The document presents the cultural encounter model of communication, emphasizing that communication involves the interaction of different cultural realities. It suggests that mutual understanding is not assumed and highlights the need for creating shared realities through conscious effort. Additionally, it discusses the dialog-model of communication, which integrates methodical and intuitive elements to enhance communicative competence and organizational culture.

1. 1Institute for systemic consulting, Wiesloch (Germany)
www.isb-w.de
Communication models
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2. 2Institute for systemic consulting, Wiesloch (Germany)
www.isb-w.de
The cultural encounter model
of communication
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3. 3
Model of
„mechanical“ communication
Sender A Receiver B
Channel
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4. 4
Model of communication
as
cultural encounter
Commu-
nication/
encounter
Reality of
person or
system A
Reality of
person or
system B
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5. 5
Implications of the cultural
encounter model
1. describes communication as encounter of cultures
(personal, professional, regional, etc.)
2. does not assume, that mutual understanding is normal
3. each communicator involved is predominantly
orientated to his/her own reality
4. necessary to study the realities of the sender and of
the recipient
5. assumes, that creating shared reality is a necessary
extra effort
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6. 6
Encounter levels of communication
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7. 7
Roots and transformations
1. based on Schiff et al.1975 (discount levels)
2. problems usually appear on level 4 but are
due to mismatching on level 1-3
3. changes in Schiffs terminology in order to
describe relationships between equals
4. shows different levels of shared frame of
references, which build up into shared
realities
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8. 8
Transformations of Cathexis-
concepts by Bernd Schmid
• Discount  + account + recount
• Redefine  + define + codefine
• Discount levels 
levels of matching realities
• Symbiosis  enlargements of horizons
(e.g. organizations) 
responsibility–dialogs + -culture
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9. 9
Based on Schiff et. al.
Cathexis reader
• frame of reference: a meta program
which integrates all ego-states and
their interaction
• the ego-states activate frames of
reference and frames of references
activate ego-states and interactions
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10. 10
Transformed
• Frame of reference/culture:
Metaprogram which organizes roles and
plays.
• Professional roles activate frame of
references and frame of references
activate roles and the interplay of
roles.
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11. 11
Encounter of realities
• essential communicative competence:
clarifiing and creating frames of
references
• regulating consciously attention on
clients and also on professional steps to
encounter of realities
• internal and external creating of reality
and establishing a shared reality
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12. 12Institute for systemic consulting, Wiesloch (Germany)
www.isb-w.de
The dialog-model of
communication
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13. 13
Dialog-model of communication
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14. 14
The dialog-model of communication
1. refers to the intuition concepts of Berne, Jung and
Erickson,
2. shows, how methodical and intuitive levels of
communication together contribute to co-creative
realities,
3. professional competence and organizational culture
depend on focussed dialogs between these spheres.
4. Analytical and methodological processes on the
surface in dialog with
intuitive, creative, meaningful background forces
set the stage for personal and professional self-
guidance and for performance and vitality in
complex organizations.
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15. 15
„narrative“ dimensions of who
or what meets in the dialog?
Behavior
Attitudes
Personal myths
Myths +traditions
from other
backgrounds
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16. 16
Foreground > Background are
observers categories
1. What is considered as foreground / in which
context?
2. clinical TA: psychological and developmental
background (motivation, reenacting, biography)
3. organizational work: needs more dimensions of
reality like organizational
roles, structures, market dynamics, technical
and economical criteria in shaping processes (
content and context )
4. others: meeting of society forces of all kind
(e.g. milieu)
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17. 17
The challenge
1. not habitually bringing background to the
foreground
2. create and take care of useful foreground
communication
3. in accordance and/or dialog with helpful
backgrounds
4. sensible for background forces at work
5. leave room for what is creating itself
intuitively
6. meta-communication if necessary
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