The document discusses traditional architecture in northern Thailand, focusing on the kalae house style. It provides details on: 1) The climate of Chiang Mai which influenced house design, including distinct wet/dry seasons, humidity, and wind patterns. 2) Elements of kalae house design that respond to the climate, such as high, sloped roofs for rain drainage, small windows, and orientation facing north or south. 3) Other traditional features like prefabricated walls, open floor plans, elevated ground levels, and decorative elements like the "kalae" gable end.

1. Northern Thailand
Kalae House
Climatic Responsive Primitive Architecture

2. Task Delegation Among Members
SYAHMINA TAN XUE ZIOOI MIN TNEE
RESEARCH PICTURES
SKETHCES
RESEARCH INFORMATION :
1. TRADITIONAL THAI HOUSE
2. PARTS OF KALAE HOUSE
3. SUN PATH IN THAILAND
(CHIANG MAI)
4. THAI MOTIFS
RESEARCH INFORMATION :
1. ELEMENTS AND PROPORTION
2. CONSTRUCTION METHODS
3. NATURAL SETTING
COMPOSITION OF PPTX
RESEARCH INFORMATION :
1. CLIMATE AND CM MAP
2. PARTS OF KALAE HOUSE
3. FLOOR PLAN AND ELEVATION
4. CONSTURCTION MATERIALS

3. 1. Introduction

4. Thailand Architecture
Local’s Sense
Community Religious Belief
Extreme Climates
&
Const. Materials

5. CHIANG MAI 724 YEARS OLD
Living Ancient City
Lanna ARCHITECTURE
CultureAND Nature
Chiang Mai is subdivided into 25 districts (amphoe).
Then subdivided into 204 subdistricts (tambon) and
2,066 villages (muban).

6. Terrain Map
18.7953° N, 98.9620° E

7. City Map

8. 2. Religious and
Local’s Belief

9. Religious Belief
Buddhism: Depiction of Buddhist history and stories
The influence of Mon style art (first settlers in central Thailand)
Uses of motif are mostly applied: linked to Thai socio-cultural society.
• The wood carving consist of Hindu Buddhist animals motif.
• Thai people prioritise animals motifs due to their belief into
spirits and guardians.
• Dragon motifs the most famous form in religious myth.
• Combination of two species called `kinnorn` (guardian) ;
The combination of human and birds
• Exp. Elephant, Bird, Dragon, Four-legged animals, Garuda, Swan,
Lotus, Flower and leaves

10. Elephants Flora and Leaves Dragon
Carving Motifs

11. Thai people fear centres on the "spiritual
world" such as "ghosts, unseen forces, and
evil spirits".
So they heavily rely on "supernatural
powers" for protection in the domestic
setting.

12. 3. Construction
Materials

13. Construction Materials
MATERIALS:
Body
Most of Thai houses are made from timber construction;
which is hard wood and bamboo.
80% of construction is hard wood structure.
Roof
Typical materials are terra cotta tiles, teak shingles,
corrugated iron, palm leaf thatch, teak wood chip, dried
nipa palm leaves and dried grasses like vetiver.
Natural materials
Wood
Bamboo
Teak Wood chip
Terracotta tiles
Clay

15. 4. Climate & Weather

16. Drought
Rain causes flooding
Tropical Storms
Distinct Seasons
Extreme Climate and Weather
Summer Rainy Winter
mean annual temperature between 22 to 32 °C
Hot
Wet
Cool
Daytime
comfortable 20 Celsius
to 29 Celsius
Nighttime
go from 19 Celcius and
below

17. •August is the wettest month.
•February is the driest month.
•Average annual precipitation
is: 39.37 in (999.9 mm)
•The warmest month is April.
•The coolest month is January.

