2. anselm s_ontological_argument (1)
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Anselm's ontological argument claims that God must exist because God is defined as the greatest being that can be conceived. His first argument is that existence in reality is greater than just existing in the mind, so if God is the greatest being, God must exist in reality. His second argument is that a necessary being (one that cannot not exist) is greater than a contingent being, so God as the greatest being must be necessary and therefore must exist. Gaunilo criticized this argument using the example of a perfect island, saying you cannot define something into existence just because it is a perfect conception.
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The document discusses the ontological argument for God's existence. It explains Anselm's version of the argument, which claims that God must exist because God is defined as the greatest being conceivable, and a being that exists in reality is greater than one that exists only in the mind. It also discusses criticisms of the argument from philosophers like Gaunilo and Kant, who argue that just because something can be conceived does not mean it exists in reality, and existence is not an attribute that can be derived from a concept alone. Students are tasked with further analyzing and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the ontological argument.
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BerkeleyPrinciplesSelections. Ppt outsidethe mind will teach us
George Berkeley was born in 1685 in Ireland and died in 1753 (in Oxford, England, while visiting his son). • He is, a great Irish philosopher and a member of the Church of Ireland• Toward the end of his life he was appointed Bishop of Cloyne (which is now in the Republic of Ireland).
EVOLUTION OF HINDUISM FROM POLYTHEISM TO MONOTHEISM TO MONISM
EVOLUTION OF HINDUISM FROM POLYTHEISM TO MONOTHEISM TO MONISMALINA MATSENKO AND AJAY MISHRA ALINA AND AJAY
This document discusses various metaphysical topics including the nature of reality, mind-body dualism, and idealism. It presents concepts along continuums to analyze where different entities fall, such as whether something can be real but not exist. It examines dualist and monist views on the relationship between the physical body and non-physical mind. Dualism argues they are separate while monism sees them as one reality. Challenges to dualism include cases where physical brain damage affects personality. The document also summarizes different materialist theories for the mind, such as reductive materialism, eliminative materialism, and biological naturalism, noting problems with reducing mental states. Finally, it outlines George Berkeley'sTeleological
The document discusses arguments for the existence of God based on design in the natural world. It outlines William Paley's teleological argument that organized complexity and adaptation of organisms to their environment indicate intelligent design by a creator. However, the document notes that evolutionary theory provides an alternative explanation for complexity and adaptation through natural selection over long periods of time. While evolution does not disprove God, it shifts the burden of proof to advocates of intelligent design to explain anomalies not addressed by evolution.
Philosophy of religion synthesis
Philosophy of Religion with summary of major arguments for the existence of God plus a personal reflection
Atheism
Hume rejected belief in God for two key reasons:
1) The problem of evil - If God is all-powerful and benevolent, he would not allow evil to exist.
2) Lack of empirical evidence - Arguments for God's existence are neither empirically verifiable nor logically conclusive. Philosophical arguments fail to prove God's existence with certainty.
Therefore, according to Hume's philosophical arguments, belief in God's existence cannot be rationally justified and is non-cognitive.
St. Ann Philosophy, Matter and Form, Proofs of God's Existence, Nov. 16, 2018...
Aquinas provides five arguments for the existence of God:
1) The argument from motion - All change requires an unchanging first mover as initiator, which is God.
2) The argument from causation - An infinite chain of causes is impossible, so there must be a first cause, which is God.
3) The argument from contingency - All contingent beings rely on a necessary being for their existence, which is God.
4) The argument from degrees of perfection - Standards are needed for qualities like goodness, which is God.
5) The argument from design - Purpose and direction in nature imply an intelligent designer, which is God.
Existence of God and Problem of Evil
The document discusses several philosophical arguments for and against the existence of God. It outlines the moral, ontological, cosmological, teleological, causal, and pragmatic arguments for God's existence. It also discusses empirical, subjective, and problem of evil arguments against God's existence. The problem of evil argues that the co-existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent God with evil in the world is unlikely or impossible.
Similar to 2. anselm s_ontological_argument (1) (13)
BerkeleyPrinciplesSelections. Ppt outsidethe mind will teach us
BerkeleyPrinciplesSelections. Ppt outsidethe mind will teach us
EVOLUTION OF HINDUISM FROM POLYTHEISM TO MONOTHEISM TO MONISM
EVOLUTION OF HINDUISM FROM POLYTHEISM TO MONOTHEISM TO MONISM
St. Ann Philosophy, Matter and Form, Proofs of God's Existence, Nov. 16, 2018...
