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1. BUS 309 Week 11 Quiz – Strayer
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Quiz 10 Chapter 11
Job Discrimination
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?
a. African Americans have the third highest
standard of living in the world.
b. Today, men are just as likely as women to
be in so-called "pink collar" occupations.
c. There is little statistical evidence of job
discrimination today.
d. Relatively few women and minorities
have made it to the very top of their
professions.
2. A historical view indicates which of the following is correct?
a. Statistical evidence is irrelevant to
proving discrimination.
b. Women and blacks are sometimes
victimized by stereotypes.
c. The idea that women may have
difficulties fitting into a "male" work
environment is outdated.
d. On average women earn between 1/3 and
1/2 of what men make for doing the very
same work.
3. Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?
a. Brown v. Board of Education upheld the
principle of "separate but equal."
b. The Bakke case outlawed affirmative
action across the board.
c. In the 2004 Holtz case, the Supreme Court
ruled that "race-conscious" admissions
policies are unconstitutional.
d. In the recent University of Michigan cases
(Gratz and Grutter), the Supreme Court

2. upheld a moderate, flexible affirmative
action program and rejected a rigid one.
4. Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR
affirmative action?
a. It evens the score with young white men,
who have had it good for too long.
b. It is necessary to break the cycle that
keeps minorities and women locked into
low-paying, low-prestige jobs.
c. It ignores the principle of equality.
d. It is a color-blind policy.
5. Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument
AGAINST affirmative action?
a. Compensatory justice forbids affirmative
action.
b. Blacks and whites are already equal in
socioeconomic terms.
c. Affirmative action violates the rights of
white men to equal treatment.
d. Affirmative action is the same thing as
fixed numerical quotas.
6. Advocates of "comparable worth"
a. say that all women do their job just as
well as men.
b. base their doctrine on the free-market
determination of wages.
c. believe it is necessary for getting rid of
sexual harassment.
d. want women to be paid as much as men
for jobs involving equivalent skill, effort,
and responsibility.
7. Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?
a. Unwelcome sexual offers a female
employer gives to a male employee.
b. A female employee hugging a co-worker
when he announces his engagement.
c. A manager enforcing a dress code for a

3. work environment.
d. An employee pinning up comic strips in
an office cubicle.
8. Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. Who
decides when such behavior is inappropriate?
a. The person to whom the comments are
directed.
b. The person accused of harassment.
c. The hypothetical "reasonable person."
d. The common law as modified by
legislation.
9. The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts
a. treated sexual harassment as a form of
discrimination.
b. upheld seniority over affirmative action.
c. upheld the legality of hiring quotas.
d. upheld the legality of mandatory drug
testing.
10. In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed, in the case of Johnson v. Transportation
Agency, that
a. affirmative action is unconstitutional.
b. quotas based on considerations of race are
unconstitutional.
c. considerations of sex are permissible as
one factor in deciding whom to promote.
d. racially segregated schooling is
unconstitutional.
11. Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Men cannot be victims of sexual
harassment.
b. The Supreme Court has established a hard
and fast line between permissible and
impermissible affirmative action plans.
c. The law treats sexual harassment as a
form of sexual discrimination.
d. Differences in levels and types of

4. education explain why, on the average,
men earn more than women.
12. When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men—all of them
articulate and conventionally dressed—to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and
Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed
a. sexual discrimination against young
African-American men.
b. racial discrimination against young
African-American men.
c. sexual discrimination against young white
men.
d. racial discrimination against young white
men.
13. What quality is more important in predicting who gets fired than job-performance
ratings or even prior disciplinary history?
a. race b. sexual
orientati
on
c. age d. gender
14. Male managers frequently assume that women
a. will not place family demands above work
considerations.
b. possess the necessary drive to succeed in
business.
c. take negative feedback professionally
rather than personally.
d. are too emotional to be good managers.
15. What do affirmative action programs involve?
a. Firms should prepare an oral equal-
employment policy and an affirmative
action commitment.
b. Firms should appoint an administrative
assistant to direct and implement their
program and to publicize their policy and
affirmative action commitment.
c. Firms are expected to survey current
female and minority employment by
department and job classification.

