1.Processor: Processor is a small chip which is placed in the computer.The main purpose of this processor is,it receives the input and generates the output.This one task.Like this it can perform Trillions of tasks or calculations in 1 second.This is also called as MicroProcessor.Most computer contains processors developed by Intel or AMD.This processor is the central processing unit of any computer called CPU. 2.RAM Memory: RAM stands for Random Access Memory.It is made of small memory memory chips which forms a memory module.In our computer these are installed in the RAM slots of the MotherBoard. These are used to access the data fast from the hard disk.We we open any program in the computer .First that program related data will be loaded into the RAM.This is because reading the data directly from the hard disk is slower.But reading the data from the RAM is faster.If the Ram is sufficient without any lag time our computer will work fastly.If we want to improve the computer performance we have to add additional Ram to the Ram slots . 3.ROM ROM stands for Read Only Memory.RAM is different from ROM .This is small piece of memory which contains instructions which is used by the computer while booting and before the software loads.These instructions are present in the small program inside ROM called BIOS(Basic Input /Output System). In BIOS there will be settings.Which will be read by the computer before the operating gets loaded. 4.Cache This is also small amount of memory which will store the information about the recently accessed information. If we are trying to access the same information again then we will get it from the Cache which will improve the performance of the system. We will have different types of Cache like: a.Broswer Cache: Most web broswers uses this Type of cache.If we are accessing any Web site for the first time.All the images,HTML pages etc will be saved inside the cache.If next time if we accessed the same web site then once again it won’t get the images of the site,HTMl pages from the site.It will get from the broswers cahce memory.Which will improves the Browsing speed. b.Disk Cache:Most of the 1Tera Byte hard disks contain 32 MB of cache Memory. If we are opening a folder which contains so many file for the first time from the hard disk.All the references of the files will be stored inside the cache.Next time when we open the same folder then the list of files will load instantly without taking much time. c. Processor Cache. Which contains frequently used instructions by the processor. These instructions are stored in L1 Cache,L2 cache. 5:Computer Bus: Usually the computer has several buses which will transmit the data to different parts of the machine.It is made of set of wires which will allows data to passed back and forth.The size of the bus depends upon the data it is transmitting at a time.The size of the bus is like 32-bit and 64- bit.The buses will also have speed will be measured in megahertz.This will determi.

1. 1.Processor:
Processor is a small chip which is placed in the computer.The main purpose of this processor is,it
receives the input and generates the output.This one task.Like this it can perform Trillions of
tasks or calculations in 1 second.This is also called as MicroProcessor.Most computer contains
processors developed by Intel or AMD.This processor is the central processing unit of any
computer called CPU.
2.RAM Memory:
RAM stands for Random Access Memory.It is made of small memory memory chips which
forms a memory module.In our computer these are installed in the RAM slots of the
MotherBoard.
These are used to access the data fast from the hard disk.We we open any program in the
computer .First that program related data will be loaded into the RAM.This is because reading
the data directly from the hard disk is slower.But reading the data from the RAM is faster.If the
Ram is sufficient without any lag time our computer will work fastly.If we want to improve the
computer performance we have to add additional Ram to the Ram slots .
3.ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory.RAM is different from ROM .This is small piece of
memory which contains instructions which is used by the computer while booting and before the
software loads.These instructions are present in the small program inside ROM called
BIOS(Basic Input /Output System).
In BIOS there will be settings.Which will be read by the computer before the operating gets
loaded.
4.Cache
This is also small amount of memory which will store the information about the recently
accessed information. If we are trying to access the same information again then we will get it
from the Cache which will improve the performance of the system.
We will have different types of Cache like:
a.Broswer Cache:
Most web broswers uses this Type of cache.If we are accessing any Web site for the first
time.All the images,HTML pages etc will be saved inside the cache.If next time if we accessed
the same web site then once again it won’t get the images of the site,HTMl pages from the site.It
will get from the broswers cahce memory.Which will improves the Browsing speed.
b.Disk Cache:Most of the 1Tera Byte hard disks contain 32 MB of cache Memory.
If we are opening a folder which contains so many file for the first time from the hard disk.All
the references of the files will be stored inside the cache.Next time when we open the same

