formats. Sections 3.4 and 3.5 cover specific GMM and SM procedures.
Here you are an interesting explanation about HSPA Technology. The High Speed packet Access is the combination of two technologies, one of the downlink and the other for the uplink that can be built onto the existing 3G UMTS or W-CDMA technology to provide increased data transfer speeds.
The original 3G UMTS / W-CDMA standard provided a maximum download speed of 384 kbps.
Simulation based Evaluation of a Simple Channel Distribution Scheme for MANETsIOSR Journals
This document presents a proposed multi-channel distribution scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and evaluates it through simulation. The proposed scheme assigns channels to nodes based on their node IDs to avoid control overhead from time synchronization. While neighboring nodes on the same channel is possible, the probability is low given random node distribution. The proposed scheme is compared to a single-channel scheme in ns-2 simulations. Results show the proposed technique has better performance.
This document provides an overview of GSM, GPRS, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA protocols and call flows. It describes the protocol stacks and architectures of these mobile communication standards. Key topics covered include physical layer protocols, MAC, RLC, RRC, SNDCP, GTP, MAP, mobility management, call establishment flows and channel types. The document also lists references for further information.
HSPA+ Advanced is Qualcomm's name for enhancements in 3GPP R11 and beyond. This presenation details our vision of HSPA+ Advanced -- to provide the maximum performance in multiple 5 MHz carriers.
For more information please visit www.qualcomm.com/hspa_adv
Download the presentation here: http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/hspa-advanced-taking-hspa-next-level
The document describes HCL Technologies' "Employee First, Customer Second" (EFCS) philosophy introduced in 2005 by CEO Vineet Nayar. The goal of EFCS was to empower employees and encourage a values-driven culture by implementing an inverted organizational structure with transparency and accountability. Key initiatives under EFCS included programs to facilitate employee performance and career development, recognition, work-life balance, and two-way communication between employees and leadership. Results of EFCS included reduced attrition, increased employee productivity and utilization, and recognition as a disruptive and modern management idea.
- HSUPA (Enhanced Uplink) improves the uplink capabilities of WCDMA networks by providing higher data rates, reduced latency, and improved system capacity. It complements HSDPA for downlink improvements.
- The NodeB scheduler controls UE uplink transmissions to manage interference levels. It uses scheduling requests and grants to determine each UE's allowed transmission power and data rate.
- In soft handover, the serving cell schedules transmissions while UE monitors grants from all cells to support HARQ and reliable transmission.
The document describes the GPRS network architecture and its components. It discusses the GSM PLMN including the MSC, VLR, HLR, EIR, AuC, SCP, and SMSC. It then describes the GPRS network architecture including the SGSN, GGSN, and their functions like mobility management, session management, and routing packet data. It also discusses the evolution of GERAN and its reference architecture in Release 5.
This document provides an overview of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology. It discusses how HSDPA enables significantly higher average bit rates and lower latency compared to prior 3G technologies. Key techniques that enable this include fast scheduling, fast hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and fast link adaptation using adaptive modulation and coding. These techniques are implemented at the Node B to provide faster response times. HSDPA also uses a high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) and new transport channels like the high-speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH) and high-speed dedicated physical control channel (HS-DPCCH).
The document discusses HSPA systems and provides an overview of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). It notes that HSPA was introduced to improve the packet data capabilities of WCDMA in response to growing interest in rich calls, mobile TV, and streaming services. HSDPA introduced faster scheduling, link adaptation, and hybrid automatic repeat request to improve downlink performance, while HSUPA later improved uplink performance using similar techniques. The document provides technical details on the channels, link adaptation, scheduling, mobility, and retransmissions used in HSDPA and HSUPA systems.
Long-Term Advancement Progressed (LTE-ADV) is the advancement of the long-term evolution,
which created via 3GPP. LTE-ADV aims to offer a transmission bandwidth of (100) MHz by using Carrier
Aggregation (CA) to aggregate LTE-ADV carriers. To increase the data capacity of the system and
resource allocation converts a very good tool. LTE-Advanced multiple Component Carriers (CCs) becomes
a difficult optimization problem. In the paper proposes a new scheduling algorithm and compares with a
different scheduling traditional algorithms that are proportional fair and round robin in the CA, in order to
find the best scheduler that provides high-quality throughput and improves fairness. It also evaluates
mapping model types are Mutual Information Effective SINR Mapping (MIESM) and Exponential Effective
SINR Mapping (EESM). The results show that the throughput in the proposed algorithm with MIESM
outperforms from others mapping and scheduling.
