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1. The U.S. Supreme Court has, through the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, incorporated many of the protections and prohibitions contained in the Bill of Rights. By doing so, the Supreme Court has required that state and local governments obey those portions of the Bill of Rights that have been incorporated. Consider the following: Which of the protections available to criminal offenders through the Bill of Rights do not currently apply to the states? What is the difference between procedural and substantive protections for criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights? Which of the protections available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights are procedural, and which are substantive? Please provide APA citation and references where applicable. 2. The adversarial system of justice used throughout the United States is designed to pit the accuser against the accused through the experience, training, and talents of the attorneys. Although every criminal defendant who may face a jail sentence is entitled to the effective assistance of counsel and to a trial by jury, there are inherent inequalities in the ability of the poor and the rich to defend against the power and resources of a government prosecutor’s office. Identify advantages and disadvantages inherent within an adversarial system of justice that allow the powerful to be pitted against the weak, the experienced against the inexperienced, and the rich against the poor. .
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Pretrial
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access.org
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According to the amendment, “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury . and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.”Speedy trial is mostly reached through an impartial jury. This implies that the defendant must appear for a trial for his/her alleged offenses within a reasonably shorter period of time after his/her arrest. Similarly, before the defendant is convicted of many crimes, he/she has a constitutional right being tried by a jury where he must be found guilty before the actual trial. Although most states in the United states have laws which are set where trial must be conducted after the charges are filed, the issue of knowing whether the trial is speedy under Sixth Amendment or not comes down according to the circumstances.
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The U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to trial by unbiased and impartial judge.In the legal system of the United States, judicial impartiality is a basic concept component for justice.
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Essay Questions Exam #1 Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm Emmanuel .docx
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Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm
Emmanuel
1. What are the differences between domestic law and international law? What are the sources for international law?
Domestic law is enforced by legit government. Codified by a legitimate government. Domestic law is dominated by dominated by culture. No true international law
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3. What is “ethics”? What is “morality”? What are the differences between ethics, morality and the law? Briefly discuss legal obligations, professional obligations and organizational obligations.
As mentioned in chapter 5, at the most basic level, ethics constitutes right or wrong behavior. It is a branch of philosophy focusing on morality and the way moral principles are derived and implemented. Ethics has to do with the fairness, justness, rightness, or wrongness of an action. Morals are influenced by culture or society, however they are principal’s set individually by person to person. Business ethics and business law are closely intertwined because ultimately the law rests on social beliefs about right and wrong behavior in the business world.
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Assignment Guidelines
1. Revise and amend your Week 4 Key Assignment by adding/changing what your instructor commented on.
2. Address the following, and add your responses to your Key Assignment final draft:
3. Conduct an Internet search for a current foreign policy that deals with the same issue you discussed in your Week 4 Individual Project.
4. What is the name of the country?
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b. What are the specific components of the policy? Explain in detail.
c. How might you evaluate the policy’s overall effectiveness? Explain.
*Must be in APA format with references.
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Essay Questions Exam #1 Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm Emmanuel .docx
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Ideas from many people and several existing documents, including the Articles of Confederation and Declaration of Independence had major influences on the publication for the constitution.
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American Government P5IP instructions
The instructor has returned your Week 4 Individual Project Key Assignment with comments and suggestions on how to improve your overall draft.
[Instructors’ Comments: Overview of selected Constitutional Amendment (38/38). Demonstrates a clear understanding of the need being addressed. The types of crimes to be addressed by the proposed policy (10/15): Minimal effort; does not demonstrate comprehension; missing relevant information. Specific constitutional rights to be upheld (12/22): Minimal effort; does not demonstrate comprehension; missing relevant information. The rationale for the proposed policy (12/23): Minimal effort; does not demonstrate comprehension; missing relevant information. How should the proposed policy be evaluated (11/30). Minimal effort; does not demonstrate comprehension; missing relevant information. Mechanics (15/15). Document organization (7/7). Demonstrates a clear understanding of the document organization. You did a very good job in discussing your chosen amendments and the purpose of each amendment. In addition, you accurately discussed who each amendment affects and why each amendment is important, and how each amendment. You did not complete the second part of the assignment, in which you were to discuss what type of policy you believe would need to be implemented for police investigators when interrogating a suspect. However, you did not provide any discussion regarding this matter. You were to determine what your ideal policy would be. For example, if you believed that the current Miranda policy was sufficient to address issues with police interrogations you would then discuss the type of crimes the policy should pertain (i.e., felony, misdemeanors, or both), the specific constitutional rights that must be upheld under the policy, the rationale for the policy, and discuss how the policy should be evaluated for potential weaknesses or gaps. You are on the right track, just make sure you are responding to every question in a task and if you have any questions seek clarification.]
Assignment Guidelines
1. Revise and amend your Week 4 Key Assignment by adding/changing what your instructor commented on.
2. Address the following, and add your responses to your Key Assignment final draft:
3. Conduct an Internet search for a current foreign policy that deals with the same issue you discussed in your Week 4 Individual Project.
4. What is the name of the country?
a. What is the name of the policy in the other country?
b. What are the specific components of the policy? Explain in detail.
c. How might you evaluate the policy’s overall effectiveness? Explain.
*Must be in APA format with references.
Running head: P4IP
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P4IP
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Colorado Technical University
Instructor: Professors Jeter
Connie Hutson
17 December 2012
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The document summarizes the key provisions of the Bill of Rights, which consists of the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution. It protects civil liberties and individual rights, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, the right to bear arms, protection from unlawful searches and seizures, due process, self-incrimination, speedy trials, and cruel and unusual punishment. The 9th and 10th Amendments reserve unenumerated rights to the people and powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.
Chapter 3 procedural_rights_week_3
This document discusses procedural fairness in the context of administrative law. It covers several key topics:
1) Sources of procedural fairness obligations, including the Charter, Canadian Bill of Rights, common law, and statutes.