St. Ann Philosophy, Matter and Form, Proofs of God's Existence, Nov. 16, 2018...
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Masthead anaylsis
The document analyzes and compares different magazine mastheads from various genres including Rolling Stone, NME, Kerrang!, and Country Weekly. For each masthead, the document examines elements like font, colors, layout, and how these visual components convey information about the magazine's target audience and genre. Key similarities noted across mastheads include the use of bold colors like red to represent passion for music and appeal to dedicated music fans. Differences in font styles and designs help distinguish magazines' genres and attract different age groups. Overall, the mastheads are analyzed for how their visual style works to represent their specific music genre and target particular reader demographics.
First annotations
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Annotations 4
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Black and white edit
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Presentation1 marta cage
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Annotations
The document discusses the conceptualization and technical aspects of a photographic image. It was intended to make the audience feel compassion for the subject by having her look defeated with her head down at bruises on her shoulders, calling to mind the mistreatment of animals. The medium close-up shot and three-quarter angle were used to facilitate audience empathy and understanding of the message about the fur trade. While the composition and presentation were well-considered, the photographer notes potential improvements could have been making by reducing distraction from cage bars and the subject's top.
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Presentation2[1] (1)
The document analyzes key conventions of music magazine covers and double page spreads. Some conventions discussed include:
1) Music magazine covers typically feature a prominent artist and adapt colors/fonts to the artist's style while keeping the magazine title consistent.
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2. anselm s_ontological_argument (1)
- 1. Anselm’s Ontological Argument L/O – I will be able to explain Anselm’s two ontological arguments, and start to assess Gaunilo’s response. ‘Fools say in their hearts, “There is no God”’ Psalm 14:1 Copy this statement down. What do you think it is trying to suggest and why?
- 2. A predicate is… ‘an intrinsic property or quality of something’ Predicates of an elephant might be… A trunk, size, long ears, being a mammal, tusks, long memory, etc…
- 3. Predicates of…? The Earth A Car A Human
- 4. Anselm’s essential claim is… Existence is a predicate of God (it is a property or quality of God’s nature).
- 5. Anselm’s First Argument 1) 2) 3) God is the greatest possible being which can be conceived (thought) of. God may exist either in the mind alone, or in reality as well. Something which exists in reality and in the mind is greater than something which exists just as an idea in the mind alone. Conclusion: 4) God must exist in reality and in the mind (or we have not thought of the greatest possible being).
- 6. Features of the first argument (for an essay plan). 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ‘a being which nothing greater can be conceived’: Anselm expects everyone will accept this definition. Painter and painting analogy (mind and reality). Reductio ad absurdum – if he does exist in the mind alone then he is not greatest possible being. God’s existence is analytic (once we analyse the definition of the term we will see that God exists). Anyone who doesn’t accept it is a ‘fool’, as it is plain and obvious.
- 7. Anselm’s second argument 1) 2) God is that being nothing greater than which can be thought of. Something which cannot be thought not to exist is greater than anything which can be thought not to exist. Conclusion: 3) Therefore, it is impossible to think that this being (God) cannot exist.
- 8. Argument 2: In simpler language… You can’t think of anything greater than God. 2) Necessary things are greater than contingent things. Conclusion 1) 3) God is necessary
- 9. Features of Anselm’s second argument 1) This adds the idea that it is impossible for God not to exist – in other words, God is necessary. 2) It has been argued that his second argument was aimed at believers as a proof that existence in God is rational – to justify a belief in God.
- 10. Gaunilo’s response Gaunilo was a contemporary of Anselm, he was a monk who rejected Anselm’s argument in ‘On Behalf of the fool’ using three arguments…. 1) On Gossip – the fool could have all kinds of made up things in his head, gossip for instance is unreliable – how should he be able to discern what is true and what is not? You can’t define things into existence The Perfect Island 2) 3)
- 12. Think of some other examples you could include to demonstrate the point about the Perfect Island in an essay…
- 13. Plantinga – Islands are different to God – there could always be a more perfect Island - more dancing girls, more lush palm trees, twice the size, etc. – idea of a greatest possible island is incoherent. God on the other hand is maximally great – nothing greater is possible.
- 14. Homework Use the info in this Powerpoint and the last (they’re on moodle) to write an essay plan for ‘Explain Anselm’s ontological arguments…’ (25 marks). Pick three main points and write out three paragraphs. For next lesson