This document discusses the evolution of mobile broadband technologies including CDMA concepts, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSPA+, and DC-HSPA+. It explains that DC-HSPA+ uses two 5MHz carriers aggregated together to double speeds, providing theoretical peak downlink speeds of up to 42Mbps compared to 21Mbps for HSPA+. Real-world test results in Sri Lanka showed speeds of over 30Mbps with DC-HSPA+.
WCDMA uses an OSI model with 7 layers. The lower 3 layers - physical, data link, and network layers - are most important for WCDMA. The physical layer uses different physical channels to transmit data over the air interface. Logical channels define how data is transferred, transport channels define how data is transmitted, and physical channels carry payload data and define signal characteristics. There are three types of channels - logical, transport, and physical - that work together to transmit various types of control and traffic data between the UE and base station.
The document discusses High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS). HSDPA allows 3G networks to achieve higher data transfer speeds and capacity compared to standard 3G. Key features of HSDPA include hybrid automatic repeat request, fast cell site selection, and adaptive modulation and coding. MBMS enables point-to-multipoint transmission of multimedia content from a single source to multiple users in a specified area.
1. The document describes HSDPA call scenarios, including the basic HSDPA call setup and teardown process, involving signaling between the UE, Node B, RNC, and core network.
2. It also covers intra-Node B and inter-Node B serving HS-DSCH cell changes, which involve reconfiguring the UE's HSDPA radio link when its best cell changes within or between Node Bs without a change in active set.
3. Signaling flows are provided to illustrate the NBAP and RRC messages exchanged between the network elements to setup and reconfigure the UE's HSDPA radio bearers and resources during these cell change scenarios.
The document describes the Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) layer in GPRS networks. It discusses the functional description and services of SNDCP including compression of headers and data, segmentation and reassembly. It also describes SNDCP message flows for data transfer and XID negotiation, SNDCP header formats and fields, and provides an example SNDCP header.
HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access) is a wireless technology that improves 3G networks to provide faster data speeds for mobile internet access. It is made up of two protocols - HSDPA for faster downloads and HSUPA for faster uploads. HSPA provides download speeds of up to 14 Mbps and upload speeds of up to 5.8 Mbps, allowing users to transfer large files and stream content more smoothly with low latency. It uses advanced techniques like adaptive modulation and coding as well as fast scheduling and retransmissions. HSPA has continued to evolve through releases that deliver even higher speeds and additional capabilities.
Umts femto access point for higher data rate and better quality of service to...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document discusses GPRS protocols. It describes the control plane and user plane in GPRS, including protocols used on the air interface, between the BSS and SGSN, and between network elements. It also covers GPRS protocols in Release 5, including an evolved user plane and control plane for the Iu PS interface. Key protocols discussed include SNDCP, LLC, RLC, BSSGP, GTP, and RANAP. The document provides an overview of the protocol stacks and interfaces in the GPRS core network.
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
HSPA is a mobile telecommunications protocol that extends 3G networks by improving data transmission rates. It consists of HSDPA for faster downloads and HSUPA for faster uploads. HSPA was designed for non-real time data and increases peak rates to 14Mbps down and 5.8Mbps up. It achieves these improvements through technologies like shorter transmission time intervals, link adaptation, advanced modulation schemes, and MIMO antennas. The architecture introduces new channels like HS-DSCH for user data and HS-SCCH for control information. Subsequent evolutions like HSPA+ and DC-HSDPA have further increased speeds through higher order modulation and dual-cell connections.
This chapter discusses the GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) and Session Management (SM) protocols. Section 3.1 covers GMM tasks such as procedures, routing areas, and state transitions. Section 3.2 covers SM, including the PDP state model, elements involved in PDP contexts, and PDP parameters. Section 3.3 discusses GMM/SM message formats. Sections 3.4 and 3.5 cover specific GMM and SM procedures.