18. Relative Humidity
•August is the most humid.
•March is the least humid month.
•Average annual percentage of humidity is 74.0%
•Chiang Mai is slightly humid

19. Location

20. Elevated House
It protects from
dirt, hostile
wildlife, thieves,
and most
importantly from
the monsoon
floods.

21. Winds
Wind and Sun Path
Wind flowing direction during
Summer and cool season
Sunpath

22. Positioning of the house and roofing
play a key part in heat reduction.
Ideally Thai houses face north
In this position,
• will not receive direct sunlight
• will not absorb the heat all day
• fully receive the southern wind 12
House Positioning
21

23. Side Elevation
Small Windows
Reduce heat gain
Reduce heat loss

24. Direction of Kalae Houses

25. Mrs. Pad's Kalae house
• Seventy-six years old
• In The Lanna Traditional Houses Museum.
The entrance faces to the South, main terrace
near water pavilion is always dry.
Second step is shaded by the long leaves from
the roof.
Facing South

26. Mr. Cheun's Kalae House,
The entrance faces to the North
The main terrace and second step are always
shady during the afternoon.
• is bigger than Mrs.Pad's house
• there are two bedrooms
• widely opened terrace back of the house.
Facing North

27. 5.Characteristic
& Parts of Kalae House

28. They usually made all prefabricated parts,
including the roof frame and walls, often tested
them for fit
Pre-fabricated walls can be assembled without
nails and bolts.
Construction Method

29. Kuang
In front of the house,
there is wildly opened area called “Kuang”
Long ago as a agricultural society, it is the place for
agricultural products drying
Tai Thun Ruean
• always welcome for everybody
• multipurpose area for house meeting activities,
playground for the children and parking for
bicycle and motorcycle.
Kuang & Tai Thun Ruean

30. High Roof, Angle 45 - 55
For draining the rain
Facilitates air circulation
2 Types; Solid & Breathable Wall
Some parts be able to slide
“Fha-lap-nang” or “Fha-lai”
Roof & Wall

31. On top of the gable, there is a carved
wooden cross called “Kalae”.
Used to be the frame designed to hold
the roof together
Changed to clay roof tiles, kalae
turned into a decorative element.

32. No nails
Unique Wood Joint Technique
Water Pavilion or Han-Num
Wood Joint & Han-Num

33. An open-decked space to sun-dry things
during the wet season when the land is
flooded
Outdoor terrace with water pavilion
A welcome guests area
Shan
Shan

34. Toen
The heart of the house
Semi-Private space
Lifted up to make hierarchical space and heat
ventilation.
Toen is always shady all the afternoon, second
step serves as eating, working and resting area as
well as a sitting place for the guests.
At night, it is the sleeping area for brothers of the
owner.
For daughter,
Toen is privately working area by using “Fha-Lai”

35. TOEN
SHAN

36. Divided for sleeping and clothing.
Hierarchical of space are separated by the
level differentiations.
A notable decorative lintel above the sleeping door;
called “Hum-Yon”
Represents the most privacy area.
A sacred lintel to protect the residents from evil.
Body (Bedrooms)

37. Body (Bedrooms)

38. Plan Analysis
EastWest

39. It needs sunlight and good ventilation.
Kitchen (On the West)
The owner can see sunrise in the morning
Wont absorb evening heat and comfortable
to sleep at night.
Bedroom (On the East)
Plan Analysis

40. Conclusion
Climate and weather plays an important role in designing a
comfortable house for the users.
By understanding it, the form of design minimizes
environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with
living processes.
Vernacular architecture is the essence of our history, it links
with everything in our life.

41. http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/162360.pdf
http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Thailand/sub5_8e/
http://factsanddetails.com/southeastasia/Thailand/sub5_8e/entry-3257.html
http://art-culture.cmu.ac.th/index.php
E-CO-HOUSING CASE STUDY:
A LOW-RISE FOR NEW HABITATION IN CHIANG MAI APARTMENT
By Sirinpat Kuttikul
References
http://www.chiangmai.bangkok.com/info/weather.htm
http://www.pattaya-location-beach-front.com/anmaison.php
https://www.gaisma.com/en/location/chiang-mai.html
http://www.jstedmandesign.com/essay---thai-architectural-identity.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalae_house
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Thai_house
https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-precipitation-Rainfall-
inches,Chiang-Mai,Thailand