2) Key Supreme Court of Canada cases that have shaped the modern understanding of procedural fairness, including Nicholson, Baker, and Knight.
3) Factors considered in determining whether and to what extent procedural fairness applies in a given case, such as the nature of the decision, statutory context, and importance to individuals affected.
4) Examples of specific procedural protections, such as the right to a hearing, right to provide oral submissions, and right to respond to allegations.
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This document compares victims' rights in US criminal proceedings and at the International Criminal Court (ICC). In the US, the victims' rights movement has advanced victims' participation, including allowing impact statements at sentencing. However, victims generally have a limited and passive role compared to the ICC. At the ICC, victims can be recognized as participants, obtain legal representation, question defendants, and seek reparations. While both systems allow compensation, the ICC also has a Trust Fund for Victims to provide assistance. Overall, the ICC affords victims greater formal participation in criminal proceedings than the US system.
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Running head: SENSORY INTEGRATION THERAPY
SENSORY INTEGRATION THERAPY
Sensory Integration Therapy
Name
School
Sensory Integration Therapy
Fully describe sensory integration treatment using information from at least one scholarly sources.
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Identify one pro and one con statement regarding sensory integration treatment, and provide significant context around these statements, and cite information from at least one scholarly sources.
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1 - 1.01 Reliance on Scientific Knowledge - Behavior analysts rely on professionally derived knowledge based on science and behavior analysis when making scientific or professional judgments in human service provision, or when engaging in scholarly or professional endeavors.
2 - 1.02 Boundaries of Competence (b-New Areas) - Behavior analysts provide services, teach, or conduct research in new areas (e.g., populations, techniques, behaviors) only a er rst undertaking appropriate study, training, supervision, and/or consultation from persons who are competent in those areas.
3 - 1.03 Maintaining Competence through Professional Development - Behavior analysts maintain knowledge of current scientific and professional information in their areas of practice and undertake ongoing efforts to maintain competence in the skills they use by reading the appropriate literature, attending conferences and conventions, participating in workshops, obtaining additional coursework, and/or obtaining and maintaining appropriate professional credentials.
Conclusion
Explain how to communicate the importance of using evidence-based strategies to colleagues and family members using language appropriate for the audience.
References
1 – Scholarly source
2 – Scholarly source
3 – Scholarly source
Topic 11: International Law and Ethics
11.1Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
1. Summarize the fundamental principles which govern international law.
2. Describe different arrangements of international laws which affect international trade and relationships.
3. Illustrate the basic organization of the United Nations and explain the UN’s purpose.
4. Describe the political organization of the European Union.
5. Compare the purposes and organization of the three main world banking institutions.
6. Identify different methods or tools by which international disputes are typically resolved.
7. Describe the regulations imposed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
8. Compare different standpoints on businesses’ obligation to fulfill social responsibility requirements.
9. Summarize the basic tenets of the foundational ethical philosophies that are commonly applied to business practices.
10. List and describe the five areas which govern the consensus view of good corporate citizenship.11.2General ...
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This document appears to be a student project report submitted to Indore Institute of Law. It includes sections typical of a research project such as an acknowledgements section thanking those who provided guidance, a declaration affirming the work as the student's own, and an introduction outlining the topic of a fair trial as protected by the Indian Constitution and international agreements. The body of the document discusses concepts such as the presumption of innocence, rights to counsel, speedy trial, and others that comprise the right to a fair trial under Indian law and international human rights law.
Sharia law-vs-english-law
The document provides a comparison table of Shari'ah law and English law across 15 legal issues. Some key differences summarized are:
- Shari'ah law is derived from the Quran and hadiths as revealed by Allah, while English law is passed by Parliament.
- Shari'ah law covers all aspects of life from religion to politics and does not distinguish between sacred and secular matters. English law governs legal and civil matters but leaves other areas like religion and personal choices to individuals.
- Punishments under Shari'ah law include public lashings, stoning, amputations and death for crimes like adultery, theft and apostasy. English law prohibits corporal punishment and
Sharia law-vs-english-law
This document provides a comparison table of Shari'ah law and English law across 16 legal issues. Key differences include: Shari'ah law is derived from the Quran and hadiths as revealed by Allah, while English law is passed by Parliament; Shari'ah law covers all aspects of life and does not separate religion and state, while English law governs specific legal matters; and Shari'ah law prescribes punishments like stoning, amputation and death for crimes such as adultery, theft and apostasy, while English law prohibits corporal punishment and respects human rights.
LEARNING OBJECTIVESWhen you complete this chapter, you shoul.docx
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you complete this chapter, you should be able to:
� Describe the prosecutor’s role, prosecutor’s discretion, and the issues surrounding prosecutorial
misconduct.
� Explain the concept of joinder and reasons for it.
� Explain the purpose, functions, and powers of a grand jury.
� Outline the development of the right to counsel.
� Be familiar with the courtroom workgroup and its functions.