Here you are an interesting explanation about HSPA Technology. The High Speed packet Access is the combination of two technologies, one of the downlink and the other for the uplink that can be built onto the existing 3G UMTS or W-CDMA technology to provide increased data transfer speeds.
The original 3G UMTS / W-CDMA standard provided a maximum download speed of 384 kbps.
Simulation based Evaluation of a Simple Channel Distribution Scheme for MANETsIOSR Journals
This document presents a proposed multi-channel distribution scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and evaluates it through simulation. The proposed scheme assigns channels to nodes based on their node IDs to avoid control overhead from time synchronization. While neighboring nodes on the same channel is possible, the probability is low given random node distribution. The proposed scheme is compared to a single-channel scheme in ns-2 simulations. Results show the proposed technique has better performance.
This document provides an overview of GSM, GPRS, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA protocols and call flows. It describes the protocol stacks and architectures of these mobile communication standards. Key topics covered include physical layer protocols, MAC, RLC, RRC, SNDCP, GTP, MAP, mobility management, call establishment flows and channel types. The document also lists references for further information.
HSPA+ Advanced is Qualcomm's name for enhancements in 3GPP R11 and beyond. This presenation details our vision of HSPA+ Advanced -- to provide the maximum performance in multiple 5 MHz carriers.
For more information please visit www.qualcomm.com/hspa_adv
Download the presentation here: http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/hspa-advanced-taking-hspa-next-level
The document describes HCL Technologies' "Employee First, Customer Second" (EFCS) philosophy introduced in 2005 by CEO Vineet Nayar. The goal of EFCS was to empower employees and encourage a values-driven culture by implementing an inverted organizational structure with transparency and accountability. Key initiatives under EFCS included programs to facilitate employee performance and career development, recognition, work-life balance, and two-way communication between employees and leadership. Results of EFCS included reduced attrition, increased employee productivity and utilization, and recognition as a disruptive and modern management idea.
Which is better for social networking: Twitter or Facebook?wininginweb
As an avid user of social media and social networking, you are fully assured that you have now found the proper article to explain the advantages between Twitter and Facebook for social networking.
Over 3 billion people now live in cities rather than villages, as not all want a farming lifestyle. The document discusses the city of Toruń in Poland, which has a nice atmosphere contributed by its students, and recommends visiting its old town panorama. It asks the reader about their own town and compares it to large cities like Shanghai, Paris, or Rovaniemi.
Transportation has evolved significantly since ancient times. Early humans relied on walking but then began using horses and horse-drawn carriages. Water transportation developed through sailing ships and steamboats. Rail transportation emerged through early trains powered by animals and steam engines. Cars were invented in the late 19th century, powered initially by gasoline engines. Airplanes were developed in the early 20th century through the Wright brothers' pioneering controlled flights. Modern transportation also includes motorbikes, trains, and spacecraft.
The document discusses the Modified Paleo Diet. It explains that the Paleo diet mimics the diet that humans evolved eating for 2.5 million years, until the agricultural revolution 10,000 years ago. However, modern diets high in processed foods, grains and sugars have made people overweight and unhealthy. The Modified Paleo Diet advocates eating lean meats, fish, fruits and vegetables while avoiding dairy, grains and processed foods to lose weight and improve health, similar to our ancient ancestors' diets. It provides guidelines on following the diet, including sample meal plans and tips for eating out.
The document provides an overview of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), a new feature in the 3GPP WCDMA/UTRA standard to improve downlink peak data rates, quality of service, and spectral efficiency for packet data services. HSDPA introduces a high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) with a short transmission time interval of 2ms, adaptive modulation and coding, multi-code operation, and fast hybrid ARQ to increase data rates up to theoretically over 10Mbps. It also moves some medium access control functionality to the Node-B to enable fast packet scheduling on a per-transmission time interval basis. Evaluation shows HSDPA can increase cell throughput by 50-100
This article summarizes the main concepts of HSPA Evolution as standardized in 3GPP Releases 7 and 8, which aim to improve the performance of WCDMA mobile broadband systems. Key concepts discussed include higher-order modulation and MIMO to increase peak data rates to 42Mbps downlink and 11Mbps uplink. Protocol optimizations through features like continuous packet connectivity and enhanced CELL_FACH lower latency and improve capacity and battery life. Future releases may incorporate multicarrier operation and more advanced techniques to boost performance further.
