This document defines key concepts related to child and adolescent development. It discusses that development occurs in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains from conception through adulthood. The stages of development include prenatal, infancy, babyhood, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Development proceeds at varying rates in different areas for each child. Modern principles of development state that it is lifelong, multidimensional, influenced by both biology and culture, shows plasticity, and is influenced by historical and cultural contexts.

1. PSY 2
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
LEARNER-CENTERED
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2.  Definition of concepts
 Developmental domains and prin
ciples
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3. Who is the CHILD?
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4. The UN Convention on the Rights of
the Child, ratified by the UK governm
ent in 1991, states that a child
“means every human being below th
e age of eighteen years”
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5. In the Philippines…….
 R.A. 7610 in 1992, otherwise known as the C
hild Protection Law expanded the definition o
f children to mean "persons below eighteen (
18) years of age or those over but are unable
to fully take care of themselves or protect the
mselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploita
tion or discrimination because of a physical or
mental disability
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6. Developmental Psychology
 Stages of Development
1. Pre Natal
2. Infancy
3. Babyhood
4. Childhood
5. Adolescence
6. Adulthood
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7. STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Prenatal period: from conception to birth
Infancy and toddlerhood: birth to 2 years
Early childhood: 2-6 years old
Middle/Late childhood: 6-12 years old
Adolescence: 12-18 years old
Adulthood – 18 - death (EARLY, MIDDLE,
LATE)

8. GROWTH
 Refers generally to physical growth
 Change in size, in proportion, disappea
rance of old features and acquisition of
new ones
i.e. Change in height, weight
Disappearance of milk/temporary teet
h for permanent teeth
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9. Development
 A progressive series of changes that occu
r in an orderly predictable pattern as a res
ult of maturation and experience
 A complex process of integrating many st
ructures and functions
 A process of change in growth and capabi
lity over time, as function of both maturati
on and interaction with the environment
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10. Growth involves quantitative chang
es
 Development implies qualitative c
hanges – overall change in shape, f
orm or structure resulting in impro
ved working or functioning
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11. Domains of Development
 PHYSICAL
 COGNITIVE
 PSYCHOSOCIAL
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12. Physical Domain
 Growth of body and brain
 sensory capacities
 motor skills and
 health
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13. Cognitive Domain
 Learning
 Attention
 Memory
 Language
 Thinking
 reasoning
 Creativity
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14. Psychosocial Domain
 Emotions
 Personality
 Social/Interpersonal relationships
 Moral reasoning
 Friendship
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15. Development is a continuous proces
s (from birth to death)
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16. There is a general pattern for growth
and development.
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17. DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
 CEPHALOCAUDAL
- from the brain and head areas down the bod
y
- from head and neck region to the legs and fe
et
 PROXIMODISTAL
- Near to far, outward direction
- From the central axis of the body toward the
extremities
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18. 18

19. 19

20. Principle:
Development proceeds at varying rat
es from child to child as well as un
evenly within different areas of eac
h child's functioning.
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21. 21

22. Modern Principles
1. Development is lifelong.
Each period is affected by what happened b
efore and will affect what is to come.
2. D is multidimensional.
It occurs along multiple interacting dimensio
ns – biological, psychological and social
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23. Modern Principles
3. Relative influences of biology and culture
shift over the life span.
D is influenced both by biology and culture b
ut the balance between these influences c
hanges.
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24. Modern Principles
4. D shows plasticity.
Many abilities such as memory, strength and
endurance can be improved significantly
with training and practice, even late in life
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25. Modern Principles
5. D is influenced by the historical and cultu
ral context.
Each person develops within multiple contex
ts – circumstances or conditions defined i
n part by maturation and in part by time a
nd place.
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