IS
B
N
1-256-63921-4
Criminal Procedure: From First Contact to Appeal, Fourth Edition, by John L. Worrall. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
337
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Prosecutors, Grand
Juries, and Defense
Attorneys
C
H
A
P
T
E
R
OUTLINE
Introduction: Bringing Charges and Mounting
a Defense
The Prosecutor
The Charging Decision
Deciding Not to Prosecute
Challenging the Decision Not to Prosecute
Restrictions on Bringing Charges
Unfair and Selective Prosecution
Vindictive Prosecution
Dealing with Overzealous Prosecutors
Recourse
Joinder
Multiple Charges against the Same Individual
Charges against Multiple Defendants
The Grand Jury
How a Grand Jury Is Constructed
Duration
Size
Voting Requirements
Selection of Members
Secrecy of Grand Jury Proceedings
Disclosure of Witness Testimony to the Defense
Disclosure of Witness Testimony to Other Parties
Rights of Witnesses Testifying before Grand
Juries
Right to Testify
Being Advised of the Right Not to Testify
Right to Counsel
Investigative Powers of the Grand Jury
Subpoenas
Grants of Immunity
Findings of Contempt
Challenging a Grand Jury Indictment
The Defense Attorney
The Right to Counsel in a Criminal
Prosecution
Due Process Origins
The Contemporary Sixth Amendment
Approach
The Right to Counsel at Other Stages
of the Criminal Process
The Sixth Amendment Approach
The Fifth Amendment Approach
The Due Process Approach
Waiver of the Right to Counsel
Indigent versus Nonindigent Defendants’ Right
to Counsel of Their Choice
Effective Assistance of Counsel
When the Right Applies
The Meaning of Effective Assistance
The Courtroom Work Group
Summary
Key Terms
Key Cases
Review Questions
Web Links and Exercises
11
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N
1-
25
6-
63
92
1-
4
Criminal Procedure: From First Contact to Appeal, Fourth Edition, by John L. Worrall. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
338 Part 4 • The Beginnings of Formal Proceedings
INTRODUCTION
Bringing Charges and Mounting a Defense
This chapter turns attention to the roles of the prosecutor, grand jury, and defense
attorney. In a way, this chapter does not flow directly from the preceding chapter;
for example, the right to counsel attaches to varying degrees well before the pretrial
process is set into motion. Similarly, when the services of the grand jury are required,
it can perform an investigative function well before the arrest stage of the criminal
process. Prosecutors, too, perform a great deal of work before the pretrial process.
Nevertheless, the functions of all t ...
Chapter 1 – Business and Its Legal Environment1. Schools of Ju.docx
Chapter 1 – Business and Its Legal Environment
1. Schools of Jurisprudential Thought
A. The judge function is not to make the laws but to interpret and apply them. The court plays a significant role in defining what the law is. Judges have some flexibility in interpreting and applying the law, in which each judge’s unique personality, legal philosophy, set of values, and intellectual attributes necessarily frame the judicial decision-making process to some extent.B. The Natural Law School is the oldest and one of the most significant schools of legal though. It is a system of moral and ethical principles that are inherent in human nature and that people can discover through the use of their natural intelligence, or reason. According to Aristotle, natural law applies universally to all humankind.
C. The Positivist School is a school of thought that can be no higher law than a nation’s positive law or national law, the written law of a given society at a particular point in time. In contrast to natural law, positive law does not believe in “natural rights”, but rather human rights exist solely because of laws.
D. The Historical School emphasizes the evolutionary process of law and that looks to the past to discover what the principles of contemporary law should beE. Legal Realism is popular in the 1920s and 1930s that challenged many existing jurisprudential assumptions, particularly the assumption that subjective elements play no part in judicial reasoning. Legal realists generally advocated a less abstract and more realistic approach to the law, and the circumstances in which transactions take place.
2. Business Activities and the Legal Environment A. Laws and government regulations affect virtually all business activities and basic knowledge of the laws and regulations governing these activities is beneficial – if not essential. Therefore, a study of business law necessarily involves an ethical dimension.
B. There are many areas of the law that may affect a single business decision making. Compartmentalizing a law promotes conceptual clarity, but it does not indicate the extent to which a number of different laws may apply to just one transaction. If any dispute cannot be resolved amicably, then the laws and the rules concerning courts and court procedures can spell out the steps of the lawsuit.
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B. Constitutional Law is a law that is expressed in the U.S. Constitution a ...
SWK 597 Week 2. administrative protections (2)
This document provides an overview of administrative protections and objectives for week 2. It begins by differentiating between civil rights and civil liberties, and defining administrative law. It then discusses statutory protections like Title VII, Title IX, HIPAA, the Privacy Act, the Freedom of Information Act, and the Whistleblower Protection Act. The document goes on to explain administrative law, administrative hearings, and how cases can cross over into civil matters. It also discusses the due process clause of the 5th and 14th amendments and requirements for impartiality in administrative hearings.
A2 jfinal courts_ltr_081610
The U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division sent a letter to state court administrators to provide clarity on the requirement for courts receiving federal funding to provide meaningful access to individuals with limited English proficiency. The letter outlines that denying language access undermines fair administration of justice and may violate Title VI and other civil rights laws. It expresses concern over state court policies that limit interpreter services, charge costs to parties, restrict services to courtrooms, and fail to ensure communication with court-appointed personnel is effective for LEP individuals. While recognizing budget constraints, the letter states that language services are an essential operating expense and compliance will consider all facts and circumstances of each court system.
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This document is a class action complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of retired Cook County Sheriff officers who were denied concealed carry licenses under the Illinois Retired Officer Concealed Carry Program. The complaint alleges that the defendants negligently or intentionally failed to acknowledge that the plaintiffs met the requirements to obtain concealed carry licenses, in violation of the plaintiffs' Second, Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. The complaint seeks declaratory and injunctive relief as well as damages on behalf of approximately 186 retired officers who were denied licenses due to the alleged improper conduct of the defendants.
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This document provides guidance on bringing private employment discrimination actions against American Indian tribes. It discusses how tribal sovereign immunity poses a significant jurisdictional hurdle. Several federal statutes like Title VII and parts of the ADA do not permit such actions because they expressly exclude Indian tribes. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act is silent on tribes. The document examines potential jurisdiction under ADA Title III and suggests also reviewing tribal laws, which sometimes provide limited waivers of immunity for tribal court actions. It provides an example of the Grand Ronde Tribe's employment ordinance and advises attorneys to carefully review tribal law and employment agreements for potential jurisdiction hooks.
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Chapter 3 Due Process, Equal Protection, and Civil Rights Those .docx
Chapter 3 Due Process, Equal Protection, and Civil Rights
Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves.