HSDPA is a 3G protocol that provides faster download speeds on mobile phones equivalent to ADSL. It was included in 3GPP Release 5 and allows peak download speeds of up to 14 Mbps. Key features of HSDPA include shared channel transmission, a short 2 ms transmission time interval, fast link adaptation to channel conditions, fast scheduling between users, and fast hybrid ARQ with soft combining of retransmissions. These features provide higher throughput, reduced delays, and more efficient use of transmission power compared to previous 3G standards.
This document provides an introduction to HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), which is a 3GPP standard for improving 3G downlink packet data performance. It discusses why HSDPA was developed, as most mobile data traffic is downstream and 3G networks needed more downlink capacity. HSDPA achieves this through a new high-speed downlink shared channel that is code and time multiplexed to efficiently deliver high-speed packet data to multiple users simultaneously. It also introduces new control channels and employs techniques like hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation to further enhance downlink performance. Initial HSDPA networks are expected to launch in 2005, starting in Asia, providing peak data rates of 2Mbps and improving the user
The future potential of High Speed Uplink Packet Access in existing 3G netw...mvaltonen
An analysis of the WCDMA Enhanced Uplink. Key features, achievable bitrate performance and suitability to practical network topologies.
Published September 2007.
1. Circuit-Switched (CS) Voice Services over HSPA (CSoHS) was introduced to improve voice capacity and utilize improvements from HSPA's shared packet transport, while retaining existing CS core networks.
2. The document discusses the implementation of CSoHS and analyzes its performance via simulations. CSoHS provides significantly higher capacity than CS voice under similar conditions and voice quality.
3. CSoHS carries voice traffic over new HSPA radio channels for higher capacity like VoIP, but unlike VoIP does not carry voice over an IP backbone, requiring only minor changes to the radio access network and user equipment.
Ericsson Review: HSPA evolution for future mobile-broadband needsEricsson
As HSPA evolution continues to address the needs of changing user behavior, new techniques develop and become standardized. This article covers some of the more interesting techniques and concepts under study that will provide network operators with the flexibility, capacity and coverage needed to carry voice and data into the future, ensuring HSPA evolution and good user experience.
The document summarizes the key concepts in planning and deploying a 3G WCDMA mobile network. It describes the network architecture including nodes like RNC, Node B and interfaces. It also explains radio network planning phases and considerations like frequency planning, link budget calculations, coverage and capacity planning. The document discusses technologies like HSDPA that enhance data capabilities and presents LinkIT, a planning tool developed to understand network planning mathematics.
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is an enhancement to 3G that improves downlink performance. It features Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) to reduce errors, fast cell selection to improve handovers, and Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) to optimize data rates up to 10Mbps. New HSDPA terminals are required and initially offer download speeds of 3.6Mbps with later models reaching 14Mbps. HSDPA represents a significant step forward from 3G technologies.
The document discusses NTT DOCOMO's launch of HSUPA services in June 2009, which enable uplink data speeds of up to 5.7 Mbit/s. This high-speed uplink transmission scheme is called Enhanced Uplink (EUL) and allows mobile users to more quickly send high-quality images, videos, and conduct other uplink activities. NTT DOCOMO has developed several mobile terminals that support HSUPA/EUL including the L-05A USB card, L-06A handset, and L-07A ExpressCard terminal.
QoS -Aware Spectrum Sharing for Multi-Channel Vehicular NetworkIJSRD
We consider QoS -aware band sharing in cognitive wireless networks where secondary users are allowed to access the band owned by a primary network provider. The intrusion from secondary users to primary users is forced to be below the tolerable limit. Also, signal to intrusion plus noise ratio (SINR) of each secondary user is maintained higher than a required level for QoS cover. When network load is high, admission control needs to be performed to satisfy both QoS and intrusion constraint. We propose an admission control algorithm which is performed jointly with power manage such that QoS needs of all admitted secondary users are satisfied while keeping the intrusion to primary users below the passable limit. When all secondary users can be supported at minimum rates, we allow them to increase their spread rates and share the spectrum in a fair manner. We formulate the joint power/rate allocation with max-min equality principle as an optimization problem. We show how to change it into a convex optimization problem so that its globally most favourable solution can be obtained. Numerical grades show that the proposed admission control algorithm achieves performance very close to the optimal solution.