5. d. Whenever underrepresentation of females
or minorities is evident, firms are to try a
little harder.
16. Fill in the blank. Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of
affirmative action but also find that _______________ benefits when they make
themselves more diverse?
a. the morale of the
company
c. the law department
b. the bottom line d. the managers
17. Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will lead to illegal quotas,
preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse
discrimination against white men?
a. affirmative action c. sexual harassment
b. sexual diversity d. age discrimination
18. Over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?
a. over 12,000
annually.
c. over 25,000
annually.
b. over 15,000
annually.
d. over 50,000
annually.
19. There are two legal types of sexual harassment:
a. male to female, female to male.
b. male to male, female to female.
c. boss to worker, worker to boss.
d. “quid pro quo’’ and “hostile work
environment.’’
20. To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in
sexual harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?
a. reasonable person c. hysterical person
b. sensual person d. management person
21. One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as
a. assets. b. equals. c. high d. playthin

6. potential
s.
gs.
22. What should a female employee do if she encounters sexual harassment?
a. She must decide if she likes the attention.
b. She should try to document it by keeping
a record of what has occurred, who was
involved, and when it happened.
c. Keep it to herself and never tell a soul.
d. Go on a talk show and tell her story.
23. According to Shaw and Barry, companies clearly have what kind of obligation to
provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?
a. legal b. moral c. environ
mental
d. personal
24. Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their
position?
a. Most women want a rigid schedule.
b. Most women want the most challenging
job.
c. Most women have chosen the higher
paying occupations.
d. Most women have freely chosen the lower
paying occupations.
25. Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to
a. job
perform
ance.
b. job
discrimi
nation.
c. job
analysis.
d. job
descripti
on.
TRUE/FALSE
1. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex,
religion, or national origin.
2. Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment. "Hostile work environment" is
one of them.

7. 3. The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment
and is therefore illegal.
4. To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or
job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.
5. The Supreme Court, in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v. Regents of the
University of California, upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its
medical school for minorities.
6. The terms "affirmative action" and "reverse discrimination" are synonymous.
7. Kantians would repudiate sexual or racial job discrimination as disrespectful to our
humanity.
8. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed sexual and racial discrimination at
work until overturned by the Supreme Court.
9. "Affirmative action" refers to programs taking the race and sex of employees and job
candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that
exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in the larger
society.
10. The issue of comparable worth pits against each other two cherished American
values: the ethic of nondiscrimination verses the free enterprise system.
11. The only true form of job discrimination is intentional and individual.
12. Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on
someone who is not in a position to refuse it.
13. An isolated or occasional remark or innuendo inevitably constitutes sexual
harassment.
14. According to the Supreme Court, men cannot be the victims of sexual harassment.

8. 15. The courts view sexual harassment as a kind of sexual discrimination.
16. The 1995 case Adarand Constructors v. Pena shows that, after years of disagreement,
the Supreme Court is now unanimous on the issue of affirmative action.
17. Job discrimination involves prejudice, inaccurate stereotypes, or the assumption that a
certain group is inferior and deserves unequal treatment.
18. Some companies view diversity in the workplace as a competitive advantage.
19. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers, both public and private, with
twenty five or more employees.
20. Executive Order 10925 decreed that federal contractors should “make rigid quotas to
ensure that applicants are employed without regard to their race, creed, color, or
national origin.’’
21. Women entering male turf, or minority workers of either sex going into a
predominantly white work environment, can find themselves uncomfortably being
measured by a white male value system.
22. Statistics by themselves do not prove discrimination.
23. A survey shows that three out of four whites believe that African Americans and
Hispanics are more likely than whites to prefer living on welfare, and a majority of
whites also believe that African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to be lazy,
unpatriotic, and prone to violence.
24. Anti-discrimination laws do not address the present-day effects of past discrimination.
25. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity
Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion,
or national origin.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Job discrimination occurs if three conditions are met. What are they?

9. 2. Job discrimination can be individual or intentional. What are two other forms that job
discrimination can take?
3. What is some of the statistical evidence of job discrimination?
4. What is some of the attitudinal evidence of job discrimination?
5. What did the Supreme Court decide in 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of
Education?
6. What does Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act say?
7. EEOC lists steps to affirmative action. Name two of them.
8. Explain the importance of the 1978 case, Bakke v. Regents of the University of
California.
9. What is the Supreme Court's current view of affirmative action (as evidenced by the
Michigan cases Gratz and Grutter)?
10. Affirmative action should be distinguished from reverse discrimination. What is the
difference?
11. What is the doctrine of comparable worth? On what grounds do opponents of
comparable worth criticize it?
12. What evidence do we have that sexual harassment is harmful to people?
13. What is an example of strong evidence that racial or sexual discrimination exists?
14. What steps should a male or female employee take when encountering sexual
harassment?

10. ESSAY
1. Explain in your own words the pros and cons of the against affirmative action that
“affirmative action injures white men and violates their rights.”
2. Explain why sexual harassment is unethical considering two moral theories.
3. Explain why job discrimination is unethical considering two moral theories.
4. Is it unrealistic to imagine that there will be no sexual interaction between men and
women in the workplace? Produce the reasoning on both sides of the argument.
5. Should the sexual orientation of gays and lesbians be protected against
discrimination? Justify your answer.