Abraham Lincoln
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter you should better understand:
· • The standards applied for determining whether a procedure satisfies the constitutional due process requirements
· • The manner in which the restrictions on federal government action in the Bill of Rights have been incorporated into the due process guaranty that applies to state actions
· • The U.S. Supreme Court’s approach to determining whether classifications violate the constitutional equal protection requirements
· • The classifications to which “strict scrutiny” is applied in the equal protection analysis
· • The basic remedies available for civil rights violations
At the heart of the rule of law lie the ideals that everyone should be treated fairly and equally before the law. Toward this end the U.S. Constitution protects individual rights by constraining government. But fairness and equality cannot be reduced to prohibitions. To reach more broadly the Constitution also includes fundamental guaranties. Many important court decisions and legislative acts addressing individual rights have been based on the two most fundamental general guaranties: the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause.
A Due Process Clause was part of the Fifth Amendment in the original Bill of Rights and it was aimed at the federal government. It provides that no person shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process.” The original Bill of Rights did not mention equal protection of the laws in a general sense. The Fourteenth Amendment, added after the Civil War and aimed at former slave states, included the same due process provisions as the Fifth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment also included the Equal Protection Clause. It provides that no state shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Although nothing in the text said that equal protection applied to the federal government as well as to the states, the U.S. Supreme Court eventually held that it did. In 1954 in Bolling v. Sharpe the Court said that “the concepts of equal protection and due process, both stemming from our American ideal of fairness, are not mutually exclusive. The ‘equal protection of the laws’ is a more explicit safeguard of prohibited unfairness than ‘due process of law,’ and, therefore, we do not imply that the two are always interchangeable phrases. But, as this Court has recognized, discrimination may be so unjustifiable as to be violative of due process.”1 Consequently due process and equal protection apply to both federal and state laws.
The Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses address government action. They require that laws and legal procedures be fair. As discussed in the final section of this chapter, other constitutional provisions or laws may directly address unfair or discriminato ...
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Ben was indicted on drug charges in September 2019 and remained in jail as his trial was delayed multiple times by his attorney. In March 2020, as Ben's motion to dismiss the charges for violation of his right to a speedy trial was pending, all courts closed due to COVID-19 and his hearing was postponed, leaving Ben in continued pretrial detention. Based on research of the Federal Speedy Trial Act and relevant New York state law, as well as consideration of a related appellate court case, Ben's Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial may have been violated by the delays and postponement due to the pandemic.
Chapter 20 presentation
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to due process and protections for criminal defendants under the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the importance of due process, the two due process clauses in the 5th and 14th Amendments, and examples of how due process has been applied and defined by the Supreme Court on a case-by-case basis. It also outlines various criminal procedural protections like habeas corpus, limits on laws, grand juries, double jeopardy, speedy and public trials, adequate defense, self-incrimination rights, bail, limits on punishments including the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, and definitions and applications of capital punishment and treason.
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1000 words, 2 referencesBegin conducting research now on your .docx
1000 words, 2 references
Begin conducting research now on your company/client. After brainstorming on your company’s industry and after your preliminary research information-gathering techniques, create a research profile proposal to deliver to your company’s management that includes the following:
State the specific research goal for the proposal.
What is the company’s current business problem?
Who is the company’s competition?
Establish your population sample for researching customer attitudes and behaviors about the company and product.
Identify the steps in the research process.
.
1000 words only due by 5314 at 1200 estthis is a second part to.docx
1000 words only due by 5/3/14 at 12:00 est
this is a second part to this assignment due at a different time
Part 1
Your fast-food franchise has been cleared for business in all 4 countries (United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China). You now have to start construction on your restaurants. The financing is coming from the United Arab Emirates, the materials are coming from Mexico and China, the engineering and technology are coming from Israel , and the labor will be hired locally within these countries by your management team from the United States. You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another. The people seem to be staying with their own groups and not mingling.
What is the cultural phenomenon at play here (what is it called/ term)?
How do you explain the lack of intercultural communication and interaction?
What do you know about these cultures—specifically their economic, political, educational, and social systems—that could help you in getting them together?
What are some of the contrasting cultural values of these countries?
You are concerned about some of the language barriers as you start the meeting, particularly the fact that the United States is a low-context country, and some of the countries present are high-context countries. Furthermore, you only speak English, and you do not have an interpreter present.
How will this affect the presentation?
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal language for this group?
What strategy would you use to begin to have everyone develop a relationship with each other that will help ease future negotiations, development, and implementation?
.
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1 - 1.01 Reliance on Scientific Knowledge - Behavior analysts rely on professionally derived knowledge based on science and behavior analysis when making scientific or professional judgments in human service provision, or when engaging in scholarly or professional endeavors.
2 - 1.02 Boundaries of Competence (b-New Areas) - Behavior analysts provide services, teach, or conduct research in new areas (e.g., populations, techniques, behaviors) only a er rst undertaking appropriate study, training, supervision, and/or consultation from persons who are competent in those areas.
3 - 1.03 Maintaining Competence through Professional Development - Behavior analysts maintain knowledge of current scientific and professional information in their areas of practice and undertake ongoing efforts to maintain competence in the skills they use by reading the appropriate literature, attending conferences and conventions, participating in workshops, obtaining additional coursework, and/or obtaining and maintaining appropriate professional credentials.
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Learning Objectives
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2. Describe different arrangements of international laws which affect international trade and relationships.
3. Illustrate the basic organization of the United Nations and explain the UN’s purpose.
4. Describe the political organization of the European Union.
5. Compare the purposes and organization of the three main world banking institutions.
6. Identify different methods or tools by which international disputes are typically resolved.
7. Describe the regulations imposed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
8. Compare different standpoints on businesses’ obligation to fulfill social responsibility requirements.
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Fair Trial
This document appears to be a student project report submitted to Indore Institute of Law. It includes sections typical of a research project such as an acknowledgements section thanking those who provided guidance, a declaration affirming the work as the student's own, and an introduction outlining the topic of a fair trial as protected by the Indian Constitution and international agreements. The body of the document discusses concepts such as the presumption of innocence, rights to counsel, speedy trial, and others that comprise the right to a fair trial under Indian law and international human rights law.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESWhen you complete this chapter, you shoul.docx
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you complete this chapter, you should be able to:
� Describe the prosecutor’s role, prosecutor’s discretion, and the issues surrounding prosecutorial
misconduct.