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is an enhancement to 3G technology that increases download speeds from 384 Kbps to 10 Mbps. HSDPA works by improving spectral efficiency and introducing fast channel control mechanisms. It uses a high speed downlink shared channel and adaptive modulation and coding to boost speeds. While part of 3G, HSDPA is also referred to as 3.5G. HSUPA provides similar enhancements for the uplink. Networks have rolled out HSDPA widely and compatible phones are available. References on HSDPA specifications and technologies are provided.
UMTS-WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses CDMA technology. It uses wideband CDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps for its air interface along with orthogonal variable spreading factor codes. The standard defines protocols and procedures for cell search, handover, uplink and downlink physical channels, and support for multirate services through variable spreading factors. Long term targets for UMTS-WCDMA evolution include higher data rates up to 100 Mbps for full mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility, as well as improved spectral efficiency.
This document provides an overview of WCDMA network measurements. It begins with an introduction to the evolution of mobile technologies leading to 3G WCDMA networks. It then discusses key aspects of WCDMA including its use of CDMA, channel structure, and differences from GSM. The document concludes by describing specific measurements that can be taken of WCDMA networks including code domain power, channel power, carrier frequency, and carrier feedthrough. These measurements help technicians evaluate WCDMA network performance and identify any issues.
The document describes an opportunistic packet scheduling and media access control (OSMA) protocol for wireless LANs and multi-hop ad hoc networks. The OSMA protocol aims to alleviate the head-of-line blocking problem and exploit multiuser diversity by allowing a node to schedule transmissions to receivers with good channel conditions. The key mechanisms of OSMA are multicast RTS frames containing a list of candidate receivers, and priority-based CTS frames where the receiver with the best channel and highest priority replies first to avoid collisions. Simulation results show the OSMA protocol can significantly improve network throughput while maintaining fairness between links.
The document describes experiments conducted using an experimental HSDPA transmission system to measure HSDPA throughput performance. Key findings include:
1) Throughput increased with the maximum number of received codes, with 15 codes achieving up to 17% higher throughput than 10 codes.
2) Field experiments showed throughput was determined by signal to interference ratio and was highest (9.8 Mbps) with 15 codes and line of sight to the base station.
3) Applying transmit/receive diversity at the base station and mobile station further improved throughput by enhancing signal quality.
Sharing session huawei network optimization january 2015 ver3Arwan Priatna
This document discusses 2G/3G network optimization. It begins with an introduction to 3G WCDMA and outlines the structure and principles of 2G/3G networks, including the evolution from 2G to 3G. It then describes various 2G/3G radio network optimization tools and methodologies, as well as presenting some case studies of 2G/3G neighboring cell analysis.
Rm literature survey_on_scheduling_and_resource_allocation_for_ieee_80211ax_p...RESHAN FARAZ
This document summarizes literature on scheduling and resource allocation algorithms for IEEE 802.11ax wireless networks. It discusses key features of 802.11ax like OFDMA and higher modulation schemes. It then reviews several papers that propose algorithms using buffer status reports, grouping, and optimized resource unit allocation to improve throughput in dense environments. Overall resource allocation and scheduling remain challenging areas of research for fully utilizing 802.11ax capabilities and achieving high average throughput.
This document discusses General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), a mobile data service available on GSM networks. It introduces GPRS network architecture including new nodes like Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). The document describes how GPRS supports packet switched data transmission over GSM networks, allowing mobile users to access internet and corporate networks. It covers topics like GPRS protocols, quality of service, mobility management, and routing of data packets between mobile devices and external networks.
HSPA is a combination of protocols that extends 3G networks by improving downlink and uplink speeds. It aims to increase peak data rates up to 14.4 Mbps downlink and 5.8 Mbps uplink through technologies like shared channel transmission, shorter transmission time intervals, and link adaptation. HSPA+ is an advanced version that achieves data rates up to 42 Mbps downlink and 11 Mbps uplink using 64QAM modulation downlink, 16QAM uplink, MIMO, and continuous packet connectivity. The presentation provides information on HSPA technologies, peak data rates under different configurations, and applications for accessing and optimizing data.
