In this Presentation you get to know about the communication types and their working. This ppt Comes In Fundamentals management and Business Organization.
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Communication
1. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Name : Vivek Kumar Rajawat
Session: 2022-23
Roll No.: MCA/25020/21
Topic: Communication
2. COMMUNICATION
Communication - the evoking of a shared or common meaning in
another person
Interpersonal Communication - communication between two or
more people in an organization
Communicator - the person originating the message
Receiver - the person receiving a message
Perceptual Screen - a window through which we interact with
people that influences the quality, accuracy, and clarity of the
communication
3. COMMUNICATION
Message - the thoughts and feelings that
the communicator is attempting to elicit
in the receiver
Feedback Loop - the pathway that
completes two-way communication
Language - the words, their pronunciation,
and the methods of combining them used
& understood by a group of people
4. COMMUNICATION
Data - uninterpreted and unanalyzed
facts
Information - data that have been
interpreted, analyzed, & and have
meaning to some user
Richness - the ability of a medium or
channel to elicit or evoke meaning in the
receiver
6. REFLECTIVE LISTENING
Reflective Listening - the skill of listening carefully to another person
and repeating back to the speaker the heard message to correct any
inaccuracies or misunderstandings
This complex
process needs to
be divided to be
understood
What I heard you
say was we will
understand the
process better if we
break it into steps
7. REFLECTIVE LISTENING
• Emphasizes receiver’s role
• Helps the receiver & communicator clearly & fully understand
the message sent
• Useful in problem solving
8. REFLECTIVE LISTENING
Reflective listening emphasizes
• the personal elements of the communication process
• the feelings communicated in the message
• responding to the communicator, not leading the
communicator
• the role or receiver or audience
• understanding people by reducing perceptual
distortions and interpersonal barriers
9. REFLECTIVE LISTENING:
4 LEVELS OF VERBAL RESPONSE
Affirm contact
Paraphrase the expressed
Clarify the implicit
Reflect “core” feelings
10. ONE-WAY VS. TWO-WAY
COMMUNICATIONS
One-Way
Communication - a
person sends a message
to another person and no
questions, feedback, or
interaction follow
Good for giving
simple directions
Fast but often less
accurate than 2-way
communication
Two-Way
Communication - the
communicator & receiver
interact
Good for problem
solving
11. FIVE KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SUPERVISORY
COMMUNICATION
• Expressive speaking
• Empathetic listening
• Persuasive leadership
• Sensitivity to feelings
• Informative management
12. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
• Physical separation
• Status differences
• Gender differences
• Cultural diversity
• Language
Communication
Barriers -
factors that block
or significantly
distort successful
communication
13. DEFENSIVE COMMUNICATION
Defensive Communication - communication that can be
aggressive, attacking & angry, or passive & withdrawing
Leads to
• injured feelings
• communication breakdowns
• alienation
• retaliatory behaviors
• nonproductive efforts
• problem solving failures
15. TWO DEFENSIVENESS PATTERNS
Dominant Defensiveness - characterized
by active, aggressive, attacking behavior
Subordinate Defensiveness -
characterized by passive, submissive,
withdrawing behavior
16. DEFENSIVE TACTICS
Defensive Tactic Speaker Example
Power Play Boss “Finish this report by month’s
end or lose your promotion.”
Put-Down Boss “A capable manager would
already be done with this report.”
Labeling Boss “You must be a slow learner.
Your report is still not done?”
Raising Doubts Boss “How can I trust you, Chris, if
you can’t finish an easy report?”
17. DEFENSIVE TACTICS
Defensive Tactic Speaker Example
Misleading
Information
Employee “Morgan has not gone over with
me the information I need for
the report.” [Morgan left Chris
with a copy of the report.]
Scapegoating Employee “Morgan did not give me input
until just today.”
Hostile Jokes Employee “You can’t be serious! The
report isn’t that important.”
Deception Employee “I gave it to the secretary. Did
she lose it?”
18. NONDEFENSIVE COMMUNICATION:
A POWERFUL TOOL
• Speaker seen as centered, assertive, controlled, informative,
realistic, and honest
• Speaker exhibits self-control & self possession
• Listener feels accepted rather than rejected
• Catherine Crier’s rules to nondefensive communication
1. Define the situation
2. Clarify the person’s position
3. Acknowledge the person’s feelings
4. Bring the focus back to the facts
19. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal Communication - all elements of
communication that do not involve words
Four basic types
• Proxemics - an individual’s perception & use of space
• Kinesics - study of body movements, including
posture
• Facial & Eye Behavior - movements that add cues
for the receiver
• Paralanguage - variations in speech, such as pitch,
loudness, tempo, tone, duration, laughing, & crying
20. c
c = social 4-12’
b
b = personal 1.5-4’
PROXEMICS: TERRITORIAL
SPACE
Territorial Space - bands of space extending
outward from the body; territorial space differs
from culture to culture
a
a = intimate <1.5’
d
d = public >12’
21. PROXEMICS: SEATING DYNAMICS
Seating Dynamics - seating people in certain
positions according to the person’s purpose in
communication
Cooperation
X O
Non-
Communication
O X O
Competition
X
O
X
Communication
O
23. NEW TECHNOLOGIES
FOR COMMUNICATION
• Informational databases
• Electronic mail systems
• Voice mail systems
• Fax machine systems
• Cellular phone systems
24. HOW DO NEW TECHNOLOGIES
AFFECT BEHAVIOR?
• Fast, immediate access to information
• Immediate access to people in power
• Instant information exchange across distance
• Makes schedules & office hours irrelevant
• May equalize group power
• May equalize group participation
25. HOW DO NEW TECHNOLOGIES
AFFECT BEHAVIOR?
• Communication can become more impersonal—
interaction with a machine
• Interpersonal skills may diminish—less tact, less
graciousness
• Non-verbal cues lacking
• Alters social context
• Easy to become overwhelmed with information
• Encourages polyphasic activity
26. Strive for
message
completeness
TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF NEW
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Build in
feedback
opportunities
Provide
social
interaction
opportunities
Don’t
assume
immediate
response
Is the
message
really
necessary?
Regularly
disconnect
from the
technology
Provide
social
interaction
opportunities