� Explain the concept of joinder and reasons for it.
� Explain the purpose, functions, and powers of a grand jury.
� Outline the development of the right to counsel.
� Be familiar with the courtroom workgroup and its functions.
IS
B
N
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337
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Prosecutors, Grand
Juries, and Defense
Attorneys
C
H
A
P
T
E
R
OUTLINE
Introduction: Bringing Charges and Mounting
a Defense
The Prosecutor
The Charging Decision
Deciding Not to Prosecute
Challenging the Decision Not to Prosecute
Restrictions on Bringing Charges
Unfair and Selective Prosecution
Vindictive Prosecution
Dealing with Overzealous Prosecutors
Recourse
Joinder
Multiple Charges against the Same Individual
Charges against Multiple Defendants
The Grand Jury
How a Grand Jury Is Constructed
Duration
Size
Voting Requirements
Selection of Members
Secrecy of Grand Jury Proceedings
Disclosure of Witness Testimony to the Defense
Disclosure of Witness Testimony to Other Parties
Rights of Witnesses Testifying before Grand
Juries
Right to Testify
Being Advised of the Right Not to Testify
Right to Counsel
Investigative Powers of the Grand Jury
Subpoenas
Grants of Immunity
Findings of Contempt
Challenging a Grand Jury Indictment
The Defense Attorney
The Right to Counsel in a Criminal
Prosecution
Due Process Origins
The Contemporary Sixth Amendment
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The Right to Counsel at Other Stages
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The Sixth Amendment Approach
The Fifth Amendment Approach
The Due Process Approach
Waiver of the Right to Counsel
Indigent versus Nonindigent Defendants’ Right
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Effective Assistance of Counsel
When the Right Applies
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11
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Criminal Procedure: From First Contact to Appeal, Fourth Edition, by John L. Worrall. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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process. Prosecutors, too, perform a great deal of work before the pretrial process.
Nevertheless, the functions of all t ...
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Chapter 1 – Business and Its Legal Environment
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Chapter 3 Due Process, Equal Protection, and Civil Rights Those .docx
Chapter 3 Due Process, Equal Protection, and Civil Rights
Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves.
Abraham Lincoln
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter you should better understand:
· • The standards applied for determining whether a procedure satisfies the constitutional due process requirements
· • The manner in which the restrictions on federal government action in the Bill of Rights have been incorporated into the due process guaranty that applies to state actions
· • The U.S. Supreme Court’s approach to determining whether classifications violate the constitutional equal protection requirements
· • The classifications to which “strict scrutiny” is applied in the equal protection analysis
· • The basic remedies available for civil rights violations
At the heart of the rule of law lie the ideals that everyone should be treated fairly and equally before the law. Toward this end the U.S. Constitution protects individual rights by constraining government. But fairness and equality cannot be reduced to prohibitions. To reach more broadly the Constitution also includes fundamental guaranties. Many important court decisions and legislative acts addressing individual rights have been based on the two most fundamental general guaranties: the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause.
A Due Process Clause was part of the Fifth Amendment in the original Bill of Rights and it was aimed at the federal government. It provides that no person shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process.” The original Bill of Rights did not mention equal protection of the laws in a general sense. The Fourteenth Amendment, added after the Civil War and aimed at former slave states, included the same due process provisions as the Fifth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment also included the Equal Protection Clause. It provides that no state shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Although nothing in the text said that equal protection applied to the federal government as well as to the states, the U.S. Supreme Court eventually held that it did. In 1954 in Bolling v. Sharpe the Court said that “the concepts of equal protection and due process, both stemming from our American ideal of fairness, are not mutually exclusive. The ‘equal protection of the laws’ is a more explicit safeguard of prohibited unfairness than ‘due process of law,’ and, therefore, we do not imply that the two are always interchangeable phrases. But, as this Court has recognized, discrimination may be so unjustifiable as to be violative of due process.”1 Consequently due process and equal protection apply to both federal and state laws.
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Chapter 20 presentation
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to due process and protections for criminal defendants under the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the importance of due process, the two due process clauses in the 5th and 14th Amendments, and examples of how due process has been applied and defined by the Supreme Court on a case-by-case basis. It also outlines various criminal procedural protections like habeas corpus, limits on laws, grand juries, double jeopardy, speedy and public trials, adequate defense, self-incrimination rights, bail, limits on punishments including the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, and definitions and applications of capital punishment and treason.
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test to compare the pret
es
t and
p
ostt
est
scores for a group of 45 people, the degrees of freedom
(
df
)
ar
e _____.
10.3. If we conduct a
t
test for independent samples
,
and
n1
=
32 and
n2
=
35,
the degrees of freedom
(df)
are
_____.
10.4
.
A researcher wants to study the effect of college education on p
eo
p
le's
earning by comparing the annual salaries of a randomly
-
selecte
d g
ro
up
of 100 college graduates to the annual salaries of 100 randoml
y-selected
group of people whose highest level of education is high
schoo
l.
To
compare the mean annual salaries of the two groups
,
th
e resea
r
cher
should use a
t
test for
______.
10.5. A training coordinator wants to determine the effectiveness
of a program
that makes extensive use of educational technology when t
raining new
employees. She compares the scores of her new emplo
yees who
completed the training on a nationally-normed test to th
e
me
a
n
s
c
ore of
all
those in the country who took the same test.
The a
p
pro
p
riate
statistical test the training coordinator should use for h
er analysis
i
s the
t
test for ______.
10
.
6. As part of the process to develop two parallel forms o
f a q
u
es
t
io
nn
aire
,
the persons creating the questionnaire may admin
i
st
e
r b
o
th
f
or
ms to a
group of students, and then use a
t
test for ______ s
a
mpl
es
t
o com
p
are
the mean scores on the two forms
.