1. Application Note
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
An Introduction, Challenges and Protocol Test Examples
Global deployment of 3G Networks and UMTS is finally underway and current estimates
show that packet-switched traffic will overtake circuit–switched traffic in the not so far
future. The growth of data used in communication will soon require networks which can
handle increasing data rates. HSDPA offers high speed data rates of up to 14 Mbps.
This Application Note describes the technology and Challenges of High Speed Downlink
Packet Access (HSDPA) – an Evolution of the 3G UMTS networks to higher data rates.
First describing the motivation and the different introduction phases of HSDPA, we will then
focus on some challenges and typical protocol test issues. This paper is as well including
an overview of the basic features and impacts to an existing UMTS network infrastructure.
2. High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Application Note
UMTS or W-CDMA Networks are developed within the The second phase of HSDPA is currently being specified in
third Generation Partnership Project Workgroup (3GPP) 3GPP release 6 and is aimed to achieve data rates of up to
and consist of several releases that can be seen as 28.8 Mbps.
the evolution of the standard. In Release 99 the 5 MHz It will introduce antenna array technologies such as beam
UMTS carrier was defined to provide capacity and user forming and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO).
performance advantages over predecessor technologies
Beam forming can be described as focussing the transmit-
such as GSM, GPRS and EDGE.
ted power of an antenna in a beam towards the user’s
direction. Knowing that the limiting resources are the
transmission power of the base station sector, one can
understand that beam forming is a mean of increasing
this power. MIMO uses multiple antennas at the sending
and receiving side.
The third phase of HSDPA which still is a long way down
the road will concentrate on the air interface. It will intro-
duce a new Air Interface with Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing and higher modulation schemes.
Phase three of HSDPA aims at data rates of up to 50 Mbps
Additions to the UMTS 3GPP
Figure 1. Mobile Networks Evolution
Specification
In order to support HSDPA, new physical channels, logical
R4 of UMTS provided nominal enhancements to the channels as well as changes to protocols have been added
transport, radio interface and features defined in R99 and to the UMTS Specification.
Release 5 extends the R99 and R4 specifications, offering
Channel changes and additions
an enhancement called High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA). This evolution of evolving UMTS delivers The two new physical channels introduced with HSDPA
more throughput and performance. HSDPA will provide are the High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
theoretical peak data rates of up to 14.4Mbps. (HS-PDSCH) as well as the High Speed Physical Control
Channel (HS-DPCCH).
Different evolution steps of The HS-PDSCH is the transport mechanism for the
HSDPA newly introduced logical channels. It carries the actual
data, uses adaptive modulation and is power controlled
The idea of HSDPA is to increase the possible downlink
by the Node-B.
data rate by increasing the spectral efficiency. The focus
on the downlink data rate is originated in High data rate In addition to the code multiplexing of traditional
demanding Services such as Internet Access and file W-CDMA channels, where user data is transmitted
downloads. via dedicated channels, HSDPA also introduces time
multiplexing. This means that several user share the
The First phase of HSDPA has been specified in 3GPP
same channel and at times where one user is not
release 5. Phase one introduces new basic functions and
using an available resource it is becoming available
is aimed to achieve peak data rates of 14.4 Mbps.
to others. The reasoning behind this approach is
Newly introduced are the High Speed Downlink Shared that user traffic is becoming more of a bursty nature,
Channels (HS-DSCH), the adaptive modulation QPSK and so that a large number of users can use the same
16QAM and the High Speed Medium Access protocol time-multiplexed channel and efficiently use the available
(MAC-hs) in the Node-B radio network resources.