2. folder then the list of files will load instantly without taking much time.
c. Processor Cache.
Which contains frequently used instructions by the processor. These instructions are stored in L1
Cache,L2 cache.
5:Computer Bus:
Usually the computer has several buses which will transmit the data to different parts of the
machine.It is made of set of wires which will allows data to passed back and forth.The size of the
bus depends upon the data it is transmitting at a time.The size of the bus is like 32-bit and 64-
bit.The buses will also have speed will be measured in megahertz.This will determine how fast
the data is getting transmitted.
Computer will have primary bus which is connected from processor to various components of
the motherboard.
6.IO device control Unit:
One of the important task should be managed by the operating system is to manage various input
and output devices like keyboard,mouse,printers,disk drives,monitors,usb drives etc.
IO request is used to take the request and send it to the physical device or take the output from
the physical device and send back to the application.
7.IO device control unit Buffer:
This Buffer is the place where the data will be stored temporarily while it is moving from one
place to another.Generally the data will store into the buffer when getting the data from input
device or just before sent it back to an output device.This buffer will be moved to different
processes with in the computer.
Solution
1.Processor:
Processor is a small chip which is placed in the computer.The main purpose of this processor is,it
receives the input and generates the output.This one task.Like this it can perform Trillions of
tasks or calculations in 1 second.This is also called as MicroProcessor.Most computer contains
processors developed by Intel or AMD.This processor is the central processing unit of any
computer called CPU.
2.RAM Memory:
RAM stands for Random Access Memory.It is made of small memory memory chips which
forms a memory module.In our computer these are installed in the RAM slots of the
MotherBoard.
These are used to access the data fast from the hard disk.We we open any program in the

3. computer .First that program related data will be loaded into the RAM.This is because reading
the data directly from the hard disk is slower.But reading the data from the RAM is faster.If the
Ram is sufficient without any lag time our computer will work fastly.If we want to improve the
computer performance we have to add additional Ram to the Ram slots .
3.ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory.RAM is different from ROM .This is small piece of
memory which contains instructions which is used by the computer while booting and before the
software loads.These instructions are present in the small program inside ROM called
BIOS(Basic Input /Output System).
In BIOS there will be settings.Which will be read by the computer before the operating gets
loaded.
4.Cache
This is also small amount of memory which will store the information about the recently
accessed information. If we are trying to access the same information again then we will get it
from the Cache which will improve the performance of the system.
We will have different types of Cache like:
a.Broswer Cache:
Most web broswers uses this Type of cache.If we are accessing any Web site for the first
time.All the images,HTML pages etc will be saved inside the cache.If next time if we accessed
the same web site then once again it won’t get the images of the site,HTMl pages from the site.It
will get from the broswers cahce memory.Which will improves the Browsing speed.
b.Disk Cache:Most of the 1Tera Byte hard disks contain 32 MB of cache Memory.
If we are opening a folder which contains so many file for the first time from the hard disk.All
the references of the files will be stored inside the cache.Next time when we open the same
folder then the list of files will load instantly without taking much time.
c. Processor Cache.
Which contains frequently used instructions by the processor. These instructions are stored in L1
Cache,L2 cache.
5:Computer Bus:
Usually the computer has several buses which will transmit the data to different parts of the
machine.It is made of set of wires which will allows data to passed back and forth.The size of the
bus depends upon the data it is transmitting at a time.The size of the bus is like 32-bit and 64-
bit.The buses will also have speed will be measured in megahertz.This will determine how fast
the data is getting transmitted.
Computer will have primary bus which is connected from processor to various components of
the motherboard.

4. 6.IO device control Unit:
One of the important task should be managed by the operating system is to manage various input
and output devices like keyboard,mouse,printers,disk drives,monitors,usb drives etc.
IO request is used to take the request and send it to the physical device or take the output from
the physical device and send back to the application.
7.IO device control unit Buffer:
This Buffer is the place where the data will be stored temporarily while it is moving from one
place to another.Generally the data will store into the buffer when getting the data from input
device or just before sent it back to an output device.This buffer will be moved to different
processes with in the computer.