Circle the
correct
answer:
10.7. A difference
o
f 4 points between two
homogeneous group
s
is lik
e
ly to
be
more/less
statistically significant than the
s
ame
d
i
ffe
r
e
n
ce (of 4
points) between two
heterogeneous
groups
,
when all fou
r g
r
o
up
s are
taking completing the same survey and have appro
x
im
a
tel
y t
h
e same
number of subjects.
10.8. A difference of 3 points on a 100-item test taken b
y t
w
o g
rou
ps is likely to be
more/less
statistically significant than a difference of 3 po
i
nt
s on a 30-item test taken by the sa
m
e
t
w
o g
r
oups.
10.9 When
a
t
test for paired samples is u
s
ed to
c
ompare th
e
p
re
t
est an
d
the posttest
means
,
the number of pretest scores i
s
the
same as/different than
the number of
po
s
t-t
e
st scor
e
s.
10.10. W
hen
w
e
w
ant to compar
e w
h
e
th
e
r female
s
' scor
es
on th
e
G
MAT are
di
fferent f
rom males' scores
,
we should use a
t
test for
paired samples/independen
t
samples
.
10
.11 In studi
e
s
w
h
e
re the alte
r
nati
ve (
r
es
ear
c
h
)
h
y
poth
es
i
s
i
s
directiona
l
,
t
h
e critical va
lu
es
for
a
one tailed test/two-tailed test
should b
e us
ed t
o
d
e
t
erm
i
ne the
l
e
vel o
f
signi
fi
cance (i
.
e.
,
the
p
va
lue).
10.12 W
h
e
n
t
h
e
alt
e
rnati
ve
h
y
poth
e
si
s
is: H
A
: u1=u2
,
the c
ri
ti
ca
l
v
alu
es for
one
tailed test/
two-tailed
test
should b
e
u
se.
100 WORDS OR MOREConsider your past experiences either as a studen.docx
100 WORDS OR MORE
Consider your past experiences either as a student, early child care professional, or teacher. Describe a creative episode similar to the two boys who found a frog in the text (Creativity and the Arts with Young Children, p.309), when the teacher (maybe you) seized the opportunity (the teachable moment) to inspire the children to branch out using their imagination, creativity, and interests. Why do you think this was such a memorable moment?
WHAT WAS OBSERVED?
Two boys were exploring the outdoors and found a small frog. The teacher recognized their high interest and determined that this was an appropriate topic for a study. Their experience in nature provided the interest and stimulus for a long-term project on frogs. The teacher demonstrated her belief that this study could not only include informational learning but also be enriched by the use of the arts. She didn't know a lot about frogs, so she joined the children in looking for information about them. Stories provided the content for the drama about frogs, and the music selection encouraged listening and moving to the “frog music.” A group mural was created through the collaboration of several children, who created visual representations of the frog's environment. Another group of children investigated building a habitat for the frog in their classroom aquarium. All of the children were involved in active learning and used methods that matched their interests. At the conclusion of the study, the children shared their learning by making a giant book about frogs, creating a song about frogs, and demonstrating the development of the frog aquarium that emulated its outdoor environment. Finally, they returned the frog to its home, which led to their understanding that it needed to live in its natural habitat.
.
1000 to 2000 words Research Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of.docx
1000 to 2000 words
Research Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and discuss why it is so significant.
Your paper should discuss the state of race relations in the United States prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It should also discuss the political environment that led to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Additionally, please include a response to the following in your analysis:
What is the purpose of this law?
What groups does it protect? What groups does it not protect?
How were the Jim Crow laws tested during this time period?
What is the U.S. Supreme Court case
Plessy v. Ferguson
about? Is the rule established in the Plessy case still the rule today?
.
1000 word essay MlA Format.. What is our personal responsibility tow.docx
1000 word essay MlA Format.. What is our personal responsibility toward the natural world, toward what we term our natural resources? Use one of these readings and interpet it to the question reflecting your answer. Add perentheses when using quotes.
“May’s Lion” (Le Guin)
“Deer Among Cattle” (Dickey)
“Meditation at Oyster River” (Roethke)
“The Call of the Wild” (Snyder)
“Eco-Defense” (Abbey)
“The Present” (Dillard)
“Time and the Machine” (Huxley)
Mending wall(Frost)
.
100 wordsGoods and services that are not sold in markets.docx
100 words
Goods and services that are not sold in markets, such as food produced and consumed at home and some household articles, are generally not included in GDP.
How might the absence of these values mislead one when comparing the economic well-being of the United States and India?
What other items are not included in GDP and how might their exclusion impact policy?
.
100 word responseChicago style citingLink to textbook httpbo.docx
100 word response
Chicago style citing
Link to textbook: http://books.google.com/books?id=zutRiJJMBQYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Article is attached
The overwhelming similarities between the articles are perception of identity through self-focus or self-identity through culture. Mulvaney tells us “truth is socially constructed through language and other symbol systems” (Mulvaney, 222). And as an example, it was just such self-focus that landed Galileo in jail by asserting that the universe was sun-centered as opposed to earth centered. The people of that time had socially constructed their own truths based on their perceptions of that time, although we now know that both were incorrect. It was from this perception of correctness that power was assumed and asserted by the majority, which in this case led to Galileo’s arrest (Mulvaney 2004).
Jandt touches on an interesting fact regarding existentialism, the idea of the “other” and the idea that both the observer and the observed are changed in the process. He states, “that the observer is not independent of the observed; the observed is in some sense “created” or changed or both by the act of observation” (Jandt, 212). It is from this dynamic that Jandt speaks of that we can see the formation of societal roles, i.e. the roles of those in positions of power and those in a subservient roles.
The interesting culmination of the information from all three articles is that the process is not a stagnant one, but rather one that can, and often times does change. Through introspective analysis, asking ourselves the question “Who am I?” we can embrace our cultural differences and through the acceptance of our individual qualities can take back some of the power that was perhaps lost (Jandt, 210). For example, take the labels “Feminist” and “Gay” along with “queer” and “Chicano,” which were certainly negative when created, have been transformed into positive labels embraced by those within each perspective community (Jandt 2004).