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3. High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Application Note
The other newly introduced physical channel, the HS- The HS-SCCH is a downlink signalling channel providing
DPCCH is an uplink control channel. It carries signalling- information to the UE. The information provided is around
and channel quality information from the User Equipment timing and coding and amongst others contains the
(UE) to the Node-B. This information is used by the channel code set, the modulation scheme, the transport
Node-B to perform the adaptive modulation, and coding block size and the UE identity. This data enables the
of the above described HS-PDSCH. We will talk about user equipment to “listen” to the HS-DPCH in an opti-
the adaptive modulation at a later point in this paper. mized way, at the right time and with the correct codec’s
The transmitted signalling information also contains in order to decode the received data. It enables a
acknowledgements or non-acknowledgements for each connection without wasting precious radio resources.
received user data block.
Protocol changes and additions
Logical Channel additions are the High Speed Downlink
The main changes where introduced for the Medium
Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) as well as the High Speed
Access Channel protocol (MAC). The MAC decides on
Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH).
which channel the Protocol Data Units (PDU’s) will be
The HS-DSCH provides the logical transfer mechanism transmitted. The traditional MAC protocol resides in the
for the data that is transported on the physical channel Radio Network Controller, whereas for HSDPA or more
HS-PDSCH precisely for the High Speed Physical Downlink Channel
the High Speed MAC (MAC-hs) has been introduced.
The MAC-hs resides in the Base Station. It takes care
of the transport block scheduling, channel allocation
and the transport format selection. Further tasks of the
MAC-hs amongst others are are:
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
Fast packet scheduling mechanism
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) is one of the major
changes in HSDPA.
In UMTS release99 modulation techniques where applied to
provide a reliable connection under changing environmental
conditions. With decreasing signal to noise ratio more errors
are transmitted with the signal. The higher the coding rate
applied, the better the chances of an UE to decode the
original data. But on the other hand, the higher the coding
rate, the more bits are sent to transmit the information
which means that more bandwidth is used.
In HSDPA the UE is actively feeding back information about
the channel conditions which is used by the Node-B to
determine Modulation and coding scheme. For each
Transmit Time Interval (TTI) the UE feedback is taken into
account the best possible modulation and coding is chosen
and the highest possible transmission rate is obtained.
Figure 2. HS-DSCH data Frame Structure
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4. High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Application Note
The Fast scheduling mechanism handles the logical channel Network Element Changes
resources and determines which particular user should The mainly affected network Element in HSDPA are the
be served within a 2ms time interval. This mechanism also Node-B and the RNC.
takes into account the information sent by the individual
The Node-B in HSDPA, is taking over several functions
UE’s. The knowledge of the instantaneous quality of a
that where previously performed by the RNC. The MAC-hs
channel makes it possible to avoid sending data packets
protocol with all its new functions such as flow control
during channel fades and rather schedule a UE in better
towards the Iub, data buffering, the earlier described
conditions. This might cause that certain UE’s will obtain a
scheduling the HARQ termination, link adaptation and
lower throughput than others. The challenge for this packet
the power control are all functions that have not been
scheduling function is to optimize the cell capacity and at
performed by Node-B’s so far.
the same time fulfil QoS requirements defined in Network
Operators policies. Depending on the Node-B currently deployed, Network
Operators might face software or software and hardware
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) is an enhanced
upgrades in order to deploy HSDPA. The maximum
form of the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) and is used
achievable bit rate a Node-B can support depends on
for the packet retransmission.
the hardware.
In Rel.99, whenever a packet was not properly decoded
The main new functionality for the RNC is the new Radio
by the UE, it was discarded and resent (ARQ).
Resource Management. The addition of shared channels
to the dedicated ones will have a major impact on this
function. The capacity of a cell needs to be split between
dedicated channels and HSDPA channels. New to the
Streaming services is the requirment of an intelligent algo-
rithm with a dynamic behaviour when sharing dedicated
and shared channels.
Also new to the RNC is the HS-DSCH Framing Protocol for
the user plane which has been added to the protocol stack.
Challenges for network test
engineers
As stated before, the Node-B as well as the RNC are
Figure 3. Packet Retransmission with ARQ vs. HARQ becoming key elements in HSDPA. And Test engineers
will be faced to test this new functionality. Decoding of
Not so in HSDPA with HARQ. In HSDPA the erroneous the new protocols, analysis of the obtained data as well
packet is not discarded but stored by the UE. The packet as the correlation of data over several Interfaces will play
is resent and both, the previous one as well as the newly an essential role for the deployment of HSDPA Networks.
sent packets are used to extract the original information. The following chapter will describe specific test challenges
This approach has a much better error rate performance, that Equipment Manufacturer (EM) and Network Operators
causes packets to be resent less often and therefore (NO) are facing today.
enables to use the bandwidth more efficiently.