Works Cited
Jandt, Fred E., Dolores V. Tanno. "Decoding Domination, Encoding Self-Determination - Intercultural Comminication Research Process." In Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader, by Fred E. Jandt, 205 - 221. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2004.
Mulvaney, Becky Michelle. "Gender Differences in Communication - An Intercultural Experience." In Intercultural Communication - A Global Reader, by Fred E. Jandt, 221 - 229. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2004.
.
100 word response to the followingBoth perspectives that we rea.docx
100 word response to the following:
Both perspectives that we read referenced Hofstede’s work. Merrit and Helmreich focused closely on Hofstede’s principles of individualism and power distance. They studied how American flight crews differed in these areas from Asian flight crews. The American flight crews proved to have much more individualism than the Asian, although power distance perceptions were mixed between pilots and flight attendants, with the flight attendants perceiving more power distance than the pilots (in Jandt, 2004). Aldridge also focused on individualism and power distance, with regards to the American culture. It is Aldridge’s thesis that it is the idea of the “natural rights of man” that underpins American culture (in Jandt, 2004, p.94). The natural rights of man are a value that is espoused by a culture with high individuality and low power distance. If man has natural rights, then he is an independent being, and in order to value all men, we must have a lower perception of the distance between those of high status and those with lower status.
I enjoyed both perspectives. I felt that the aviation study was very strong, as they were careful to make sure that they accounted for cultural differences in their measurements. I agree with the authors that although they confirmed some sociological theories and demonstrated that flight crews tend to follow their cultural norms, the study is likely skewed. In order to understand how different flight crews behave from standard Asian social norms, the surveys would have to be done from an Asian perspective and even then, there is not just one Asian culture, so that should be taken into account. We likely miss many of the subtle differences between Asian flight crews and their home culture, by not having a sensitive test to that culture.
My main complaint about Aldridge’s perspective is a lack of strong comparison to other cultures. I felt that the argument that American culture is strong based on our belief in natural human rights would have been better served by showing more comparison to other cultures that also espouse this value and/or to cultures that clearly do not. The comparison to Nazi culture was a start, but one that gets kind of old after a while, and is not a culture that is as current as I would prefer in a comparison.
Readings:
Texbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
“Human Factors on the Flight Deck: The Influence of National Culture,” Merritt and Helmreich, Jandt pages 13-27
“What is the Basis of American Culture,” Aldridge, Jandt pages 84-98
100 word response to the following
The perspectives learned this week relate to the evolution of human beings and their ability to evolve and survive. As it was state in Aldridge’s readings human beings have the capability to communicate and this ability makes them superior, than animals. All human beings came from the same land and eventually with th.
100 word response to the followingThe point that Penetito is tr.docx
100 word response to the following:
The point that Penetito is trying to make is that it is important for indigenous cultures to survive. He uses the case of the education of the Maori in New Zealand as an example to exhibit the declining influence of the culture because of the influence of the more dominant British culture. Penetito strengthens his argument by referencing problems that come with colonization and the negative on natives, most notably, the educational system. By attacking this one issue and using facts about the culture to enrich the discussion helps to focus his message that cultures being dominated is a bad thing. The Maori educational system has been moulded to fit the mainstream framework rather than a Maori one (Jandt, 2004, p. 173) and this creates many of the problems and contributes to the extinction of culture. He could use other examples of how colonizing countries leads to the destruction of less important areas of indigiounous cultures such as dress, language, or food in order to strengthen his arguments about the educational systems. The lack of attention in the educational field is having lasting effects on Maoris living in New Zealand and any more information he could use to support this would be important to know. Also examples of educational systems in other colonized countries, to compare and contrast them to New Zealand's would also help to influence readers. He references a report done by the Ministry of Maori Development which states that, "disparities between Maori and non-Maori in a variety of economic sectors such as employment and income" (Jandt, 2004, p. 181). The Maori are just an example of one culture that is fighting for survival out of many. The problem is that through colonization, diversity dwindles. Penetito's writing is valid for all endangered languages because all cultures can use it as a template and useful knowledge for preserving their cultures before they are completely gone.
Textbook: Jandt, F. (2004). Intercultural Communication:A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 word response to the following:
I would like to ask a provocative question, or two.
Given that all of the indigenous languages in the USA are on the brink of extinction, should there be federal funding to protect these languages and these cultures?
Along the same lines, what do you think of English-only initiatives? Do these aid or hurt American culture?
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
.
100 word response to the folowingMust use Chicago style citing an.docx
The document discusses different perspectives on culture from authors Levi-Strauss and Hofstede. Levi-Strauss was interested in structuralism and the differences between cultures. He believed cultures should remain distinct from one another. Hofstede analyzed business cultures and categorized them into symbols, heroes, rituals, and values. He identified four dimensions of national cultural variation: power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. When interacting with those from other cultures, it is important to understand these cultural dimensions and not force our own values, but rather be respectful of different perspectives and find common values to effectively communicate.
100 word response using textbook Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9t.docx
100 word response using textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Citing in MLA Format:
Between the Baroque and Rococo era, according to Getlein in Living with Art 2010, Rococo is a development and extension of the baroque style. Rococo is not only a play on the word baroque, but also French for rocks and shells. Rococo is known for its ornate style and several points of contrast. Baroque on the other hand was an art of cathedrals and palaces (Getlein p. 397). The Mirror Room of the Amailienburg in Nymphenburg is a great example of the Rococo style of art with its gentle pastels, overall intimacy, multiple mirrors and its illusion of the sky and with that baroque is large in scale and rococo is lighter. According to Getlein p. 398, Rococo architecture first originated in France but was soon exported, some examples of this type of art are found in Germany. Hall of mirrors on page 392 by Charles Le Brun is an example of baroque art, it is a more intense piece of work that is more vibrant and energetic vice the lighter decoration s used in The Mirror Room.