The retransmission is performed by the Node-B, so that
there is no retransmission via the Iub interface (figure 3).
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5. High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Application Note
data could also affect the traffic speed. If the traffic control
mechanism is not working properly, some user could
receive very high throughput rate (e.g. 4Mbps constantly)
whereas the rest would only receive low speed traffic.
Monitoring the actual IP throughput on the Iub interface
will help analyzing the actual traffic condition. Analyzing
multiple user’s traffic in one and the same cell will provide
information about the balance of throughput amongst
different user.
The IP packet retransmission ratio on the Iub interface is
one of the critical parameters for the reliability of a service.
This also means that monitoring and decoding of user-
Figure 4. HSDPA Setup Signaling
plane IP data helps to analyze the network performance on
the Iub user-plane.
Signalling Test:
QoS:
In HSDPA Networks, new messages like the HS-DSCH
Capacity Request and Allocation messages are used on Delay
the Node-B for data traffic control. The amount of traffic on The Node-B with its new functionality will perform data
the Iub Interface, and therefore the achieved throughput is buffering and scheduling at the Iub side. It will analyze the
depending on message-parameters like the Packed Data air interface conditions and choose the optimal modulation
Unit (PDU) size, the Interval, and the Repetition Period. The scheme at the air interface (Uu) side (i.e. 16QAM or QPSK).
Node-B buffering and the scheduling will also be affected
One of the critical functions for an HSDPA enabled Node-B
by several parameters like the conditions of the air interface
would be the packet scheduling functionality and HARQ.
the retransmission control mechanism and others.
The packet process mechanism on both, the Iub and Uu
Monitoring the behaviour and development of each param- interface of any Node-B is a critical factor for minimizing
eter helps to analyze the functionality of a signalling proce- the latency. Monitoring of the delay between the Iub and
dure and the traffic flow control functionality. (See Fig-4). Uu will help analyzing the HSDPA scheduling and the
The Tektronix K15 Monitor and K1297-G20 functional tester packet retransmission functionality. The delay measurement
are equipped with decoding functionalities to monitor and is critical for HSDPA service performance.
test above parameters
Throughput
User Data Test: Data throughput on both Iub and Uu could give us some
key performance information of the Node-B. Analyzing
HSDPA will provide a theoretical throughput of 14.4Mbps
the data generation timing from Node-B and the related
per cell and is aimed to achieve over 1Mbps of actual
timing information in NBAP, RRC message could be useful
packet service speed. However, the actual traffic speed
for the performance analysis. Figure 5 illustrates a possible
is depending on several factors like the number of users,
test setup to analyze the air interface (Uu) using a spectrum
the Node-B buffer condition, the air interface condition,
analyzer triggered by an event on the lub interfaces.
and the Node-B data transmission timing. Different types
of data user accesses, i.e. short packet data or long packet
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6. High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Application Note
Figure 5. Uu, lub Test Example
Future test challenge: The ability of mobile test equipment to measure above
parameters is becoming more and more important. It
Once HSDPA will be deployed and become more mature,
enables Equipment Manufacturer and Network Operators
the Node-B resource allocation will become a critical
to deploy their networks more rapidly and maintain
factor for network optimization. HSDPA Networks will
their quality of service requirements. Mobile test equipment
require offering larger resources and quality values than
like the Tektronix K15 or K1297-G20 are equipped to
other mobile networks.
meet these challenges and offer a large variety of protocol
Key Performance Indicators (KPI) will help analyzing network
decoding capabilities as well as applications that will
conditions and help optimizing the network deployment.
ensure to manage above mentioned challenges.
Following parameters are just some useful KPI’s that are
relevant in HSDPA and other mobile networks.
Number of Voice calls
Number of Video calls
Number of Packet calls
Spreading factor values
Number of non-success calls
- Released calls
- Rejected calls
- Failures
Power control information
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7. High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Application Note
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