100 word response using textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Citing in MLA Format:
The Renaissance covered the period from 1400 to 1600, which brought numerous changes that included new techniques in art, the way art was viewed, and how people viewed themselves. The term renaissance means "rebirth" and it refers to the renewal of interest in Roman and Greek cultures. During the period scholars who called themselves humanists believed in the pursuit of knowledge and striving to reach their full creative and intellectual potential. This new way of thinking had many impacts for art during this period. Artists became interested in observing the natural world and studied new techniques on how to accurately depict it. Various techniques were developed such as the effect of light known as chiaroscuro; noting that distant objects appeared smaller than nearer ones they developed linear perspective; seeing how detail and colored blurred with distance, they developed atmospheric perspective. (Getlein page 361) The nude also reappeared in art, for the body was one of God's most noble creations; an example of this can be seen in figure 16.8 the statue of David, by the artist Michelangelo. (Getlein page 368) The primary difference between the Renaissance and the prior period of time was that artists were no longer viewed craftsmen, they were now recognized as intellectuals. (Getlein page 362)
The Northern Renaissance developed more gradually than in Italy. Northern artists did not live among the ruins of Rome nor did they share the Italians’ sense of a personal link to the creators of the Classical past; thus affecting the focus and characteristics between the two cultures. (Getlein page 374) Renaissance artists in northern Europe focused more on small details of the visible world, such as decoration or the outer appearanc.
100 word response to the following. Must cite properly in MLA.Un.docx
This document summarizes key differences between Egyptian and Islamic architecture and art. It notes that unlike Egyptians, Muslims did not create statues or idols in their mosques due to Islamic doctrine prohibiting images of animate beings. Instead, Islamic architecture used geometry and plants in designs like the Egyptian pyramids. Mosques featured grand designs incorporating textiles, brick, ceramics and calligraphy. A popular example is the Cordoba mosque in Spain, which utilized Roman and Byzantine architectural techniques like arches and domes. Overall, Islamic art and architecture focused more on imagination than depicting history visually like Egyptian art.
100 original, rubric, word count and required readings must be incl.docx
This document outlines the requirements for an assignment involving a strategy audit report and presentation for a company. It requires conducting an internal and external assessment of the company including analyzing its value proposition, market position, competitive advantage, external environment, internal environment, SWOT analysis, and balanced scorecard. The strategy audit report must identify 5-7 strategic issues, provide recommendations in areas like products, structure, culture, and performance measures, and explain how the recommendations will help achieve the company's strategy and vision. It includes appendices with previously completed analyses. The assignment aims to integrate all coursework into a comprehensive strategy audit for a company.
100 or more wordsFor this Discussion imagine that you are speaki.docx
Play is important for children to learn and develop. Through play, children learn skills like problem solving, motor skills, social skills, and cognitive development. Parents and childcare professionals can encourage play by providing toys and opportunities for pretend play, outdoor active play, and creative arts to support children's learning and development.
10. (TCOs 1 and 10) Apple, Inc. a cash basis S corporation in Or.docx
10.
(TCOs 1 and 10) Apple, Inc. a cash basis S corporation in Orange, Texas, formerly was a C corporation. Apple has the following assets and liabilities on January 1, 2010, the date the S election is made:
Adjusted Basis
Fair Market Value
Cash
$200,000
$200,000
Accounts receivable
-0-
$105,000
Equipment
$110,000
$100,000
Land
$1,800,000
$2,500,000
Accounts payable
-0-
$110,000
During 2010, Apple collects the accounts receivable and pays the accounts payable. The land is sold for $3 million, and taxable income for the year is $590,000. What is Apple's built-in gains tax?
(Points : 5)
.
10-12 slides with Notes APA Style ReferecesThe prosecutor is getti.docx
10-12 slides with Notes APA Style Refereces
The prosecutor is getting feedback from local law enforcement officers explaining that they are discouraged from making arrests in cases of domestic violence and child abuse. They claim that they have been either not making arrests in domestic violence situations or arresting both parties when they go out on a call. It seems that abused women often go back to the abusers, and children who get removed from the homes where they have been abused often return after removal. These occurrences have been especially demoralizing to law enforcement.
One of your jobs in working as a victim witness assistant is to help educate law enforcement on the nature and behaviors involved in domestic violence and child abuse. The prosecutor’s office has decided that you should present each of these topics for the next training session:
Topic 1: Domestic violence:
Your goal is to educate law enforcement to use best practices in the investigation of domestic abuse cases. Include the following topics:
How to approach a domestic violence situation when responding to an emergency call
when the parties should be separated
how to interview parties
what information needs to be in the report and why
how best to help a victim
what laws protect victims, including the use of protection orders
why victims return to abusers
length of time it may take to stay away from their abusers
Arrests
the legal standard needed to make an arrest in a domestic violence case
What evidence should be collected at the arrest?
Are dual arrests effective law enforcement?
how to assist domestic violence victims
reluctant victims
help for victims
Topic 2: Child Abuse:
Your goal will be to educate law enforcement about the dynamics of abuse and neglect cases. Include the following topics:
signs of child abuse and categories (physical, sexual, emotional)
difference between abuse and neglect
legal description of neglect
use of guardian
ad litems
the legal standards that must be met in removal from the home
termination of parental rights
requirements of Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
role of court-appointed special advocates (CASA) in child abuse and neglect cases
role of social services in abuse and neglect cases
For more information on creating PowerPoint Presentations, please visit the Microsoft Office Applications Lab.
.
10-12 page paer onDiscuss the advantages and problems with trailer.docx
10-12 page paer on
Discuss the advantages and problems with trailers for temporary housing, the issues for FEMA, and recommendations for improvements to the housing program. Discuss how Public Assistance was used in New York for Hurricane Sandy recovery, and why this was so different than previous housing policies.
.
10. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in.docx
10. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in a large hospital.
How would you sterilize each of the following? Briefly justify your answers.
a. A mattress used by a patient with bubonic plague
b. Intravenous glucose-saline solutions
c. Used disposable syringe
d. Tissues taken from patients
.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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